基于socket简单通信协议实现(c/c++)

来源:互联网 发布:淘宝回心转意符有用吗 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/06/01 09:01

转载于:http://jasonshieh.iteye.com/blog/1670037

1 场景
当用socket进行进程通信,传输数据的时候,会出现以下一些情况:

(1)完整的一条消息被系统拆分成几条发送,例如要发送一条消息:Hello World ,却被系统分成两条消息发送,分别为:Hello 和 World。

(2)几条独立的消息被系统合成一条消息发送,例如要发送两条消息分别为:a memory from my past和it’s been a year,却被系统和成一条消息发送:a memory from my pastit’s been a year。

这个时候,需要为socket通信设计一种通信协议,以保证数据的准确性。

2 协议格式
通信协议设计如下:


Head:帧头,2个字节,此处为0xa5a5

Type:通信类型,1个字节,范围0x00~0xff   

Data Length:数据长度,1个字节,即Data的字节总数,

Data:实际传输的数据,长度不定

CS:校验值,1个字节,type、data length、data三个域所有字节的异或值,实际中并没用到校验

End:帧尾,2个字节,此处为0xbeef



3 程序设计

3.1    解析思路
假设socket客户端C和服务端S通信,C向S发送消息M1。

1、  S收到消息M1。S把消息M1拷贝到缓存Q中,Q为循环队列。假如M1的长度大于Q的剩余空间,则只拷贝剩余空间大小的字节到Q。

2、  从Q的当前指针开始,查找帧头<Head>。如果找到,则当前指针向后移2个字节位置,继续查找<Type>;如果没找到,则删除前1个字节,当前指针向后移1个字节位置,继续查找<Head>

3、  从Q的当前指针开始,查找<Type>。如果Q中至少还剩一个字节,则表示找到,当前指针向后移1个字节位置,否则退出解析。

4、  从Q的当前指针开始,查找<DataLength>。如果Q中至少还剩一个字节,则表示找到,当前指针向后移1个字节位置,否则退出解析。

5、  从Q的当前指针开始,向后移DataLength个字节位置,查找<End>。如果找到,则从Q中取出一条完整的消息P1,并从Q中删除此消息空间,调用外部的回调函数;否则删除帧头的第一个字节a5,当前指针指向帧头第二个字节a5位置,从步骤2开始,重新一轮解析。



3.2    数据结构

查找策略枚举,用于查找时判断查找帧结构的哪个部位:

typedef enum{
 SEARCH_HEAD,
 SEARCH_TYPE,
 SEARCH_LEN,
 //SEARCH_CS,
 SEARCH_END,
 SEARCH_NONE
}cache_strategy;

消息结构体,用于存储从缓存中解析出的数据:

typedef struct{
 unsigned char data[SOCKET_MSG_SIZE];   //data
 int len;
 unsigned char type;
}socket_msg;
回调函数,用于从缓存中解析出消息时调用:

typedef void (*tp_socket_msg_handle)(int fd, socket_msg *msg,void *args);
循环队列,用于缓存接收到的数据:

typedef struct{
 unsigned char buf[SOCKET_MSG_CACHE_SIZE]; //buffer for storing data read from client
 int front;
 int rear;
 int current; 
 int len;
 int tag;   //mark that whether the cache is full,1-full,0-not full
 cache_strategy strategy;
 tp_socket_msg_handle handle;//callback function to invoke when a message is parsed out  
 void* args;         //external parameter
 socket_msg recv_msg;       //parsed message
 
}socket_cache;
3.3 关键实现
1、把接收到的数据存储到缓冲中,并准备解析:

//copy the unparsed data to cache, and parsed them
int socket_msg_pre_parse(
int fd,
socket_cache *cache,
unsigned char *buf,
int len,
void *args)
{
 int n = 0;
 unsigned char *p = buf;
 //when reading buffer's length is greater than cache's left length,
 //we should copy many times.
 cache->args = args;
 while(1){
  n = socket_msg_cpy_in(cache, p, len);
  if(n == 0){
   return FALSE;//cache is full 
  }
  //parse and handle socket message from cache
  socket_msg_parse(fd, cache);
  
  if(n == len){
   return TRUE; //copy completed
  }
  //move the pointer
  p  = p + n;
  len = len - n;
 }
 
 return TRUE;
  
}
2、递归解析消息:

//parsed the packaged data, and invoke callback function
void socket_msg_parse(int fd, socket_cache *cache)
{
 int current_len;
 int p, q;
 int i;
 int find;
 
 if(cache->front == cache->rear && cache->tag == 0){
  //D("socket cache is empty!\n");
  return; 
 }
 
 //calculate the current length of cache
 if(cache->current >= cache->front){
  current_len = cache->len - (cache->current - cache->front);
 }
 else{
  current_len = cache->rear - cache->current; 
 }
 
 switch(cache->strategy){
  case SEARCH_HEAD://to find a Head format in cache
   if(current_len < SOCKET_MSG_HEAD_SIZE){
    return; 
   }
   find = FALSE;
   for(i = 0; i < current_len - 1; i++){
    p = cache->current;
    q = (cache->current + 1) % SOCKET_MSG_CACHE_SIZE;
    if( (cache->buf[p] == (SOCKET_MSG_HEAD >> 8))&&
     (cache->buf[q] == (SOCKET_MSG_HEAD & 0xff))){
     
     find = TRUE;
     break; //exit for loop
    }
    else{
     //current pointer move to next
     cache->current = q;
     //delete one item
     cache->front = cache->current;
     cache->len --;
     cache->tag = 0;
    }
   }
   
   if(find == TRUE){ 
    //move 2 items towards next
    cache->current = (cache->current + 2) % SOCKET_MSG_CACHE_SIZE; 
    //we found the head format, go on to find Type byte
    cache->strategy = SEARCH_TYPE;  
   }
   else{
    //if there is no head format ,delete previouse items
    LOGE("socket message without head: %x!\n",SOCKET_MSG_HEAD);
    //go on to find Head format
    cache->strategy = SEARCH_HEAD; 
   }
   break;
   
  case SEARCH_TYPE://to find the type byte in cache
   if(current_len < SOCKET_MSG_TYPE_SIZE){
    return ; 
   }
   //get the value of type
   //cache->type = cache->buf[cache->current];
   cache->recv_msg.type = cache->buf[cache->current];
   cache->current = (cache->current + 1) % SOCKET_MSG_CACHE_SIZE;
   //we found Type byte, go on to find Datalen format
   cache->strategy = SEARCH_LEN;
   break;
   
  case SEARCH_LEN://to find the datalen byte in cache
   if(current_len < SOCKET_MSG_LEN_SIZE){
    return ; 
   }
   if(cache->buf[cache->current] > SOCKET_MSG_DATA_SIZE){
    LOGE("the data len of message out of size: %d!\n",SOCKET_MSG_DATA_SIZE);
    //delete the frist item 'a5'
    //move back 2 items
    cache->current = cache->current >= 2 ? (cache->current - 2) : (SOCKET_MSG_CACHE_SIZE - 2 + cache->current);
    cache->front = cache->current;
    //length sub 2
    cache->len -= 2;
    cache->tag = 0;
    //go on to find Head format
    cache->strategy = SEARCH_HEAD;
   }
   else{
    //get the value of datalen
    //cache->data_len = cache->buf[cache->current];
    cache->recv_msg.len = cache->buf[cache->current];
    cache->current = (cache->current + 1) % SOCKET_MSG_CACHE_SIZE;
    //we found datalen byte, go on to find End format
    cache->strategy = SEARCH_END;
   }
   break;
   
  
   
  case SEARCH_END:
   if(current_len < (cache->recv_msg.len + SOCKET_MSG_END_SIZE)){
    return; 
   }
   //because we have known the data bytes' len, so we move the very 
   //distance of datalen to see if there is End format.
   p = (cache->current + cache->recv_msg.len) % SOCKET_MSG_CACHE_SIZE;
   q = (cache->current + cache->recv_msg.len + 1) % SOCKET_MSG_CACHE_SIZE;
   if( (cache->buf[p] == (SOCKET_MSG_END >> 8))&&
    (cache->buf[q] == (SOCKET_MSG_END & 0xff)) ){
    socket_msg_cpy_out(cache, cache->recv_msg.data, cache->current, cache->recv_msg.len);
    if(cache->handle != NULL){
     //cache->handle(fd, cache->buf + cache->data_index, cache->data_len);
     cache->handle(fd, &cache->recv_msg, cache->args); 
    }
    //delete all previous items
    cache->current = (q + 1) % SOCKET_MSG_CACHE_SIZE;
    cache->front = cache->current;
    cache->len -= (cache->recv_msg.len + SOCKET_MSG_FORMAT_SIZE);
    cache->tag =0;
    
   }
   else{
    LOGE("socket message without end: %x!\n",SOCKET_MSG_END);
    //delete the frist item 'a5'
    //move back 3 items
    cache->current = cache->current >= 3 ? (cache->current - 3) : (SOCKET_MSG_CACHE_SIZE - 3 + cache->current);
    cache->front = cache->current;
    //length sub 3
    cache->len -= 3;
    cache->tag = 0;
     
   }
   //go on to find Head format
   cache->strategy = SEARCH_HEAD;
   break;
   
  default:
    break;
    
    
 }
 
 //parse new socket message
 socket_msg_parse(fd,cache);
}


0 0
原创粉丝点击