C# Distinct方法的使用笔记

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      从C# 3.0开始提供了Distinct方法,这对于集合的使用有了更为丰富的方法,经过在网上搜索相应的资源,发现有关这方面的写的好的文章还是不少的。而且为了扩展Linq的使用不方便的地方,有一些办法非常有效。由于本人工作中的需要,有一些功能暂时没有用到那么深入,现在只把最简单的一些功能分享出来,整理出来。

  1. 简单一维集合的使用:

    List<int> ages = new List<int> { 21, 46, 46, 55, 17, 21, 55, 55 };List<string> names = new List<string> { "wang", "li", "zhang", "li", "wang", "chen", "he", "wang" };IEnumerable<int> distinctAges = ages.Distinct();Console.WriteLine("Distinct ages:");foreach (int age in distinctAges){     Console.WriteLine(age);}var distinctNames = names.Distinct();Console.WriteLine("\nDistinct names:");foreach (string name in distinctNames){     Console.WriteLine(name);}

    • 在这段代码中,是最简单的Distinct()方法的使用。使用了集合接口IEnumerable,以及隐式类型var,至于这两种用法有什么区别,没有研究出来。
    • 但是如果象下面这样的代码,是错误的!

    List<int> disAge = ages.Distinct();

    • 正确的方法应该是:

    List<int> ages = new List<int> { 21, 46, 46, 55, 17, 21, 55, 55 };List<int> disAge = ages.Distinct().ToList();foreach (int a in disAge)     Console.WriteLine(a);

    • 也就是说Distinct()方法的返回集合类型是一个接口,不是具体的集合,所以需要用一个ToList()。
  2. 自定义类的使用:

    • 首先我们看MSDN上给出的例子,先定义一个产品类:

    public class Product : IEquatable<Product>{    public string Name { get; set; }    public int Code { get; set; }    public bool Equals(Product other)    {        //Check whether the compared object is null.        if (Object.ReferenceEquals(other, null)) return false;        //Check whether the compared object references the same data.        if (Object.ReferenceEquals(this, other)) return true;        //Check whether the products' properties are equal.        return Code.Equals(other.Code) && Name.Equals(other.Name);    }    // If Equals() returns true for a pair of objects     // then GetHashCode() must return the same value for these objects.    public override int GetHashCode()    {        //Get hash code for the Name field if it is not null.        int hashProductName = Name == null ? 0 : Name.GetHashCode();        //Get hash code for the Code field.        int hashProductCode = Code.GetHashCode();        //Calculate the hash code for the product.        return hashProductName ^ hashProductCode;    }}

    • 在主函数里,是这样用的:

    static void Main(string[] args){    Product[] products =     {        new Product { Name = "apple", Code = 9 },         new Product { Name = "orange", Code = 4 },         new Product { Name = "apple", Code = 9 },        new Product { Name = "lemon", Code = 12 }    };    //Exclude duplicates.    IEnumerable<Product> noduplicates =        products.Distinct();    foreach (var product in noduplicates)        Console.WriteLine(product.Name + " " + product.Code);}

    • 这样的输出是:

    /*    This code produces the following output:    apple 9     orange 4    lemon 12*/

    • 但是现在的问题是,如果我们把主函数里改成这样:

    static void Main(string[] args){    Product[] products =     {        new Product { Name = "Smallapple", Code = 9 },         new Product { Name = "orange", Code = 4 },         new Product { Name = "Bigapple", Code = 9 },        new Product { Name = "lemon", Code = 12 }    };    //Exclude duplicates.    IEnumerable<Product> noduplicates =        products.Distinct();    foreach (var product in noduplicates)        Console.WriteLine(product.Name + " " + product.Code);}

    • 这样的输出是:

    /*    This code produces the following output:    Smallapple 9     orange 4    Bigapple 9    lemon 12*/

    • 我们的问题是,如果想按Code来索引,想找出Code唯一的这些成员,那么这里就需要重新定义一个对Code比较的类,或者再扩展成泛型类,但是这样非常繁琐。
  3. 博客鹤冲天的改进办法(以下均转自这个博客)

    • 首先,创建一个通用比较的类,实现IEqualityComparer<T>接口:

    public class CommonEqualityComparer<T, V> : IEqualityComparer<T>{    private Func<T, V> keySelector;    public CommonEqualityComparer(Func<T, V> keySelector)    {        this.keySelector = keySelector;    }    public bool Equals(T x, T y)    {        return EqualityComparer<V>.Default.Equals(keySelector(x), keySelector(y));    }    public int GetHashCode(T obj)    {        return EqualityComparer<V>.Default.GetHashCode(keySelector(obj));    }}

    • 借助上面这个类,Distinct扩展方法就可以这样写:

    public static class DistinctExtensions{    public static IEnumerable<T> Distinct<T, V>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, V> keySelector)    {        return source.Distinct(new CommonEqualityComparer<T, V>(keySelector));    }}

    • 下面的使用就很简单了:

    Product[] products = {    new Product { Name = "Smallapple", Code = 9 },     new Product { Name = "orange", Code = 4 },     new Product { Name = "Bigapple", Code = 9 },    new Product { Name = "lemon", Code = 12 }};var p1 = products.Distinct(p => p.Code);foreach (Product pro in p1)    Console.WriteLine(pro.Name + "," + pro.Code);var p2 = products.Distinct(p => p.Name);foreach (Product pro in p2)    Console.WriteLine(pro.Name + "," + pro.Code);

    • 可以看到,加上Linq表达式,可以方便的对自定义类的任意字段进行Distinct的处理。
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