C#创建、安装一个Windows服务

关于WIndows服务的介绍，之前写过一篇：http://blog.csdn.net/yysyangyangyangshan/article/details/7295739。可能这里对如何写一个服务不是很详细。现在纯用代码的形式介绍一下windows服务是如何开发和安装的。
开发环境：Win7 32位；工具：visualstudio2010。
因为win7自带的就有.net环境，算是偷一下懒吧。因为无论是手动安装或程序安装都要用到。一个目录（默认C盘为操作系统的情况）：C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework，如果你的代码是.net2.0：C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727；4.0：C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319。
下面看一下代码：
一、创建windows服务
如图新建一个Windows服务

进入程序如图

空白服务如下

[csharp] view plaincopyprint?

1. public partial class Service1 : ServiceBase 
2.    { 
3.        System.Threading.Timer recordTimer; 
4.  
5.  
6.        public Service1() 
7.        { 
8.            InitializeComponent(); 
9.        } 
10.  
11.  
12.        protected overridevoid OnStart(string[] args) 
13.        { 
14.        } 
15.  
16.  
17.        protected override void OnStop() 
18.        { 
19.        } 
20.    } 

 public partial class Service1 : ServiceBase    {        System.Threading.Timer recordTimer;        public Service1()        {            InitializeComponent();        }        protected override void OnStart(string[] args)        {        }        protected override void OnStop()        {        }    }

只要在OnStart里完成你的功能代码即可。本例中我们做一个定时向本地文件写记录的功能。
如图

创建一个类，用户写文件，

[csharp] view plaincopyprint?

1. public class FileOpetation 
2.    { 
3.        /// <summary> 
4.        /// 保存至本地文件 
5.        /// </summary> 
6.        /// <param name="ETMID"></param> 
7.        /// <param name="content"></param> 
8.        public staticvoid SaveRecord(string content) 
9.        { 
10.            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(content)) 
11.            { 
12.                return; 
13.            } 
14.  
15.  
16.            FileStream fileStream = null; 
17.  
18.  
19.            StreamWriter streamWriter = null; 
20.  
21.  
22.            try 
23.            { 
24.                string path = Path.Combine(System.AppDomain.CurrentDomain.SetupInformation.ApplicationBase,string.Format("{0:yyyyMMdd}", DateTime.Now)); 
25.  
26.  
27.                using (fileStream =new FileStream(path, FileMode.Append, FileAccess.Write)) 
28.                { 
29.                    using (streamWriter =new StreamWriter(fileStream)) 
30.                    { 
31.                        streamWriter.Write(content); 
32.  
33.  
34.                        if (streamWriter !=null) 
35.                        { 
36.                            streamWriter.Close(); 
37.                        } 
38.                    } 
39.  
40.  
41.                    if (fileStream !=null) 
42.                    { 
43.                        fileStream.Close(); 
44.                    } 
45.                } 
46.            } 
47.            catch { } 
48.        } 
49.    } 

 public class FileOpetation    {        /// <summary>        /// 保存至本地文件        /// </summary>        /// <param name="ETMID"></param>        /// <param name="content"></param>        public static void SaveRecord(string content)        {            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(content))            {                return;            }            FileStream fileStream = null;            StreamWriter streamWriter = null;            try            {                string path = Path.Combine(System.AppDomain.CurrentDomain.SetupInformation.ApplicationBase, string.Format("{0:yyyyMMdd}", DateTime.Now));                using (fileStream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Append, FileAccess.Write))                {                    using (streamWriter = new StreamWriter(fileStream))                    {                        streamWriter.Write(content);                        if (streamWriter != null)                        {                            streamWriter.Close();                        }                    }                    if (fileStream != null)                    {                        fileStream.Close();                    }                }            }            catch { }        }    }

那么在Service1中调用，

[csharp] view plaincopyprint?

1. public partial class Service1 : ServiceBase 
2.    { 
3.        System.Threading.Timer recordTimer; 
4.  
5.  
6.        public Service1() 
7.        { 
8.            InitializeComponent(); 
9.        } 
10.  
11.  
12.        protected overridevoid OnStart(string[] args) 
13.        { 
14.            IntialSaveRecord(); 
15.        } 
16.  
17.  
18.        protected overridevoid OnStop() 
19.        { 
20.            if (recordTimer != null) 
21.            { 
22.                recordTimer.Dispose(); 
23.            } 
24.        } 
25.  
26.  
27.        private void IntialSaveRecord() 
28.        { 
29.            TimerCallback timerCallback = new TimerCallback(CallbackTask); 
30.  
31.  
32.            AutoResetEvent autoEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false); 
33.  
34.  
35.            recordTimer = new System.Threading.Timer(timerCallback, autoEvent, 10000, 60000 * 10); 
36.        } 
37.  
38.  
39.        private void CallbackTask(Object stateInfo) 
40.        { 
41.            FileOpetation.SaveRecord(string.Format(@"当前记录时间：{0},状况：程序运行正常！", DateTime.Now)); 
42.        } 
43.    } 

 public partial class Service1 : ServiceBase    {        System.Threading.Timer recordTimer;        public Service1()        {            InitializeComponent();        }        protected override void OnStart(string[] args)        {            IntialSaveRecord();        }        protected override void OnStop()        {            if (recordTimer != null)            {                recordTimer.Dispose();            }        }        private void IntialSaveRecord()        {            TimerCallback timerCallback = new TimerCallback(CallbackTask);            AutoResetEvent autoEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);            recordTimer = new System.Threading.Timer(timerCallback, autoEvent, 10000, 60000 * 10);        }        private void CallbackTask(Object stateInfo)        {            FileOpetation.SaveRecord(string.Format(@"当前记录时间：{0},状况：程序运行正常！", DateTime.Now));        }    }

这样服务算是写的差不多了，下面添加一个安装类，用于安装。
如图，在service1上右键-添加安装程序，

如图，添加一个安装程序，

如图，添加完成后，

设置相应的属性，给serviceInstaller1设置属性，主要是描述信息。如图，

给serviceProcessInstaller1设置，主要是account。一般选localsystem，如图，

这样服务已经写好了。那么如何添加到windows服务里面去呢。除了之前说过的用CMD，InstallUtil.exe和服务的exe文件进行手动添加。这些可以用代码来实现的。当然主要过程都是一样的。代码实现也是使用dos命令来完成的。
二、代码安装Windows服务
上面写好的服务，最终生成的是一个exe文件。如图，

安装程序安装时需要用到这个exe的路径，所以方便起见，将这个生成的exe文件拷贝至安装程序的运行目录下。

安装代码，

[csharp] view plaincopyprint?

1. class Program 
2.     { 
3.         static void Main(string[] args) 
4.         { 
5.              Application.EnableVisualStyles(); 
6.  
7.  
8.             Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false); 
9.  
10.  
11.             string sysDisk = System.Environment.SystemDirectory.Substring(0,3); 
12.  
13.  
14.             string dotNetPath = sysDisk + @"WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\InstallUtil.exe";//因为当前用的是4.0的环境 
15.  
16.  
17.             string serviceEXEPath = Application.StartupPath+@"\MyFirstWindowsService.exe";//把服务的exe程序拷贝到了当前运行目录下，所以用此路径 
18.  
19.  
20.             string serviceInstallCommand =string.Format(@"{0}  {1}", dotNetPath, serviceEXEPath);//安装服务时使用的dos命令 
21.  
22.  
23.             string serviceUninstallCommand =string.Format(@"{0} -U {1}", dotNetPath, serviceEXEPath);//卸载服务时使用的dos命令 
24.  
25.  
26.             try 
27.             { 
28.                 if (File.Exists(dotNetPath)) 
29.                 { 
30.                     string[] cmd = new string[] { serviceUninstallCommand }; 
31.  
32.  
33.                     string ss = Cmd(cmd); 
34.  
35.  
36.                     CloseProcess("cmd.exe"); 
37.                 } 
38.  
39.  
40.             } 
41.             catch 
42.             { 
43.             } 
44.  
45.  
46.             Thread.Sleep(1000); 
47.  
48.  
49.             try 
50.             { 
51.                 if (File.Exists(dotNetPath)) 
52.                 { 
53.                     string[] cmd =new string[] { serviceInstallCommand }; 
54.  
55.  
56.                     string ss = Cmd(cmd); 
57.  
58.  
59.                     CloseProcess("cmd.exe"); 
60.                 } 
61.  
62.  
63.             } 
64.             catch 
65.             { 
66.  
67.  
68.             } 
69.  
70.  
71.             try 
72.             { 
73.                 Thread.Sleep(3000); 
74.  
75.  
76.                 ServiceController sc = new ServiceController("MyFirstWindowsService"); 
77.  
78.  
79.                 if (sc !=null && (sc.Status.Equals(ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped)) || 
80.  
81.  
82.                           (sc.Status.Equals(ServiceControllerStatus.StopPending))) 
83.                 { 
84.                     sc.Start(); 
85.                 } 
86.                 sc.Refresh(); 
87.             } 
88.             catch 
89.             { 
90.             } 
91.         } 
92.  
93.  
94.         /// <summary> 
95.         /// 运行CMD命令 
96.         /// </summary> 
97.         /// <param name="cmd">命令</param> 
98.         /// <returns></returns> 
99.         public staticstring Cmd(string[] cmd) 
100.         { 
101.             Process p = new Process(); 
102.             p.StartInfo.FileName = "cmd.exe"; 
103.             p.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false; 
104.             p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardInput = true; 
105.             p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true; 
106.             p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardError = true; 
107.             p.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = true; 
108.             p.Start(); 
109.             p.StandardInput.AutoFlush = true; 
110.             for (int i = 0; i < cmd.Length; i++) 
111.             { 
112.                 p.StandardInput.WriteLine(cmd[i].ToString()); 
113.             } 
114.             p.StandardInput.WriteLine("exit"); 
115.             string strRst = p.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd(); 
116.             p.WaitForExit(); 
117.             p.Close(); 
118.             return strRst; 
119.         } 
120.  
121.  
122.         /// <summary> 
123.         /// 关闭进程 
124.         /// </summary> 
125.         /// <param name="ProcName">进程名称</param> 
126.         /// <returns></returns> 
127.         public staticbool CloseProcess(string ProcName) 
128.         { 
129.             bool result =false; 
130.             System.Collections.ArrayList procList = new System.Collections.ArrayList(); 
131.             string tempName =""; 
132.             int begpos; 
133.             int endpos; 
134.             foreach (System.Diagnostics.Process thisProcin System.Diagnostics.Process.GetProcesses()) 
135.             { 
136.                 tempName = thisProc.ToString(); 
137.                 begpos = tempName.IndexOf("(") + 1; 
138.                 endpos = tempName.IndexOf(")"); 
139.                 tempName = tempName.Substring(begpos, endpos - begpos); 
140.                 procList.Add(tempName); 
141.                 if (tempName == ProcName) 
142.                 { 
143.                     if (!thisProc.CloseMainWindow()) 
144.                         thisProc.Kill(); // 当发送关闭窗口命令无效时强行结束进程 
145.                     result = true; 
146.                 } 
147.             } 
148.             return result; 
149.         } 
150.     } 

class Program    {        static void Main(string[] args)        {             Application.EnableVisualStyles();            Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);            string sysDisk = System.Environment.SystemDirectory.Substring(0,3);            string dotNetPath = sysDisk + @"WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\InstallUtil.exe";//因为当前用的是4.0的环境            string serviceEXEPath = Application.StartupPath+@"\MyFirstWindowsService.exe";//把服务的exe程序拷贝到了当前运行目录下，所以用此路径            string serviceInstallCommand = string.Format(@"{0}  {1}", dotNetPath, serviceEXEPath);//安装服务时使用的dos命令            string serviceUninstallCommand = string.Format(@"{0} -U {1}", dotNetPath, serviceEXEPath);//卸载服务时使用的dos命令            try            {                if (File.Exists(dotNetPath))                {                    string[] cmd = new string[] { serviceUninstallCommand };                    string ss = Cmd(cmd);                    CloseProcess("cmd.exe");                }            }            catch            {            }            Thread.Sleep(1000);            try            {                if (File.Exists(dotNetPath))                {                    string[] cmd = new string[] { serviceInstallCommand };                    string ss = Cmd(cmd);                    CloseProcess("cmd.exe");                }            }            catch            {            }            try            {                Thread.Sleep(3000);                ServiceController sc = new ServiceController("MyFirstWindowsService");                if (sc != null && (sc.Status.Equals(ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped)) ||                          (sc.Status.Equals(ServiceControllerStatus.StopPending)))                {                    sc.Start();                }                sc.Refresh();            }            catch            {            }        }        /// <summary>        /// 运行CMD命令        /// </summary>        /// <param name="cmd">命令</param>        /// <returns></returns>        public static string Cmd(string[] cmd)        {            Process p = new Process();            p.StartInfo.FileName = "cmd.exe";            p.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;            p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardInput = true;            p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;            p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardError = true;            p.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = true;            p.Start();            p.StandardInput.AutoFlush = true;            for (int i = 0; i < cmd.Length; i++)            {                p.StandardInput.WriteLine(cmd[i].ToString());            }            p.StandardInput.WriteLine("exit");            string strRst = p.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();            p.WaitForExit();            p.Close();            return strRst;        }        /// <summary>        /// 关闭进程        /// </summary>        /// <param name="ProcName">进程名称</param>        /// <returns></returns>        public static bool CloseProcess(string ProcName)        {            bool result = false;            System.Collections.ArrayList procList = new System.Collections.ArrayList();            string tempName = "";            int begpos;            int endpos;            foreach (System.Diagnostics.Process thisProc in System.Diagnostics.Process.GetProcesses())            {                tempName = thisProc.ToString();                begpos = tempName.IndexOf("(") + 1;                endpos = tempName.IndexOf(")");                tempName = tempName.Substring(begpos, endpos - begpos);                procList.Add(tempName);                if (tempName == ProcName)                {                    if (!thisProc.CloseMainWindow())                        thisProc.Kill(); // 当发送关闭窗口命令无效时强行结束进程                    result = true;                }            }            return result;        }    }

这段代码其实可以放在项目中的某个地方，或单独执行程序中，只好设置好dotNetPath和serviceEXEPath路径就可以了。

运行完后，如图，

再在安装目录下看记录的文件，

这样，一个windows服务安装成功了。

代码下载：http://download.csdn.net/detail/yysyangyangyangshan/6032671