PyQt基本操作

PyQt的简介和基本安装方法读者可以自行google解决。先声明，本文章教基础，参考《征服Python》相关章节。不过不得不说，pyQt的教程真的好少，╮(╯▽╰)╭，悲催，大家有什么好的资料推荐一下，谢谢了。

先建立一个基本的界面看看：

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importsys

fromPyQt4import QtCore, QtGui

classMyWindow( QtGui.QMainWindow ):

    def__init__(self):

        QtGui.QMainWindow.__init__(self)

        self.setWindowTitle("PyQt")

        self.resize(300,200)

app=QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )

mywindow=MyWindow()

mywindow.show()

app.exec_()

    

 运行结果：

然后我们添加一个标签：

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#coding=utf-8

#标签的使用

importsys

fromPyQt4importQtCore, QtGui

classWindow( QtGui.QMainWindow ):

    def__init__(self):

        super( Window, self).__init__()

        self.setWindowTitle("hello")

        self.resize(200,300)

        #添加标签

        label=QtGui.QLabel("label")

        label.setAlignment( QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter )

        self.setCentralWidget( label )

app=QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )

demo=Window()

demo.show()

app.exec_()

 效果如下：

基本布局：

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#coding=gbk

importsys

fromPyQt4importQtCore, QtGui

classWindow( QtGui.QWidget ):

    def__init__(self):

        super( Window, self).__init__()

        self.setWindowTitle("hello")

        self.resize(500,500)

         

        hBoxLayout1=QtGui.QHBoxLayout()

         

        label1=QtGui.QLabel("Label1")

        label2=QtGui.QLabel("Label2")

        label3=QtGui.QLabel("Label3")

        label4=QtGui.QLabel("Label4")

        label5=QtGui.QLabel("Label5")

        #---------添加表格布局

        gridLayout=QtGui.QGridLayout()

          

        gridLayout.addWidget( label1 , 0,0)

        gridLayout.addWidget( label2 , 0,1)

        gridLayout.addWidget( label3 , 0,2)

        gridLayout.addWidget( label4 , 1,0)

        gridLayout.addWidget( label5 , 1,1)

          

        self.setLayout( gridLayout )       

#-------添加水平布局

#        hBoxLayout1.addWidget( label1 )

#        hBoxLayout1.addWidget( label2 )

#        hBoxLayout1.addWidget( label3 )

#        hBoxLayout1.addWidget( label4 )

#        hBoxLayout1.addWidget( label5 )

#       

#        self.setLayout( hBoxLayout1 )

 

#---------添加垂直布局

#        vBoxLayout = QtGui.QVBoxLayout()

#        vBoxLayout.addWidget( label1 )

#        vBoxLayout.addWidget( label2 )

#        vBoxLayout.addWidget( label3 )

#        vBoxLayout.addWidget( label4 )

#        vBoxLayout.addWidget( label5 )

#       

#        self.setLayout( vBoxLayout )

#       

 

 

app=QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )

demo=Window()

demo.show()

app.exec_()

 效果：

按钮基本使用

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#coding=utf-8

#按钮操作

 

importsys

fromPyQt4importQtGui, QtCore

classWindow( QtGui.QWidget ):

    def__init__(self):

        super( Window, self).__init__()

        self.setWindowTitle("hello")

        self.resize(500,500)

        gridlayout=QtGui.QGridLayout()

         

        button1=QtGui.QPushButton("button1")

        gridlayout.addWidget( button1, 0,0,1,3)

         

        button2=QtGui.QPushButton("button2")

        button2.setFlat(True)

        gridlayout.addWidget( button2, 1,1,1,3)

        self.setLayout( gridlayout )

app=QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )

demo=Window()

demo.show()

app.exec_()

 

不过按钮2当你点击的时候才显示出来哦

现在看看单行文本和多行文本

?

#coding=utf-8

importsys

fromPyQt4importQtGui, QtCore

classWindow( QtGui.QWidget ):

    def__init__(self):

        super( Window, self).__init__()

        self.setWindowTitle("hello")

        self.resize(500,500)

         

        gridlayout=QtGui.QGridLayout()

         

        str="hello"  #这里中文乱码，纠结

        label=QtGui.QLabel(str)

        label.setAlignment( QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter )

         

        textFile=QtGui.QLineEdit()

        gridlayout.addWidget( label, 0,0)

        gridlayout.addWidget( textFile )

         

        passwordFile=QtGui.QLineEdit()

        passwordFile.setEchoMode( QtGui.QLineEdit.Password )

        gridlayout.addWidget( passwordFile )

         

        textArea=QtGui.QTextEdit()

        textArea.setText("asdasda")

        gridlayout.addWidget( textArea )

         

         

        self.setLayout( gridlayout )

app=QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )

window=Window()

window.show()

app.exec_()

 

单选和复选框

?

importsys

fromPyQt4importQtGui, QtCore

classWindow( QtGui.QWidget ):

    def__init__(self):

        super( Window, self).__init__()

        self.setWindowTitle("hello")

        self.resize(500,500)

        hboxlayout=QtGui.QHBoxLayout()

         

        self.radio1=QtGui.QRadioButton("radio1")

        self.radio2=QtGui.QRadioButton("radio2")

        self.radio3=QtGui.QRadioButton("radio3")

        self.radio1.setChecked(True)

         

        hboxlayout.addWidget(self.radio1 )

        hboxlayout.addWidget(self.radio2 )

        hboxlayout.addWidget(self.radio3 )

         

        checkbox1=QtGui.QCheckBox("checkbox1")

        checkbox2=QtGui.QCheckBox("checkbox2")

        checkbox3=QtGui.QCheckBox("checkbox3")

        checkbox1.setChecked(True)

         

        hboxlayout.addWidget( checkbox1 )

        hboxlayout.addWidget( checkbox2 )

        hboxlayout.addWidget( checkbox3 )

 

        self.button=QtGui.QPushButton("Ok")

        hboxlayout.addWidget(self.button )

         

        self.connect(self.button, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()'),self.OnButton )

         

        self.setLayout( hboxlayout )

    defOnButton(self):

        ifself.radio2.isChecked():

            self.radio2.setText("haha")

         

app=QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )

win=Window()

win.show()

app.exec_()

 

现在看看菜单：

?

#coding=utf-8

#菜单事件

importsys

fromPyQt4importQtGui, QtCore

classWindow( QtGui.QMainWindow ):

    def__init__(self):

        super( Window, self).__init__()

        self.setWindowTitle("hello")

        self.resize(500,500)

         

         

         

        menubar=self.menuBar()

        self.file=menubar.addMenu( '&File')

        open=self.file.addAction('Open')

        self.connect(open, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'triggered()'),self.OnOpen )

         

        save=self.file.addAction('Save')

        self.connect( save, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'triggered()'),self.OnSave )

        self.file.addSeparator()

        close=self.file.addAction("Close")

        self.connect( close, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'triggered()'),self.OnClose )

         

        self.label=QtGui.QLabel("this is a  google test" )

        self.label.setAlignment( QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter )

        self.setCentralWidget(self.label )

         

    defOnOpen(self):

        self.label.setText("open")

    defOnSave(self):

        self.label.setText("save")

    defOnClose(self):

        self.close()

    defcontextMenuEvent(self, event ):

       self.file.exec_( event.globalPos() )

app=QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )

win=Window()

win.show()

app.exec_()

 

点击右键也可以看看哦

现在是对话框的代码：

?

#coding=utf-8

#对话框

importsys

fromPyQt4importQtGui, QtCore

classWindow( QtGui.QWidget ):

    def__init__(self):

        super( Window, self).__init__()

        self.setWindowTitle("hello")

        self.resize(500,500)

         

        gridlayout=QtGui.QGridLayout()

         

        self.AboutButton=QtGui.QPushButton("About")

        gridlayout.addWidget(self.AboutButton,0,0)

        self.AboutQtButton=QtGui.QPushButton("AboutQt")

        gridlayout.addWidget(self.AboutQtButton,0,1)

        self.CriticalButton=QtGui.QPushButton("CriticalButton")

        gridlayout.addWidget(self.CriticalButton,1,0)

        self.InfoButton=QtGui.QPushButton("Info")

        gridlayout.addWidget(self.InfoButton,1,1)

        self.QuestionButton=QtGui.QPushButton("Question")

        gridlayout.addWidget(self.QuestionButton,2,0)

        self.WarningButton=QtGui.QPushButton("Warning")

        gridlayout.addWidget(self.WarningButton,2,1)

         

        spacer=QtGui.QSpacerItem(200,80)

        gridlayout.addItem( spacer, 3,1,1,5)

        self.setLayout( gridlayout )

         

        self.connect(self.AboutButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()'),self.OnAboutButton )

        self.connect(self.AboutQtButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()'),self.OnAboutQtButton )

        self.connect(self.CriticalButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()'),self.OnCriticalButton )

        self.connect(self.InfoButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()'),self.OnInfoButton )

        self.connect(self.QuestionButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()'),self.OnQuestionButton )

        self.connect(self.WarningButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()'),self.OnWarningButton )

         

    defOnAboutButton(self):

        QtGui.QMessageBox.about(self,'PyQt',"About")

         

    defOnAboutQtButton(self):

        QtGui.QMessageBox.aboutQt(self,"PyQt")

         

    defOnCriticalButton(self):

        r=QtGui.QMessageBox.critical(self,"PyQT","CriticalButton", QtGui.QMessageBox.Abort,

                                   QtGui.QMessageBox.Retry, QtGui.QMessageBox.Ignore )

        ifr==QtGui.QMessageBox.Abort:

            self.setWindowTitle("Abort")

        elifr==QtGui.QMessageBox.Retry:

            self.setWindowTitle("Retry")

        elifr==QtGui.QMessageBox.Ignore:

            self.setWindowTitle("Ignore")

        else:

            pass

         

    defOnInfoButton(self):

        QtGui.QMessageBox.information(self,"Pyqt","information")

         

    defOnQuestionButton(self):

        r=QtGui.QMessageBox.question(self,"PyQt","Question", QtGui.QMessageBox.Yes, QtGui.QMessageBox.No, QtGui.QMessageBox.Cancel )

         

    defOnWarningButton(self):

        r=QtGui.QMessageBox.warning(self,"PyQT","warning", QtGui.QMessageBox.Yes, QtGui.QMessageBox.No )

     

         

app=QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )

win=Window()

win.show()

app.exec_()

 

现在是文件选择，字体选择，颜色选择框：

?

#coding=utf-8

importsys

fromPyQt4importQtGui, QtCore

classWindow( QtGui.QWidget ):

    def__init__(self):

        super( Window, self).__init__()

        self.setWindowTitle("hello")

        self.resize(500,500)

         

        gridlayout=QtGui.QGridLayout()

         

        self.button1=QtGui.QPushButton("File")

        self.button2=QtGui.QPushButton("Font")

        self.button3=QtGui.QPushButton("Color")

        gridlayout.addWidget(self.button1 )

        gridlayout.addWidget(self.button2 )

        gridlayout.addWidget(self.button3 )

        spacer=QtGui.QSpacerItem(200,80)

        gridlayout.addItem( spacer, 3,1,1,3)

        self.setLayout( gridlayout )

         

        self.connect(self.button1, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()'),self.OnButton1 )

        self.connect(self.button2, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()'),self.OnButton2 )

        self.connect(self.button3, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()'),self.OnButton3 )

         

         

    defOnButton1(self):

        fileName=QtGui.QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self,'Open')

        ifnotfileName.isEmpty():

            self.setWindowTitle( fileName )   

         

    defOnButton2(self):

        font, ok =QtGui.QFontDialog.getFont()

        ifok:

            self.setWindowTitle( font.key() )

     

    defOnButton3(self):

        color=QtGui.QColorDialog.getColor()

        ifcolor.isValid():

            self.setWindowTitle( color.name() )

         

app=QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )

win=Window()

win.show()

app.exec_()

 

现在还是对话框：

?

#coding=utf-8

importsys

fromPyQt4importQtGui, QtCore

 

classMyDialog( QtGui.QDialog ):

    def__init__(self):

        super( MyDialog, self).__init__()

         

        self.setWindowTitle("Dialog")

        self.gridlayout=QtGui.QGridLayout()

         

        self.label=QtGui.QLabel("Please Input:" )

        self.textField=QtGui.QLineEdit()

        self.okButton=QtGui.QPushButton("OK")

        self.cancalButton=QtGui.QPushButton("Cancel")

         

        self.gridlayout.addWidget(self.label , 0,0)

        self.gridlayout.addWidget(self.textField , 0,1)

        self.gridlayout.addWidget(self.cancalButton , 0,2)

        self.gridlayout.addWidget(self.okButton , 0,3)

         

        self.connect(self.okButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()'),self.OnOk )

        self.connect(self.cancalButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()'),self.OnCancel )

         

        self.setLayout(self.gridlayout )

         

    defOnOk(self):

        self.text=self.textField.text()

        self.done(1)

    defOnCancel(self):

        self.done(0)

         

 

classWindow( QtGui.QWidget ):

    def__init__(self):

        super( Window, self).__init__()

        self.setWindowTitle("hello")

        self.resize(400,300)

         

        hboxlayout=QtGui.QGridLayout()

        self.creatDialogButton=QtGui.QPushButton("Create a new Dialog" )

        hboxlayout.addWidget(self.creatDialogButton )

        self.setLayout( hboxlayout )

         

        self.connect(self.creatDialogButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()'),self.OnButton )

         

    defOnButton(self):

        dialog=MyDialog()

        r=dialog.exec_()

        ifr:

            self.creatDialogButton.setText( dialog.text )

         

         

app=QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )

win=Window()

win.show()

app.exec_()

 

最后一个是利用Designer写的

利用他设计一个简单的界面，只有一个标签和一个文本框

代码如下：

?

#coding=utf-8

importsys

fromPyQt4importQtGui, QtCore, uic

 

classMyDialog( QtGui.QDialog ):

    def__init__(self):

        super( MyDialog, self).__init__()

        uic.loadUi("res.ui",self)

 

classMyWindow( QtGui.QWidget ):

    def__init__(self):

        super( MyWindow, self).__init__()

        self.setWindowTitle("hello")

        self.resize(300,200)

         

        gridlayout=QtGui.QGridLayout()

        self.button=QtGui.QPushButton("CreateDialog")

        gridlayout.addWidget(self.button )

        self.setLayout( gridlayout )

         

        self.connect(self.button, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()'),self.OnButtoN )

         

    defOnButtoN(self):

        dialog=MyDialog()

        r=dialog.exec_();

        ifr:

            self.button.setText( dialog.textField.text() )

         

app=QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )

demo=MyWindow()

demo.show()

app.exec_()