阿斯顿噶是个阿斯顿发大厦

本系列文章由@浅墨_毛星云 出品，转载请注明出处。  
文章链接： http://blog.csdn.net/poem_qianmo/article/details/26977557
作者：毛星云（浅墨）    微博：http://weibo.com/u/1723155442
知乎：http://www.zhihu.com/people/mao-xing-yun
邮箱： [e-mail]
写作当前博文时配套使用的OpenCV版本：
2.4.9




 本篇文章中，我们一起探讨了OpenCV中霍夫变换相关的知识点，以及了解了OpenCV中实现霍夫线变换的HoughLines、HoughLinesP函数的使用方法，实现霍夫圆变换的HoughCircles函数的使用方法。此博文一共有四个配套的简短的示例程序，其详细注释过的代码都在文中贴出，且文章最后提供了综合示例程序的下载。
先尝鲜一下其中一个示例程序的运行截图：








一、引言
 
在图像处理和计算机视觉领域中，如何从当前的图像中提取所需要的特征信息是图像识别的关键所在。在许多应用场合中需要快速准确地检测出直线或者圆。其中一种非常有效的解决问题的方法是霍夫（Hough）变换，其为图像处理中从图像中识别几何形状的基本方法之一，应用很广泛，也有很多改进算法。最基本的霍夫变换是从黑白图像中检测直线(线段)。这篇文章就将介绍OpenCV中霍夫变换的使用方法和相关知识。
 
 


二、霍夫变换概述


霍夫变换(Hough Transform)是图像处理中的一种特征提取技术，该过程在一个参数空间中通过计算累计结果的局部最大值得到一个符合该特定形状的集合作为霍夫变换结果。
霍夫变换于1962年由PaulHough首次提出，最初的Hough变换是设计用来检测直线和曲线，起初的方法要求知道物体边界线的解析方程，但不需要有关区域位置的先验知识。这种方法的一个突出优点是分割结果的Robustness,即对数据的不完全或噪声不是非常敏感。然而，要获得描述边界的解析表达常常是不可能的。　后于1972年由Richard Duda & Peter Hart推广使用，经典霍夫变换用来检测图像中的直线，后来霍夫变换扩展到任意形状物体的识别，多为圆和椭圆。霍夫变换运用两个坐标空间之间的变换将在一个空间中具有相同形状的曲线或直线映射到另一个坐标空间的一个点上形成峰值，从而把检测任意形状的问题转化为统计峰值问题。
 
霍夫变换在OpenCV中分为霍夫线变换和霍夫圆变换两种，我们下面将分别进行介绍。
 


 


三、霍夫线变换
 


3.1  OpenCV中的霍夫线变换
 


我们知道，霍夫线变换是一种用来寻找直线的方法. 在使用霍夫线变换之前, 首先要对图像进行边缘检测的处理，也即霍夫线变换的直接输入只能是边缘二值图像.
OpenCV支持三种不同的霍夫线变换，它们分别是：标准霍夫变换(Standard Hough Transform，SHT)和多尺度霍夫变换（Multi-Scale Hough Transform，MSHT）累计概率霍夫变换(Progressive Probabilistic Hough Transform ，PPHT)。
 
其中，多尺度霍夫变换（MSHT）为经典霍夫变换（SHT）在多尺度下的一个变种。累计概率霍夫变换(PPHT）算法是标准霍夫变换（SHT）算法的一个改进，它在一定的范围内进行霍夫变换，计算单独线段的方向以及范围，从而减少计算量，缩短计算时间。之所以称PPHT为“概率”的，是因为并不将累加器平面内的所有可能的点累加，而只是累加其中的一部分，该想法是如果峰值如果足够高，只用一小部分时间去寻找它就够了。这样猜想的话，可以实质性地减少计算时间。
 
在OpenCV中，我们可以用HoughLines函数来调用标准霍夫变换SHT和多尺度霍夫变换MSHT。
而HoughLinesP函数用于调用累计概率霍夫变换PPHT。累计概率霍夫变换执行效率很高，所有相比于HoughLines函数，我们更倾向于使用HoughLinesP函数。
 
总结一下，OpenCV中的霍夫线变换有如下三种：


<1>标准霍夫变换（StandardHough Transform，SHT），由HoughLines函数调用。
<2>多尺度霍夫变换（Multi-ScaleHough Transform，MSHT），由HoughLines函数调用。
<3>累计概率霍夫变换（ProgressiveProbabilistic Hough Transform，PPHT），由HoughLinesP函数调用。http://bbs.hers.com.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=1907040&do=album&picid=2352588
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