【数据结构】 串的基本操作

/*==========================================================================================串的基本操作By~fanxingzju2014.04.231.StrAssign(&T, chars)初始条件：chars是字符串常量操作结果：生成一个其值等于chars的串T2.StrCopy(&T, S)初始条件：串S存在操作结果：由串S复制的串T3.StrEmpty(S)初始条件：串S存在操作结果：若S为空串，则返回true，否则返回false4.StrCompare(S, T)初始条件：串S和T存在操作结果：若S > T，则返回值 > 0；若S = T，则返回值 = 0；若S < T，则返回值 < 05.StrLength(S)初始条件：串S存在操作结果：返回S的元素个数，称为串的长度6.ClearString(&S)初始条件：串S存在操作结果：将S清为空串7.Concat(&T, S1, S2)初始条件：串S1和S2存在操作结果：用T返回由S1和S2联接而成的新串8.SubString(&Sub, S, pos, len)初始条件：串S存在，1≦pos≦Strlength(S)且0≦len≦Strlength(S)-pos+1操作结果：用Sub返回串S的第pos个字符起长度为len的字串9.Index(S, T, pos)初始条件：串S和T存在，T为非空串，1≦pos≦Strlength(S)操作结果：若主串中存在和串T值相同的字串，则返回它在字串S中第pos个字符之后第一次出现的位置；否则函数值为010.Replace(&S, T, V)初始条件：串S，T和V存在，T是非空串操作结果：用V替换主串S中出现的所有与T相等的不重叠的字串11.StrInsert(&S, pos, T)初始条件：串S和T存在，1≦pos≦Strlength(S)+1操作结果：在串S的第pos个位置字符之前传入串T12.StrDelete(&S, pos, len)初始条件：串S存在，1≦pos≦Strlength(S)-len+1操作结果：从串S中删除第pos个字符起长度为len的字串13.DestroyString(&S)初始条件：串S存在操作结果：串S被销毁14.PrintString(T)初始条件：串S存在操作结果：将S打印在屏幕上15.InitString(&T)初始条件：串T已经定义操作结果：将串S初始化==========================================================================================备注：1.这里将空串定义为：T.ch = new char[1]; T.length = 0; *T.ch = '\0';2.这里将不存在的串视为：T.ch = NULL;3.字符串全部以'\0'结束4.尽量保持各个函数的独立性，只有在Replace()函数中调用了Index()函数5.函数中的打印信息可以根据需要选择6.由于函数比较多，此处不再提供详细的测试代码，可以根据需要自行设计测试特定函数*/#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>typedef struct{char *ch;int length;}HString;//1.StrAssign(&T, chars)bool StrAssign(HString &T, char *chars){if (T.ch){delete[] T.ch;}char *ctemp = chars;T.length = 0;while(*ctemp){++T.length;++ctemp;}T.ch = new char[T.length + 1];if (!T.ch){printf("StrAssign()函数执行，内存分配失败，程序即将退出\n");system("pause");exit(-1);}char *tmp = T.ch;while(*chars){*tmp++ = *chars++;}*tmp = '\0';printf("StrAssign()函数执行，串T生成成功\n");return true;}//2.StrCopy(&T, S)bool StrCopy(HString &T, HString Str){if (!Str.ch){printf("StrCopy()函数执行，被拷贝串不存在，程序即将退出\n");system("pause");exit(0);}if (T.ch){delete[] T.ch;}T.length = Str.length;T.ch = new char[T.length + 1];if (!T.ch){printf("StrCopy()函数执行，内存分配失败，程序即将退出\n");system("pause");exit(-1);}char *tmp = T.ch;while(*Str.ch){*tmp++ = *Str.ch++;}*tmp = '\0';printf("StrCopy函数执行，串拷贝成功\n");return true;}//3.StrEmpty(S)bool StrEmpty(HString Str){if (!Str.ch){printf("StrEmpty()函数执行，串不存在，程序即将退出\n");system("pause");exit(0);}else{if (!Str.length){printf("StrEmpty()函数执行，串为空\n");return true;} else{printf("StrEmpty()函数执行，串非空\n");return false;}}}//4.StrCompare(S, T)int StrCompare(HString Str, HString T){if ((!T.ch)||(!Str.ch)){printf("StrCompare()函数执行，程序即将退出\n");system("pause");exit(0);}int flag = 0;for (int i = 0; (i < Str.length)&&(i < T.length); ++i){if (*(T.ch + i) != *(Str.ch + i)){flag = *(Str.ch + i) - *(T.ch + i);break;}}if (0 == flag){flag = Str.length - T.length;}printf("StrCompare()函数执行，比较的返回值为： %d \n", flag);return flag;}//5.StrLength(S)int Strlength(HString Str){if (!Str.ch){printf("Strlength()函数执行，串不存在，程序即将退出\n");system("pause");exit(0);}printf("Strlength()函数执行，返回的串的长度为： %d \n", Str.length);return Str.length;}//6.ClearString(&S)bool ClearString(HString &Str){if (Str.ch){delete[] Str.ch;}else{printf("ClearString()函数执行，串不存在，程序即将退出\n");system("pause");exit(0);}Str.ch = new char[1];*Str.ch = '\0';Str.length = 0;printf("ClearString()函数执行，串已清空\n");return true;}//7.Concat(&T, S1, S2)bool Concat(HString &T, HString S1, HString S2){if (T.ch){delete[] T.ch;}T.length = S1.length + S2.length;T.ch = new char[T.length + 1];if (!T.ch){printf("Concat()函数执行，内存分配失败，程序即将退出\n");system("pause");exit(-1);}char *tmp = T.ch;while(*S1.ch){*tmp++ = *S1.ch++;}while(*S2.ch){*tmp++ = *S2.ch++;}*tmp = '\0';printf("Concat()函数执行，串链接成功\n");return true;}//8.SubString(&Sub, S, pos, len)bool SubString(HString &Sub, HString Str, int pos, int len){if (Sub.ch){delete[] Sub.ch;}if (!Str.ch){printf("SubString()函数执行，串为空，程序即将退出\n");system("pause");exit(0);}if ((pos < 1)||(pos > Str.length)||(len < 0)||(len > Str.length - pos +1)){printf("SubString()函数执行，参数pos和len有错误，获取字串失败\n");Sub.ch = new char[1];*Sub.ch = '\0';Sub.length = 0;return false;}Sub.ch = new char[len + 1];char *tmp = Sub.ch;for(int i = 1; i != pos; ++i){Str.ch++;}for(int i = 0; i != len; ++i){*tmp++ = *Str.ch++;}*tmp = '\0';printf("SubString()函数执行，字串获取成功\n");return true;}//9.Index(S, T, pos)int Index(HString Str, HString T, int pos){if (!Str.ch||!T.ch||(0 == T.length)){printf("Index()函数执行，串不存在或为空串，程序即将退出\n");system("pause");exit(0);}if ((pos < 1)||(pos > Str.length)){printf("Index()函数执行，pos参数错误\n");return 0;}for(int i = 1; i != pos; ++i){++Str.ch;}for (int i = pos; i != Str.length - T.length + 2; ++i){if (*Str.ch == *T.ch){bool flag = true;char *Stmp = Str.ch;char *Ttmp = T.ch;while(*Ttmp){if (*Ttmp++ != *Stmp++){flag = false;break;}}if (flag){printf("Index()函数执行，主串S第%d个字符之后第一次出现与串T相同的字串的位置为：%d\n", pos, i);return i;}} Str.ch++;}printf("Index()函数执行，主串第%d个字符之后未找到与串T相同的字串\n", pos);return 0;}//10.Replace(&S, T, V)bool Replace(HString &Str, HString T, HString V){if ((!Str.ch)||(!T.ch)||(!V.ch)||(0 == T.length)){printf("Replace()函数执行，串不存在或为空，程序即将退出\n");system("pause");exit(0);}int pos = Index(Str, T, 1);while(pos){int nlength = Str.length - T.length + V.length;char *ctemp = new char[nlength + 1];if (!ctemp){printf("Replace()函数执行，内存分配失败，程序即将退出\n");system("pause");exit(-1);}char *tmp = ctemp;char *stmp = Str.ch;char *vtmp = V.ch;for (int i = 1; i != pos; ++i){*tmp++ = *stmp++;}for (int i = 0; i != T.length; ++i){++stmp;}for (int i = 0; i != V.length; ++i){*tmp++ = *vtmp++;}while(*stmp){*tmp++ = *stmp++;}*tmp = '\0';delete Str.ch;Str.length = nlength;Str.ch = ctemp;pos = Index(Str, T, pos + V.length);}printf("Replace()函数执行，子串替代成功\n");return true;}//11.StrInsert(&S, pos, T)bool StrInsert(HString &Str, int pos, HString T){if ((pos < 1)||(pos > Str.length + 1)||(NULL == T.ch)){printf("StrInsert()函数执行，pos参数错误或串不存在\n");return false;}int nlength = Str.length + T.length;char *ctemp = new char[nlength + 1];if (!ctemp){printf("StrInsert()函数执行，内存分配失败，程序即将退出\n");system("pause");exit(-1);}char *tmp = ctemp;char *stmp = Str.ch;for (int i = 1; i != pos; ++i){*tmp++ = *stmp++;}while(*T.ch){*tmp++ = *T.ch++;}while(*stmp){*tmp++ = *stmp++;}*tmp = '\0';delete[] Str.ch;Str.ch = ctemp;Str.length = nlength;printf("StrInsert()函数执行，在主串第 %d 个字符前插入字串成功\n", pos);return true;}//12.StrDelete(&S, pos, len)bool StrDelete(HString &Str, int pos, int len){if ((pos < 1)||(pos > Str.length - len + 1)){printf("StrDelete()函数执行，输入参数错误\n");return false;}int nlength = Str.length - len;char *ctemp = new char[nlength + 1];if (!ctemp){printf("StrDelete()函数执行，内存分配失败，程序即将退出\n");system("pause");exit(-1);}char *tmp = ctemp;char *stmp = Str.ch;for (int i = 1; i != pos; ++i){*tmp++ = *stmp++;}for (int i = 0; i != len; ++i){++stmp;}while(*stmp){*tmp++ = *stmp++;}*tmp = '\0';delete[] Str.ch;Str.ch = ctemp;Str.length = nlength;printf("StrDelete()函数执行，指定位置 %d 和长度 %d 的子串删除成功\n", pos, len);return true;}//13.DestroyString(&S)bool DestoryString(HString &Str){if (Str.ch){delete[] Str.ch;}Str.ch = NULL;Str.length = 0;printf("DestoryString()函数执行，串销毁成功\n");return true;}//14.PrintString(T)bool PrintString(HString T){if (!T.ch){printf("PrintString()函数执行，串不存在\n");return false;}else{printf("PrintString()函数执行，串的长度为 %d ，打印结果如下：", T.length);while(*T.ch){printf("%c", *T.ch++);}printf("\n");return true;}}//15.InitString(&T)bool InitString(HString &T){T.ch = NULL;T.length = 0;return true;}int main(){HString T, T1, T2;InitString(T);InitString(T1);InitString(T2);char *test = "abc abc abc abc a";char *test1 = "a";char *test2 = "/Here/";StrAssign(T, test);PrintString(T);StrAssign(T1, test1);PrintString(T1);StrAssign(T2, test2);PrintString(T2);//TODO:DestoryString(T);DestoryString(T1);DestoryString(T2);system("pause");return 0;}