template and getchar()

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函数模板及重载函数模板

/* This is a studying of template of C++.**/#include <iostream>using namespace std;// To get the big one from two numbers.template <class type>type Sum(type a, type b){return a+b;}template<class type>type Max(type a, type b){if (a>b){return a;}else{return b;}}char * Max(char *a, char *b){if (strcmp(a,b)>0){return a;}else{return b;}}int main(void){int i;char a[20],b[20],sum[20];char *p;//a = NULL;//b = NULL;//sum = NULL;while(1){i = 0;cout<<"Please input two number to get the sum of the both : "<<endl<<"a=";//cin>>a;do {a[i] = getchar();i++;if (i>=20){break;}} while ((a[i-1]!='\n'));if (i>=20){a[19] = '\0';cout<<"We can only compare string less than 20 characters!sorry,overflow."<<endl;fflush(stdin);}elsea[i] = '\0';cout<<"b=";//cin>>b;i = 0;while((b[i]=getchar())!='\n'){i++;if (i>=20){break;}}if (i>=20){b[19] = '\0';cout<<"We can only compare string less than 20 characters!sorry,overflow."<<endl;fflush(stdin);}elseb[i] = '\0';//sum = Sum<float>(a,b);p = Max(a,b);cout<<"sum="<<p<<endl;}return 0;}

学习点：

1、模板的简单应用，注意书写方式；

2、getchar() ：是宏定义函数，返回字符ASCII码值

遇到此函数时，程序会等待键盘输入，而键盘输入会先保存在键盘缓冲区，遇到回车键才返回；

注意字符在数组里面组成字符串时需要‘\0’标识符；

比较字符是不是回车键时，不能用getchar()!=0x0D，而需要这种形式getchar()!='\n'，现在还不知道这种差别？=====>是因为应该是0x0A对应才对，sorry

系统类型

回车换行所用字符

Linux/Unix

\n = Newline = 0x0A = 10 = LF =Line Feed = 换行 = Ctrl + J

Mac

\r = Return = 0x0D = 13 = CR = Carriage Return = 回车 = Ctrl + M

Windows/Dos

\r \n = 0x0D 0x0A = CR LF = 回车换行

为了不产生数组溢出，使用了break跳出，这里要注意清空键盘缓冲区，否则会影响下条接收语句

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