ubuntu编译安装php5 mysql nginx
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一、首先下载软件源码包
wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.8.53.tar.gz
wget http:/.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/php/php-5.2.10.tar.gz
wget http:/.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/phpfpm/php-5.2.10-fpm-0.5.11.diff.gz
wget http:/.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mysql/mysql-5.1.38.tar.gz
wget http:/.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
wget http:/.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
wget http:/.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
wget http:/.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/memcache/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
wget http:/.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
wget http:/.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/pcre/pcre-7.9.tar.gz
wget http:/.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/eaccelerator/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
wget http:/.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/pdo/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget http:/.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
wget http:/.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/imagick-2.2.2.tgz
二、安装PHP 5.2.10（FastCGI模式）
1、首先安装PHP 5.2.10所需的支持库
tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13/
./configure –prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ..
tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
cd ..
#在make中途出错的话， apt-get install g++ ，然后重新再做一边
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure
make
make install
cd ..
2、编译安装MySQL 5.1.38
添加mysql用户组和用户
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.1.38.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.1.38/
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ –enable-assembler –with-extra-charsets=complex –enable-thread-safe-client –with-big-tables –with-readline –with-ssl –with-embedded-server –enable-local-infile –with-plugins=innobase
make && make install
chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql
cd ..
#如果编译过程中出现如下错误
#checking for tgetent in -ltermcap… no
#checking for termcap functions library… configure: error: No curses/termcap library found
#说明 curses/termcap 库没有安装去下载一个ncurses-5.6.tar.gz，
#wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/ncurses/ncurses-5.6.tar.gz
#tar zxvf ncurses-5.6.tar.gz
#cd ncurses-5.6
# ./configure –prefix=/usr –with-shared –without-debug
# make
# make install clean
#然后再重新编译Mysql进行安装。
#如果又遇到如下错误：
make[2]: *** [do_abi_check] 错误 1
make[2]: Leaving directory `/tmp/mysql-5.5.3-m3′
make[1]: *** [abi_check] 错误 2
make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/mysql-5.5.3-m3′
make: *** [all-recursive] 错误 1
#在网上搜了一下，说是Mysql的一个Bug,解决方法是打开Makefile将do_abi_check:后面的语句删除，注意do_abi_check:需要留下来，然后再 make && make install
附：以下为附加步骤，如果你想在这台服务器上运行MySQL数据库，则执行以下两步。如果你只是希望让PHP支持MySQL扩展库，能够连接其他服务器上的MySQL数据库，那么，以下两步无需执行。
1)、创建MySQL数据库存放目录
mkdir -p /var/webserver/mysql/3306/data
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/webserver/mysql/3306
2)、以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表：
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db –basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql –datadir=/var/webserver/mysql/3306/data –user=mysql
3)、创建my.cnf配置文件：
vim /var/webserver/mysql/3306/my.cnf
输入以下内容：
[client]
default-character-set = utf8
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysql]
prompt=”(\u:blog.s135.com:)[\d]> ”
no-auto-rehash
[mysqld]
#default-character-set = utf8
user = mysql
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql
datadir = /var/webserver/mysql/3306/data
open_files_limit = 10240
back_log = 600
max_connections = 3000
max_connect_errors = 6000
table_cache = 614
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
join_buffer_size = 2M
thread_cache_size = 300
thread_concurrency = 8
query_cache_size = 32M
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
default-storage-engine = MyISAM
default_table_type = MyISAM
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 246M
max_heap_table_size = 246M
long_query_time = 1
log_long_format
log-bin = /var/webserver/mysql/3306/binlog
binlog_cache_size = 4M
binlog_format = MIXED
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size = 512M
expire_logs_days = 7
key_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover
skip-name-resolve
#master-connect-retry = 10
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396
server-id = 1
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048M #如果启动不了Mysql把它改为1024或者增大swap分区的大小
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1024M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 128M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M
4)、创建管理MySQL数据库的shell脚本：
vim /etc/init.d/mysql
输入以下内容：
#!/bin/sh
mysql_port=3306
mysql_username=”root”
mysql_password=”root”
function_start_mysql()
{
printf “Starting MySQL…\n”
/bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe –defaults-file=/var/webserver/mysql/${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
}
function_stop_mysql()
{
printf “Stoping MySQL…\n”
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /tmp/mysql.sock shutdown
}
function_restart_mysql()
{
printf “Restarting MySQL…\n”
function_stop_mysql
sleep 5
function_start_mysql
}
function_kill_mysql()
{
kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep ‘bin/mysqld_safe’ | grep ${mysql_port} | awk ‘{printf $2}’)
kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep ‘libexec/mysqld’ | grep ${mysql_port} | awk ‘{printf $2}’)
}
if [ "$1" = "start" ]; then
function_start_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then
function_stop_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "restart" ]; then
function_restart_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "kill" ]; then
function_kill_mysql
else
printf “Usage: /var/webserver/mysql/${mysql_port}/mysql {start|stop|restart|kill}\n”
fi
5)、添加执行权限
sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql
6)、添加mysql服务(ubuntu),并启动服务添加自定义shell命令
#添加mysql服务
sudo update-rc.d mysql defaults 100
#启动mysql服务
service mysql start
#添加自写义shell命令，方便进入mysql
sudo vim ~/.bashrc
#在最后一行加入以下内容
mysql () {
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqlr
}
#让其立即生效
source ~/.bashrc
7)、登陆mysql以上添加好之后，直接输入mysql就可以登陆进去了
8)、输入以下SQL语句，创建一个具有root权限的用户
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘root’@'localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ”;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘root’@’127.0.0.1′ IDENTIFIED BY ”;
3、编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式）
tar zxvf php-5.2.10.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.10-fpm-0.5.11.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.10 -p1
cd php-5.2.10/
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php –with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc –with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql –with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config –with-iconv-dir=/usr/local –with-freetype-dir –with-jpeg-dir –with-png-dir –with-zlib –with-libxml-dir=/usr –enable-xml –disable-rpath –enable-discard-path –enable-safe-mode –enable-bcmath –enable-shmop –enable-sysvsem –enable-inline-optimization –with-curl –with-curlwrappers –enable-mbregex –enable-fastcgi –enable-fpm –enable-force-cgi-redirect –enable-mbstring –with-mcrypt –with-gd –enable-gd-native-ttf –with-openssl –with-mhash –enable-pcntl –enable-sockets –with-ldap –with-ldap-sasl –with-xmlrpc –enable-zip –enable-soap –without-pear
#如果出现下面的错误提示
#checking for xml2-config… no
#checking for xml-config… no
#configure: error: XML configuration could not be found
#安装 apt-get install libxml2-dev
#如果出现下面的错误提示
#checking for pkg-config… /usr/bin/pkg-config
#configure: error: Cannot find OpenSSL’s <evp.h>
#安装 apt-get install libssl-dev”
#如果出现下面的错误提示
#checking for cURL in default path… not found
#configure: error: Please reinstall the libcurl distribution – easy.h should be in <curl-dir>/include/curl/
#安装: apt-get install libcurl4-gnutls-dev
#如果出现:
#configure: error: libjpeg.(a|so) not found.
#安装: apt-get install libjpeg-dev
#如果出现:
#configure: error: libpng.(a|so) not found.
#安装: apt-get install libpng12-dev
#如果出现:configure: error: freetype.h not found.
#安装: apt-get install libfreetype6-dev
#如果出现:configure: error: sasl.h not found!
#安装: apt-get install libsasl2-dev
如果出现:
+——————————————————————–+
| *** ATTENTION *** |
| |
| Something is likely to be messed up here, because the configure |
| script was not able to detect a simple feature on your platform. |
| This is often caused by incorrect configuration parameters. Please |
| see the file debug.log for error messages. |
| |
| If you are unable to fix this, send the file debug.log to the |
| php-install@lists.php.net mailing list and include appropiate |
| information about your setup. |
+——————————————————————–+
| License: |
| This software is subject to the PHP License, available in this |
| distribution in the file LICENSE. By continuing this installation |
| process, you are bound by the terms of this license agreement. |
| If you do not agree with the terms of this license, you must abort |
| the installation process at this point. |
+——————————————————————–+
Thank you for using PHP.
#到php安装程序目录(编译PHP的目录)去查看debug.log最后几行如果有以下警告
A conftest.c:3: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘exit’
B ./conftest: error while loading shared libraries: libmysqlclient.so.16: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
#增加LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql到环境变量,方法为编辑/etc/profile文 件,添 加:export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/lib/mysql
#如果不想重启使用 . /etc/profile 就可以了，注意.和/etc中间有空格,然后再重新编译
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS=’-liconv’
make install
#复制配置好的php.ini到/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录下
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
cd ..
#curl http://pear.php.net/go-pear | /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php
4、编译安装PHP5扩展模块
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure –with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ..
#如果出现:
#Cannot find autoconf. Please check your autoconf installation and the
#$PHP_AUTOCONF environment variable. Then, rerun this script.
#安装:
#sudo apt-get install m4
#sudo apt-get install autoconf
#或者直接:
#sudo apt-get install autoconf
#因为autoconf 依赖于m4,所以会自动下载解决这个依赖关系.
tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure –enable-eaccelerator=shared –with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ..
tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure –with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config –with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql
make
make install
cd ..
tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
./configure
make
make install
cd ..
#如果执行make时出错，信息提示如下：
#/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lperl
#collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
#make[2]: *** [blib/arch/auto/Image/Magick/Magick.so] 错误 1
#make[2]:正在离开目录 `/home/ouyangjunqiu/下载/ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/PerlMagick’
#make[1]: *** [all-perl] 错误 2
#make[1]:正在离开目录 `/home/ouyangjunqiu/下载/ImageMagick-6.5.1-2′
#make: *** [all] 错误 2
#有两种解决方法
#1.在配置的时候加个。。
#./configure –without-perl
#2.安装库文件
#apt-get install libperl-dev
#安装完成后验证一下是否能正常工作输入convert -version 如果出现如下错误:
convert: error while loading shared libraries: libMagickCore.so.2: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
＃我们需要把安装目录下缺失的文件，用ln链接到/usr/lib目录下
#ln -s /usr/local/lib/libMagickCore.so.2 /usr/lib
#然后可以使用convert xx.jpg xx.gif 把jpg的图片转换为gif看看能不能正常使用
tar zxvf imagick-2.2.2.tgz
cd imagick-2.2.2/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure –with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ..
5、修改php.ini文件
手工修改：查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = “./”
修改为extension_dir = “/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/”
并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：
extension = “memcache.so”
extension = “pdo_mysql.so”
extension = “imagick.so”
再查找output_buffering = Off
修改为output_buffering = On
6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP：
mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：
[eaccelerator]
zend_extension=”/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so”
eaccelerator.shm_size=”64″
eaccelerator.cache_dir=”/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache”
eaccelerator.enable=”1″
eaccelerator.optimizer=”1″
eaccelerator.check_mtime=”1″
eaccelerator.debug=”0″
eaccelerator.filter=”"
eaccelerator.shm_max=”0″
eaccelerator.shm_ttl=”3600″
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period=”3600″
eaccelerator.shm_only=”0″
eaccelerator.compress=”1″
eaccelerator.compress_level=”9″
7、创建www用户和组：
/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /var/webserver/www
chmod +w /var/webserver/www
chown -R www:www /var/webserver/www
8、创建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi）：
在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件：
rm -rf /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
输入以下内容（如果您安装 Nginx + PHP 用于程序调试，请将以下的<value name=”display_errors”>0</value>改为<value name=”display_errors”>1</value>，以便显示PHP错误信息，否则，Nginx 会报状态为500的空白错误页）：
<?xml version=”1.0″ ?>
<configuration>
All relative paths in this config are relative to php’s install prefix
<section name=”global_options”>
Pid file
<value name=”pid_file”>/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>
Error log file
<value name=”error_log”>/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>
Log level
<value name=”log_level”>notice</value>
When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS …
<value name=”emergency_restart_threshold”>10</value>
… in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.
Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator’s shared memory.
<value name=”emergency_restart_interval”>1m</value>
Time limit on waiting child’s reaction on signals from master
<value name=”process_control_timeout”>5s</value>
Set to ‘no’ to debug fpm
<value name=”daemonize”>yes</value>
</section>
<workers>
<section name=”pool”>
Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
<value name=”name”>default</value>
Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
Valid syntax is ‘ip.ad.re.ss:port’ or just ‘port’ or ‘/path/to/unix/socket’
<value name=”listen_address”>127.0.0.1:9000</value>
<value name=”listen_options”>
Set listen(2) backlog
<value name=”backlog”>-1</value>
Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
<value name=”owner”></value>
<value name=”group”></value>
<value name=”mode”>0666</value>
</value>
Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.
<value name=”php_defines”>
<value name=”sendmail_path”>/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>
<value name=”display_errors”>1</value>
</value>
Unix user of processes
<value name=”user”>www</value>
Unix group of processes
<value name=”group”>www</value>
Process manager settings
<value name=”pm”>
Sets style of controling worker process count.
Valid values are ‘static’ and ‘apache-like’
<value name=”style”>static</value>
Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.
Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi
Used with any pm_style.
<value name=”max_children”>128</value>
Settings group for ‘apache-like’ pm style
<value name=”apache_like”>
Sets the number of server processes created on startup.
Used only when ‘apache-like’ pm_style is selected
<value name=”StartServers”>20</value>
Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.
Used only when ‘apache-like’ pm_style is selected
<value name=”MinSpareServers”>5</value>
Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.
Used only when ‘apache-like’ pm_style is selected
<value name=”MaxSpareServers”>35</value>
</value>
</value>
The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated
Should be used when ‘max_execution_time’ ini option does not stop script execution for some reason
’0s’ means ‘off’
<value name=”request_terminate_timeout”>0s</value>
The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file
’0s’ means ‘off’
<value name=”request_slowlog_timeout”>0s</value>
The log file for slow requests
<value name=”slowlog”>logs/slow.log</value>
Set open file desc rlimit
<value name=”rlimit_files”>65535</value>
Set max core size rlimit
<value name=”rlimit_core”>0</value>
Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path
<value name=”chroot”></value>
Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path
<value name=”chdir”></value>
Redirect workers’ stdout and stderr into main error log.
If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs
<value name=”catch_workers_output”>yes</value>
How much requests each process should execute before respawn.
Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
For endless request processing please specify 0
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
<value name=”max_requests”>102400</value>
Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.
Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
<value name=”allowed_clients”>127.0.0.1</value>
Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment
<value name=”environment”>
<value name=”HOSTNAME”>$HOSTNAME</value>
<value name=”PATH”>/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>
<value name=”TMP”>/tmp</value>
<value name=”TMPDIR”>/tmp</value>
<value name=”TEMP”>/tmp</value>
<value name=”OSTYPE”>$OSTYPE</value>
<value name=”MACHTYPE”>$MACHTYPE</value>
<value name=”MALLOC_CHECK_”>2</value>
</value>
</section>
</workers>
</configuration>
9、启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的9000端口，进程数为200（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启64个进程)
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
注：/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数，包 括：start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate，修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi，重新加载配置文件 使用reload。
三、安装Nginx 0.8.53
1、安装Nginx所需的pcre库：
tar zxvf pcre-7.9.tar.gz
cd pcre-7.9/
./configure
make && make install
cd ..
2、安装Nginx
tar zxvf nginx-0.8.53.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.8.53/
./configure –user=www –group=www –prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_ssl_module
make && make install
cd ..
3、创建Nginx日志目录
mkdir -p /var/log/nginx
chmod +w /var/log/nginx
chown -R www:www /var/log/nginx
4、创建Nginx配置文件
1、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
输入以下内容：
user www www;
worker_processes 2;
error_log /var/log/nginx/nginx_error.log;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main ’$remote_addr – $remote_user [$time_local] “$request “‘
‘$status $body_bytes_sent “$http_referer” ‘
‘”$http_user_agent” “$http_x_forwarded_for”‘;
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
autoindex off;
map $scheme $fastcgi_https { ## Detect when HTTPS is used
default off;
https on;
}
keepalive_timeout 10;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffers 8 128k;
gzip on;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_proxied any;
#gzip_types text/plain text/html text/css application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
# Load config files from the /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/conf.d directory
include /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/conf.d/*.conf;
}
添加虚似主机(注：因本人要使用Magento所以下面有的东西是给Magento写的，这只是个例子)
vim /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/conf.d/zozhang.test.conf
写下配置文件
server {
listen 80;
server_name zozhang.test;
#下面这包主要是给没有加www的添加www,由于是本地测试，就不启用了。
#rewrite / $scheme://www.$host$request_uri permanent; ## Forcibly prepend a www
}
server {
listen 80 default; #default 所的配置文件中，只能定义一个;
server_name zozhang.test; ## Domain is here twice so server_name_in_redirect will favour the www
root /var/webserver/www/test;
location / {
index index.html index.php; ## Allow a static html file to be shown first
try_files $uri $uri/ @handler; ## If missing pass the URI to Magento’s front handler
expires 30d; ## Assume all files are cachable
}
location /minify/ { ## Needed for Fooman Speedster
rewrite ^/minify/([0-9]+)(/.*\.(js|css))$ /lib/minify/m.php?f=$2&d=$1 last;
}
## These locations would be hidden by .htaccess normally
location /app/ { deny all; }
location /includes/ { deny all; }
location /lib/ { deny all; }
location /lib/minify/ { allow all; } ## Deny is applied after rewrites so must specifically allow minify
location /media/downloadable/ { deny all; }
location /pkginfo/ { deny all; }
location /report/config.xml { deny all; }
location /var/ { deny all; }
location /var/export/ { ## Allow admins only to view export folder
auth_basic “Restricted”; ## Message shown in login window
auth_basic_user_file htpasswd; ## See /usr/local/webserver/nginx/confhtpassword
autoindex on;
}
location /. { ## Disable .htaccess and other hidden files
return 404;
}
location @handler { ## Magento uses a common front handler
rewrite / /index.php;
}
location ~ \.php/ { ## Forward paths like /js/index.php/x.js to relevant handler
rewrite ^(.*\.php)/ $1 last;
}
location ~ \.php$ { ## Execute PHP scripts
expires off; ## Do not cache dynamic content
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_param HTTPS $fastcgi_https;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params; ## See /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fastcgi_params
}
}
2、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件：
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf
输入以下内容：
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
# PHP only, required if PHP was built with –enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;
5、启动Nginx
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
＃启动过程中如果提示：/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx: error while loading shared libraries: libpcre.so.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
＃解决方法，在/lib中创建一个symbol link到/usr/local/lib/libpcre.so.0
＃ ln -s /usr/local/lib/libpcre.so.0 /lib
四、配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP
vi /etc/rc.local
在末尾增加以下内容：
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
创建Nginx管理脚本(启动、停止、配置、重启)
################################################
#!/bin/bash
# v.0.0.3
# create by jackbillow at 2007.10.15
# redevelop by XGuru at 2010.6.28
# On Ubuntu 10.04
# nginx – This shell script takes care of starting and stopping nginx.
#
# description: nginx [engine x] is light http web/proxy server
# that answers incoming ftp service requests.
###############################################
nginx_path=”/usr/local/webserver/nginx/” #配置nginx安装路径
nginx_pid=”/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx.pid”
prog=”nginx”
RETVAL=0
start() {
# Start daemons.
if [ -e $nginx_path/conf/nginx.conf ];then
echo -n $”Starting $prog: ”
$nginx_path/sbin/nginx -c $nginx_path/conf/nginx.conf &
RETVAL=$?
[ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && {
echo Start “$prog” successfully!
}
else
RETVAL=1
fi
return $RETVAL
}
# Stop daemons.
stop() {
echo -n $”Stopping $prog\n”
sudo killall -9 nginx
RETVAL=$?
}
# See how we were called.
conf(){
vim “$nginx_path/conf/nginx.conf” #这里请设置要使用什么方式打开配置文件，我使用的是vim
}
case “$1″ in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
conf)
conf
;;
restart)
stop
start
;;
*)
echo $”Usage: $0 {start|stop|conf|restart}”
echo $”Your may need root privilege to execute this script!”
exit 1
esac
exit $RETVAL
六、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置
1、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：
the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully
2、这时，输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号：
ps -ef | grep “nginx: master process” | grep -v “grep” | awk -F ‘ ‘ ‘{print $2}’
屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号，例如：
6302
这时，执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效：
kill -HUP 6302
或者无需这么麻烦，找到Nginx的Pid文件：
kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`
七、编写每天定时切割Nginx日志的脚本
1、创建脚本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
输入以下内容：
#!/bin/bash
# This script run at 00:00
# The Nginx logs path
logs_path=”/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/”
mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d “yesterday” +”%Y”)/$(date -d “yesterday” +”%m”)/
mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d “yesterday” +”%Y”)/$(date -d “yesterday” +”%m”)/access_$(date -d “yesterday” +”%Y%m%d”).log
kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`
2、设置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志
crontab -e
输入以下内容：
00 00 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
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