HTML5特性一览

来源：互联网发布：淘宝入住编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/06/05 03:46

原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/hamy/archive/2012/02/21/2362110.html

新的选择器

通过 class 定位元素 (DOM API)

var el = document.getElementByIdx_x_x('section1');
el.focus();

var els = document.getElementsByTagName_r('div');
els[0].focus();

var els = document.getElementsByClassName('section');
els[0].focus();

通过类似 css 选择器的语法定位元素 (Selectors API)

var els = document.querySelectorAll("ul li:nth-child(odd)");
var els = document.querySelectorAll("table.test > tr > td");

本地储存 - Web Storage

// use localStorage for persistent storage
// use sessionStorage for per tab storage
textarea.addEventListener('keyup', function () {
  window.localStorage['value'] = area.value;
  window.localStorage['timestamp'] = (new Date()).getTime();
}, false);
textarea.value = window.localStorage['value'];

本地数据库 - Web SQL Database

var db = window.openDatabase("Database Name", "Database Version");
db.transaction(function(tx) {
  tx.executeSql("SELECT * FROM test", [], successCallback, errorCallback);
});

Chrome中查看生成的数据库: 开发人员 > 开发人员工具 > Storage

文件缓存 - Application Cache API

window.applicationCache.addEventListener('checking', updateCacheStatus, false);

CACHE MANIFEST

# version 1

CACHE:
/html5/src/refresh.png
/html5/src/logic.js
/html5/src/style.css
/html5/src/background.png

让程序在后台运行 - Web Workers

main.js:
  var worker = new Worker(‘extra_work.js');
  worker.onmessage = function (event) { alert(event.data); }; 

extra_work.js:
  // do some work; when done post message.
  postMessage(some_data);

双向信息传输 - Web Sockets

var socket = new WebSocket(location);
socket.onopen = function(event) {
  socket.postMessage(“Hello, WebSocket”);
}
socket.onmessage = function(event) { alert(event.data); }
socket.onclose = function(event) { alert(“closed”); }

桌面提醒 - Notifications

if (window.webkitNotifications.checkPermission() == 0) {
  // you can pass any url as a parameter
  window.webkitNotifications.createNotification(tweet.picture, tweet.title, 
      tweet.text).show(); 
} else {
  window.webkitNotifications.requestPermission();
}

拖放操作 - Drag and drop

document.addEventListener('dragstart', function(event) {
   event.dataTransfer.setData('text', 'Customized text');
   event.dataTransfer.effectAllowed = 'copy';
}, false);

地理位置 - Geolocation

if (navigator.geolocation) {
  navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(function(position) {
    var lat = position.coords.latitude;
    var lng = position.coords.longitude;
    map.setCenter(new GLatLng(lat, lng), 13);
    map.addOverlay(new GMarker(new GLatLng(lat, lng)));    
  });
}

HTML新的语义标签

<</span>body>
  
    
      <</span>h1>Page title</</span>h1>
      <</span>h2>Page subtitle</</span>h2>
    </</span>hgroup>
  </</span>header>

  
   <</span>ul>
     Navigation...
   </</span>ul>
  </</span>nav>

  
   
     
       <</span>h1>Title</</span>h1>
     </</span>header>
     <</span>section>
       Content...
     </</span>section>
   </</span>article>

   <</span>article>
     <</span>header>
       <</span>h1>Title</</span>h1>
     </</span>header>
     <</span>section>
       Content...
     </</span>section>
   </</span>article>

   <</span>article>
     <</span>header>
       <</span>h1>Title</</span>h1>
     </</span>header>
     <</span>section>
       Content...
     </</span>section>
   </</span>article>
  </</span>section>

  
   Top links...
  </</span>aside>

  
   Copyright © 2009.
  </</span>footer>
</</span>body>

新的链接关系

<</span>link rel='alternate' type="application/rss+xml" href="http://myblog.com/feed" />
<</span>link rel='icon' href="/favicon.ico" />
<</span>link rel='pingback' href="http://myblog.com/xmlrpc.php">
<</span>link rel='prefetch' href="http://myblog.com/main.php">
...

<</span>a rel='archives' href="http://myblog.com/archives">old posts</</span>a>
<</span>a rel='external' href="http://notmysite.com">tutorial</</span>a>
<</span>a rel='license' href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">license</</span>a>
<</span>a rel='nofollow' href="http://notmysite.com/sample">wannabe</</span>a>
<</span>a rel='tag' href="http://myblog.com/category/games">games posts</</span>a>
...

微数据 - Microdata

<</span>div itemscope itemtype="http://example.org/band">
 <</span>p>My name is <</span>span itemprop='name'>Neil</</span>span>.</</span>p>
 <</span>p>My band is called <</span>span itemprop='band'>Four Parts Water</</span>span>.</</span>p>
 <</span>p>I am <</span>span itemprop='nationality'>British</</span>span>.</</span>p>
</</span>div>

无障碍富互联网应用程序属性 - ARIA attributes

<</span>ul id="tree1"
      role="tree" 
      tabindex="0" 
      aria-labelledby="label_1"
      > 
  <</span>li role="treeitem" tabindex="-1" aria-expanded="true">Fruits</</span>li> 
  <</span>li role="group"> 
    <</span>ul> 
      <</span>li role="treeitem" tabindex="-1">Oranges</</span>li> 
      <</span>li role="treeitem" tabindex="-1">Pineapples</</span>li>
      ...
    </</span>ul>
  </</span>li>
  </</span>ul>

新的表单元素类型

增强已有元素

UI方面:
              
<</span>input type='range' min='0' max='50' value='0' /> 
<</span>input results='10' type='search' /> 
<</span>input type='text' placeholder='Search inside' /> 

输入检查:(不符合条件的将显示红色背景)

<</span>style> :invalid { background-color: red; } </</span>style>
<</span>input type='color' /> 
<</span>input type='number' /> 
<</span>input type='email' /> 
<</span>input type='tel' /> 
etc...

新增的元素

<</span>meter>
<</span>progress>
<</span>output>
etc...

音频 + 视频 - Audio + Video

<</span>audio src="sound.mp3" controls></</span>audio>
document.getElementByIdx_x_x("audio").muted=false;

<</span>video src='movie.mp4' autoplay controls ></</span>video>
document.getElementByIdx_x_x("video").play();

图形绘制 - Canvas

<</span>canvas id="canvas" width="838" height="220"></</span>canvas>

<</span>script>
  var canvasContext = document.getElementByIdx_x_x("canvas").getContext("2d");
  canvasContext.fillRect(250, 25, 150, 100);
  
  canvasContext.beginPath();
  canvasContext.arc(450, 110, 100, Math.PI * 1/2, Math.PI * 3/2);
  canvasContext.lineWidth = 15;
  canvasContext.lineCap = 'round';
  canvasContext.strokeStyle = 'rgba(255, 127, 0, 0.5)';
  canvasContext.stroke();
</</span>script>

Canvas 3D (WebGL)

<</span>canvas id="canvas" width="838" height="220"></</span>canvas>

<</span>script>
  var gl = document.getElementByIdx_x_x("canvas").getContext("experimental-webgl");
  gl.viewport(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
  ...
</</span>script>

HTML5中的SVG

<</span>html>
  <</span>svg>
    <</span>circle id="myCircle" class="important" cx="50%" cy="50%" r="100" 
        fill="url(#myGradient)"
        onmousedown="alert('hello');"/>
  </</span>svg>
</</span>html>

CSS 选择器

奇/偶选择

.row:nth-child(even) {
  background: #dde;
}
.row:nth-child(odd) {
  background: white;
}

Image-like display

div {
  display: inline-block;
}

通过属性选择

input[type="text"] {
  background: #eee;
}

反选

:not(.box) {
  color: #00c; 
}            
:not(span) {
  display: block; 
}

以及一些其它的选择方法

h2:first-child { ... }

div.text > div { ... } 
h2 + header { ... }

显示本地没有的字体

@font-face { 
  font-family: 'Junction'; 
  src: url(Junction02.otf); 
}
@font-face { 
  font-family: 'LeagueGothic'; 
  src: url(LeagueGothic.otf); 
}
@font-face { 
  font-family: 'GG250'; 
  src: url(General250.otf); 
}

header {
  font-family: 'LeagueGothic';
}

文本溢出处理

div {
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
}

分栏显示

-webkit-column-count: 2;  
-webkit-column-rule: 1px solid #bbb;
-webkit-column-gap: 2em;

文本描边

div {
  -webkit-text-fill-color: black;
  -webkit-text-stroke-color: red;
  -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.00px;  
}

透明效果

color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.75);  
background: rgba(0, 0, 255, 0.75);

HSL(色相/饱和度/亮度)色彩模式

color: hsla(
  128,  
  75%,  
  33%,  
  1.00);

圆角效果

border-radius: 0px;

渐变效果

background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(#00abeb), to(white), color-stop(0.5, white), color-stop(0.5, #66cc00))

background: -webkit-gradient(radial, 430 50, 0, 430 50, 200, from(red), to(#000))

阴影效果

text-shadow: rgba(64, 64, 64, 0.5) 0px 0px 0px;
box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 128, 0.25) 3px 0px 0px;

制作一个LOGO，只需拖动滑动条

text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 0 0px 0px;  

background: 
  -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(rgba(200, 200, 240, 0)), to(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0))); 

border-radius: 0px;  

-webkit-box-reflect: below 10px
  -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(transparent), to(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)));

更强大的背景

背景的尺寸

#logo {
  background: url(logo.gif) center center no-repeat;
  background-size: 
    ;
}

多个背景

div {
  background: url(src/zippy-plus.png) 10px center no-repeat, 
              url(src/gray_lines_bg.png) 10px center repeat-x;
}

变换 - Transitions

#box.left {
  margin-left: 0;
}
#box.right {
  margin-left: 1000px;
}

document.getElementByIdx_x_x('box').className = 'left'; 
document.getElementByIdx_x_x('box').className = 'right';

#box {
  -webkit-transition: margin-left 1s ease-in-out;
}  

document.getElementByIdx_x_x('box').className = 'left'; 
document.getElementByIdx_x_x('box').className = 'right';

变换 - Transforms

-webkit-transform: rotateY(45deg);            
-webkit-transform: scaleX(25deg);            
-webkit-transform: translate3d(0, 0, 90deg);            
-webkit-transform: perspective(500px)

#threed-example {
  -webkit-transform: rotateZ(5deg);

  -webkit-transition: -webkit-transform 2s ease-in-out;
}
#threed-example:hover {
  -webkit-transform: rotateZ(-5deg);
}

动画效果

@-webkit-keyframes pulse {
 from {
   opacity: 0.0;
   font-size: 100%;
 }
 to {
   opacity: 1.0;
   font-size: 200%;
 }
}

div {
  -webkit-animation-name: pulse;
  -webkit-animation-duration: 2s;
  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: infinite;
  -webkit-animation-timing-function: ease-in-out;
  -webkit-animation-direction: alternate;
}

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