Question 1
Dominance
1\ 2xyza1,22,25,1b4,13,53,3c5,24,47,0d2,30,43,0Find the strictly dominant strategy:
Your Answer | | Score | Explanation | 1) a; 2) b; 3) c;Correct1.00 4) d; 5) x; 6) y; 7) z Total 1.00 / 1.00 Question Explanation
(3)
c is a strictly dominant strategy.
- Because when 2 plays x or y or z, playing c always gives 1 a strictly higher payoff than playing a, b or d.
- None of the strategies is always strictly best for player 2.
Question 2
Dominance
1\ 2xyza1,22,25,1b4,13,53,3c5,24,47,0d2,30,43,0Find a very weakly dominant strategy that is not strictly dominant.
Your Answer | | Score | Explanation | 1) a; 2) b;Inorrect0.00 3) c; 4) d; 5) x; 6) y; 7) z Total 0.00 / 1.00 Question Explanation
(6)
y is a weakly dominant strategy that is not strictly dominant.
- Because when 1 plays a, b, c or d, playing y always gives 2 a weakly higher payoff than playing x or z.
- Note that it is only weakly higher when 1 plays a, as then playing x and y gives 2 the same payoff.
Question 3
Dominance
1\ 2xyza1,22,25,1b4,13,53,3c5,24,47,0d2,30,43,0When player 1 plays d, what is player 2's best response:
Your Answer | | Score | Explanation | a) Only x b) Only yCorrect1.00 c) Only z d) Both y and z Total 1.00 / 1.00 Question Explanation
(b) only y is a best response for player 2. When player 1 plays d, player 2 earns 3 from playing x, 4 from playing y and 0 from playing z. Thus only y is a best response.
Question 4
Dominance
1\ 2xyza1,22,25,1b4,13,53,3c5,24,47,0d2,30,43,0Find all strategy profiles that form pure strategy Nash equilibria (there may be more than one, or none):
Your Answer | | Score | Explanation | 1) (a, x);Correct0.08 2) (b, x);Correct0.08 3) (c, x);Correct0.08 4) (d, x);Correct0.08 5) (a, y);Correct0.08 6) (b, y);Correct0.08 7) (c, y);Correct0.08 8) (d, y);Correct0.08 9) (a, z);Correct0.08 10) (b, z);Correct0.08 11) (c, z);Correct0.08 12) (d, z).Correct0.08 Total 1.00 / 1.00 Question Explanation
(7) (c, y) is the only pure strategy Nash equilibria.
- Check that no one wants to deviate.
- Note that c is the strictly dominant strategy and so is the only possible strategy for player 1 in a pure strategy Nash equilibrium.
- When player 1 plays c, playing y gives player 2 the highest payoff.
Question 6
Nash Equilibrium - Bargaining
There are 2 players that have to decide how to split one dollar. The bargaining process works as follows. Players simultaneously announce the share they would like to receive s1 and s2, with 0≤s1,s2≤1. If s1+s2≤1, then the players receive the shares they named and if s1+s2>1, then both players fail to achieve an agreement and receive zero.
Which of the following strategy profiles is a pure strategy Nash equilibrium?
Your Answer | | Score | Explanation | a) (0.3, 0.7); b) (0.5, 0.5);Inorrect0.00 c) (1.0, 1.0); d) All of the above Total 0.00 / 1.00 Question Explanation
(d) is true.
- Check that no one wants to deviate.
- Note that when player i plays si<1, player j's best response is sj=1−si. This holds in a) and b). Thus, both players are best responding.
- .When player i plays si=1, player j's best response can be any number as she will get 0 no matter 1. Thus c) also forms a pure strategy NE.
Question 8
Voting - Three voters vote over two candidates (A and B), and each voter has two pure strategies: vote for A and vote for B.
- When A wins, voter 1 gets a payoff of 1, and 2 and 3 get payoffs of 0; when B wins, 1 gets 0 and 2 and 3 get 1. Thus, 1 prefers A, and 2 and 3 prefer B.
- The candidate getting 2 or more votes is the winner (majority rule).
Find all very weakly dominant strategies (there may be more than one, or none).
Your Answer | | Score | Explanation | a) Voter 1 voting for A.Correct0.25 b) Voter 1 voting for B.Correct0.25 c) Voter 2 (or 3) voting for A.Correct0.25 d) Voter 2 (or 3) voting for B.Inorrect0.00 Total 0.75 / 1.00 Question Explanation
(a) and (d) are (very weakly) dominant strategies.
- Check (b): for voter 1, voting for candidate A always results in at least as high a payoff as voting for candidate B and indeed is sometimes strictly better (when the other players vote for different candidates).
- When voters 2 and 3 vote for B, voter 1 is indifferent between A or B (since B will win anyways).
- When either 2 or 3 (or both) vote for A, voter 1 strictly prefers to vote for A than for B.
- Check (c): for voter 2, voting for candidate B is a very weakly dominant strategy.
- When voters 1 and 3 vote for A, voter 2 is indifferent between A or B (since A will win anyways).
- When either 1 or 3 (or both) vote for B, voter 2 strictly prefers to vote for B than for A.
- (b) and (c) can't be very weakly dominant strategies, since they sometimes do worse than the other strategy.
Question 9
Voting - Three voters vote over two candidates (A and B), and each voter has two pure strategies: vote for A and vote for B.
- When A wins, voter 1 gets a payoff of 1, and 2 and 3 get payoffs of 0; when B wins, 1 gets 0 and 2 and 3 get 1. Thus, 1 prefers A, and 2 and 3 prefer B.
- The candidate getting 2 or more votes is the winner (majority rule).
Find all pure strategy Nash equilibria (there may be more than one, or none)?
Your Answer | | Score | Explanation | a) All voting for A.Inorrect0.00 b) All voting for B.Inorrect0.00 c) 1 voting for A, and 2 and 3 voting for B.Correct0.25 d) 1 and 2 voting for A, and 3 voting for B.Correct0.25 Total 0.50 / 1.00 Question Explanation
(a), (b) and (c) are pure strategy Nash equilibria.
- It is easy to verify that (a), (b) and (c) are equilibria by checking that no voter wants to deviate:
- When all voters vote for the same candidate, no single voter has any incentives to deviate because his/her individual vote can't modify the outcome of the election.
- In (c), voter 1 is indifferent between candidates A and B, and voters 2 and 3 are best responding to the strategies played by the remaining voters (if voter 2 votes for A, candidate A wins; if voter 2 votes for B, candidate B wins).
- (d) is not an equilibrium, since voter 2 has incentives to deviate and vote for candidate B.