pyqt基本操作

PyQt的简介和基本安装方法读者可以自行google解决。先声明，本文章教基础，参考《征服Python》相关章节。不过不得不说，pyQt的教程真的好少，╮(╯▽╰)╭，悲催，大家有什么好的资料推荐一下，谢谢了。

先建立一个基本的界面看看：

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import sys

from PyQt4 import  QtCore, QtGui

class MyWindow( QtGui.QMainWindow ):

    def __init__( self ):

        QtGui.QMainWindow.__init__( self )

        self.setWindowTitle( "PyQt" )

        self.resize( 300, 200 )

app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )

mywindow = MyWindow()

mywindow.show()

app.exec_()

    

 运行结果：

然后我们添加一个标签：

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#coding=utf-8

#标签的使用

import sys

from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui

class Window( QtGui.QMainWindow ):

    def __init__( self ):

        super( Window, self ).__init__()

        self.setWindowTitle( "hello" )

        self.resize( 200, 300 )

        #添加标签

        label = QtGui.QLabel( "label" )

        label.setAlignment( QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter )

        self.setCentralWidget( label )

app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )

demo = Window()

demo.show()

app.exec_()

 效果如下：

基本布局：

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#coding=gbk

import sys

from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui

class Window( QtGui.QWidget ):

    def __init__( self ):

        super( Window, self ).__init__()

        self.setWindowTitle( "hello" )

        self.resize( 500, 500 )

         

        hBoxLayout1 = QtGui.QHBoxLayout()

         

        label1 = QtGui.QLabel( "Label1" )

        label2 = QtGui.QLabel( "Label2" )

        label3 = QtGui.QLabel( "Label3" )

        label4 = QtGui.QLabel( "Label4" )

        label5 = QtGui.QLabel( "Label5" )

        #---------添加表格布局

        gridLayout = QtGui.QGridLayout()

          

        gridLayout.addWidget( label1 , 0, 0 )

        gridLayout.addWidget( label2 , 0, 1 )

        gridLayout.addWidget( label3 , 0, 2 )

        gridLayout.addWidget( label4 , 1, 0 )

        gridLayout.addWidget( label5 , 1, 1 )

          

        self.setLayout( gridLayout )       

#-------添加水平布局

#        hBoxLayout1.addWidget( label1 )

#        hBoxLayout1.addWidget( label2 )

#        hBoxLayout1.addWidget( label3 )

#        hBoxLayout1.addWidget( label4 )

#        hBoxLayout1.addWidget( label5 )

#       

#        self.setLayout( hBoxLayout1 )

 

#---------添加垂直布局

#        vBoxLayout = QtGui.QVBoxLayout()

#        vBoxLayout.addWidget( label1 )

#        vBoxLayout.addWidget( label2 )

#        vBoxLayout.addWidget( label3 )

#        vBoxLayout.addWidget( label4 )

#        vBoxLayout.addWidget( label5 )

#       

#        self.setLayout( vBoxLayout )

#       

 

 

app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )

demo = Window()

demo.show()

app.exec_()

 效果：

按钮基本使用

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#coding=utf-8

#按钮操作

 

import sys

from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore

class Window( QtGui.QWidget ):

    def __init__( self ):

        super( Window, self ).__init__()

        self.setWindowTitle( "hello" )

        self.resize( 500, 500 )

        gridlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout()

         

        button1 = QtGui.QPushButton( "button1" )

        gridlayout.addWidget( button1, 0, 0, 1, 3 )

         

        button2 = QtGui.QPushButton( "button2" )

        button2.setFlat( True )

        gridlayout.addWidget( button2, 1, 1, 1, 3 )

        self.setLayout( gridlayout )

app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )

demo = Window()

demo.show()

app.exec_()

 

不过按钮2当你点击的时候才显示出来哦

现在看看单行文本和多行文本

#coding=utf-8

import sys

from PyQt4import QtGui, QtCore

class Window( QtGui.QWidget ):

    def __init__(self ):

        super( Window, self ).__init__()

        self.setWindowTitle("hello" )

        self.resize(500,500 )

         

        gridlayout= QtGui.QGridLayout()

         

        str = "hello"  #这里中文乱码，纠结

        label= QtGui.QLabel(str )

        label.setAlignment( QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter )

         

        textFile= QtGui.QLineEdit()

        gridlayout.addWidget( label, 0,0 )

        gridlayout.addWidget( textFile )

         

        passwordFile= QtGui.QLineEdit()

        passwordFile.setEchoMode( QtGui.QLineEdit.Password )

        gridlayout.addWidget( passwordFile )

         

        textArea= QtGui.QTextEdit()

        textArea.setText("asdasda" )

        gridlayout.addWidget( textArea )

         

         

        self.setLayout( gridlayout )

app= QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )

window= Window()

window.show()

app.exec_()

 

单选和复选框

import sys

from PyQt4import QtGui, QtCore

class Window( QtGui.QWidget ):

    def __init__(self ):

        super( Window, self ).__init__()

        self.setWindowTitle("hello" )

        self.resize(500,500 )

        hboxlayout= QtGui.QHBoxLayout()

         

        self.radio1= QtGui.QRadioButton("radio1" )

        self.radio2= QtGui.QRadioButton("radio2" )

        self.radio3= QtGui.QRadioButton("radio3" )

        self.radio1.setChecked(True )

         

        hboxlayout.addWidget(self.radio1 )

        hboxlayout.addWidget(self.radio2 )

        hboxlayout.addWidget(self.radio3 )

         

        checkbox1= QtGui.QCheckBox("checkbox1" )

        checkbox2= QtGui.QCheckBox("checkbox2" )

        checkbox3= QtGui.QCheckBox("checkbox3" )

        checkbox1.setChecked(True )

         

        hboxlayout.addWidget( checkbox1 )

        hboxlayout.addWidget( checkbox2 )

        hboxlayout.addWidget( checkbox3 )

 

        self.button= QtGui.QPushButton("Ok" )

        hboxlayout.addWidget(self.button )

         

        self.connect(self.button, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ),self.OnButton )

         

        self.setLayout( hboxlayout )

    def OnButton(self ):

        if self.radio2.isChecked():

            self.radio2.setText("haha" )

         

app= QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )

win= Window()

win.show()

app.exec_()

 

现在看看菜单：

#coding=utf-8

#菜单事件

import sys

from PyQt4import QtGui, QtCore

class Window( QtGui.QMainWindow ):

    def __init__(self ):

        super( Window, self ).__init__()

        self.setWindowTitle("hello" )

        self.resize(500,500 )

         

         

         

        menubar= self.menuBar()

        self.file = menubar.addMenu('&File' )

        open = self.file.addAction('Open' )

        self.connect(open, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'triggered()' ),self.OnOpen )

         

        save= self.file.addAction('Save' )

        self.connect( save, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'triggered()' ),self.OnSave )

        self.file.addSeparator()

        close= self.file.addAction("Close" )

        self.connect( close, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'triggered()' ),self.OnClose )

         

        self.label= QtGui.QLabel("this is a  google test" )

        self.label.setAlignment( QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter )

        self.setCentralWidget(self.label )

         

    def OnOpen(self ):

        self.label.setText("open" )

    def OnSave(self ):

        self.label.setText("save" )

    def OnClose(self ):

        self.close()

    def contextMenuEvent(self, event ):

       self.file.exec_( event.globalPos() )

app= QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )

win= Window()

win.show()

app.exec_()

 

点击右键也可以看看哦

现在是对话框的代码：

#coding=utf-8

#对话框

import sys

from PyQt4import QtGui, QtCore

class Window( QtGui.QWidget ):

    def __init__(self ):

        super( Window, self ).__init__()

        self.setWindowTitle("hello" )

        self.resize(500,500 )

         

        gridlayout= QtGui.QGridLayout()

         

        self.AboutButton= QtGui.QPushButton("About" )

        gridlayout.addWidget(self.AboutButton,0,0 )

        self.AboutQtButton= QtGui.QPushButton("AboutQt" )

        gridlayout.addWidget(self.AboutQtButton,0,1 )

        self.CriticalButton= QtGui.QPushButton("CriticalButton" )

        gridlayout.addWidget(self.CriticalButton,1,0 )

        self.InfoButton= QtGui.QPushButton("Info" )

        gridlayout.addWidget(self.InfoButton,1,1 )

        self.QuestionButton= QtGui.QPushButton("Question" )

        gridlayout.addWidget(self.QuestionButton,2,0 )

        self.WarningButton= QtGui.QPushButton("Warning" )

        gridlayout.addWidget(self.WarningButton,2,1 )

         

        spacer= QtGui.QSpacerItem(200,80 )

        gridlayout.addItem( spacer, 3,1,1,5 )

        self.setLayout( gridlayout )

         

        self.connect(self.AboutButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ),self.OnAboutButton )

        self.connect(self.AboutQtButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ),self.OnAboutQtButton )

        self.connect(self.CriticalButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ),self.OnCriticalButton )

        self.connect(self.InfoButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ),self.OnInfoButton )

        self.connect(self.QuestionButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ),self.OnQuestionButton )

        self.connect(self.WarningButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ),self.OnWarningButton )

         

    def OnAboutButton(self ):

        QtGui.QMessageBox.about(self,'PyQt',"About" )

         

    def OnAboutQtButton(self ):

        QtGui.QMessageBox.aboutQt(self,"PyQt" )

         

    def OnCriticalButton(self ):

        r= QtGui.QMessageBox.critical(self,"PyQT","CriticalButton", QtGui.QMessageBox.Abort,

                                   QtGui.QMessageBox.Retry, QtGui.QMessageBox.Ignore )

        if r== QtGui.QMessageBox.Abort:

            self.setWindowTitle("Abort" )

        elif r== QtGui.QMessageBox.Retry:

            self.setWindowTitle("Retry" )

        elif r== QtGui.QMessageBox.Ignore:

            self.setWindowTitle("Ignore" )

        else:

            pass

         

    def OnInfoButton(self ):

        QtGui.QMessageBox.information(self,"Pyqt","information" )

         

    def OnQuestionButton(self ):

        r= QtGui.QMessageBox.question(self,"PyQt","Question", QtGui.QMessageBox.Yes, QtGui.QMessageBox.No, QtGui.QMessageBox.Cancel )

         

    def OnWarningButton(self ):

        r= QtGui.QMessageBox.warning(self,"PyQT","warning", QtGui.QMessageBox.Yes, QtGui.QMessageBox.No )

     

         

app= QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )

win= Window()

win.show()

app.exec_()

 

现在是文件选择，字体选择，颜色选择框：

#coding=utf-8

import sys

from PyQt4import QtGui, QtCore

class Window( QtGui.QWidget ):

    def __init__(self ):

        super( Window, self ).__init__()

        self.setWindowTitle("hello" )

        self.resize(500,500 )

         

        gridlayout= QtGui.QGridLayout()

         

        self.button1= QtGui.QPushButton("File" )

        self.button2= QtGui.QPushButton("Font" )

        self.button3= QtGui.QPushButton("Color" )

        gridlayout.addWidget(self.button1 )

        gridlayout.addWidget(self.button2 )

        gridlayout.addWidget(self.button3 )

        spacer= QtGui.QSpacerItem(200,80 )

        gridlayout.addItem( spacer, 3,1,1,3 )

        self.setLayout( gridlayout )

         

        self.connect(self.button1, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ),self.OnButton1 )

        self.connect(self.button2, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ),self.OnButton2 )

        self.connect(self.button3, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ),self.OnButton3 )

         

         

    def OnButton1(self ):

        fileName= QtGui.QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self,'Open' )

        if not fileName.isEmpty():

            self.setWindowTitle( fileName )   

         

    def OnButton2(self ):

        font, ok = QtGui.QFontDialog.getFont()

        if ok:

            self.setWindowTitle( font.key() )

     

    def OnButton3(self ):

        color= QtGui.QColorDialog.getColor()

        if color.isValid():

            self.setWindowTitle( color.name() )

         

app= QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )

win= Window()

win.show()

app.exec_()

 

现在还是对话框：

#coding=utf-8

import sys

from PyQt4import QtGui, QtCore

 

class MyDialog( QtGui.QDialog ):

    def __init__(self ):

        super( MyDialog, self ).__init__()

         

        self.setWindowTitle("Dialog" )

        self.gridlayout= QtGui.QGridLayout()

         

        self.label= QtGui.QLabel("Please Input:" )

        self.textField= QtGui.QLineEdit()

        self.okButton= QtGui.QPushButton("OK" )

        self.cancalButton= QtGui.QPushButton("Cancel" )

         

        self.gridlayout.addWidget(self.label , 0,0 )

        self.gridlayout.addWidget(self.textField , 0,1 )

        self.gridlayout.addWidget(self.cancalButton , 0,2 )

        self.gridlayout.addWidget(self.okButton , 0,3 )

         

        self.connect(self.okButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ),self.OnOk )

        self.connect(self.cancalButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ),self.OnCancel )

         

        self.setLayout(self.gridlayout )

         

    def OnOk(self ):

        self.text= self.textField.text()

        self.done(1 )

    def OnCancel(self ):

        self.done(0 )

         

 

class Window( QtGui.QWidget ):

    def __init__(self ):

        super( Window, self ).__init__()

        self.setWindowTitle("hello" )

        self.resize(400,300 )

         

        hboxlayout= QtGui.QGridLayout()

        self.creatDialogButton= QtGui.QPushButton("Create a new Dialog" )

        hboxlayout.addWidget(self.creatDialogButton )

        self.setLayout( hboxlayout )

         

        self.connect(self.creatDialogButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ),self.OnButton )

         

    def OnButton(self ):

        dialog= MyDialog()

        r= dialog.exec_()

        if r:

            self.creatDialogButton.setText( dialog.text )

         

         

app= QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )

win= Window()

win.show()

app.exec_()

 

最后一个是利用Designer写的

利用他设计一个简单的界面，只有一个标签和一个文本框

代码如下：

#coding=utf-8

import sys

from PyQt4import QtGui, QtCore, uic

 

class MyDialog( QtGui.QDialog ):

    def __init__(self ):

        super( MyDialog, self ).__init__()

        uic.loadUi("res.ui",self )

 

class MyWindow( QtGui.QWidget ):

    def __init__(self ):

        super( MyWindow, self ).__init__()

        self.setWindowTitle("hello" )

        self.resize(300,200 )

         

        gridlayout= QtGui.QGridLayout()

        self.button= QtGui.QPushButton("CreateDialog" )

        gridlayout.addWidget(self.button )

        self.setLayout( gridlayout )

         

        self.connect(self.button, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ),self.OnButtoN )

         

    def OnButtoN(self ):

        dialog= MyDialog()

        r= dialog.exec_();

        if r:

            self.button.setText( dialog.textField.text() )

         

app= QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv )

demo= MyWindow()

demo.show()

app.exec_()