springMVC 注解实现实例 springMVC+ajax

springMVC 注解版本的工程搭建,web工程名字为:springMVC-study

1、首先在web.xml中加入springMVC的前端过滤器，DispatcherServlet. 这里的servlet-name就规定了springmvc的配置文件名字为springmvc-servlet.xml。

  <!--配置一个控制器 -->  <servlet>            <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>            <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>            <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup><!-- 表示在容器启动时就加载 -->  </servlet>  <servlet-mapping>            <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>            <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>  </servlet-mapping>

2、新建一个springmvc配置文件，名字为：springmvc-servlet.xml,并加入必要的配置。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"       xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"        xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"        xsi:schemaLocation="                http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans                http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd                http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx                http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd                     http://www.springframework.org/schema/context                http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd                http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop                http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd                http://www.springframework.org/schema/util                http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.0.xsd                    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc                 http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">       <!-- 启用注解 --><context:annotation-config/>           <!-- 自动扫描所有的包 -->              <context:component-scan base-package="com.springmvc"/> <mvc:annotation-driven  />     <!--Spring3.1开始的注解 HandlerMapping -->     <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping"/>     <!--Spring3.1开始的注解 HandlerAdapter -->     <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter"/>      <!-- 解析页面的规则  -->    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">         <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>         <property name="prefix" value="/jsp/"/>         <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>   <!--表示:/jsp/list.jsp -->    </bean>     <!-- 配置加载静态文件 -->    <mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**"/></beans>

3、编写一个前端控制器UserController，在Controller中的方法返回值不一定为ModelAndView，可以是任意的对象

package com.springmvc.controller;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseStatus;import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;import com.springmvc.domain.User;@Controller //@Controller这个注解用来标记这是个控制器，@RequestMapping("/user")//@RequestMapping这个注解可以标记在类上也可以标记在方法上，用来映射类或者方法public class UserController {         /*跳转到register.jsp*/        @RequestMapping("/addUI")        public ModelAndView addUserUI(){          ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView();        /*ModelAndView是一个类似于Map的，可以通过addObject("key","value"),这种方式去放值，在jsp页面可以通过EL表达式${key}拿到value*/          mv.addObject("key", "admin");          mv.setViewName("register");          return mv;        }        /*处理前台提交的参数，并跳转到list.jsp*/        @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)        public ModelAndView addUser(User user){                ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView();                mv.addObject("user","admin");                mv.setViewName("list");                return mv;        }   /*springMVC与Ajax整合*/        @RequestMapping(value="/ajax",method=RequestMethod.POST)        @ResponseStatus(OK)//        /*@ResponseBody该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象，通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后，写入到Response对象的body数据区        *返回的数据不是html标签的页面，而是其他某种格式的数据时（如json、xml等）使用；     */        @ResponseBody        public Map<Object, Object> spring_ajax(){                Map<Object, Object> map=new HashMap<Object, Object>();                map.put("name", "admin");                map.put("age", 1);                map.put("email", "admin2014@.com");                return map;        }}

这里用到一个User 对象

package com.springmvc.domain;public class User{        private Integer id;        private String userName;        private String age;        private String password;        private String email;        .....set与get方法......}

4、编写项目所需要的页面register.jsp与list.jsp，我们在WebContent下面建立一个jsp的folder,将register.jsp与list.jsp放入其中，然后在WebContent下再建立一个js文件夹，把jquery-1.11.1.js文件放入。

register.jsp页面:

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><%@taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jstl/core" %><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>用户注册</title></head><body><center><form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/add"  method="POST">用户名：  <input type="text" name="userName"/><br>用户年龄：<input type="text" name="age"><br>用户密码：<input type="password" name="password"/><br>用户邮箱：<input type="text" name="email"><br><input type="submit" value="注册"/></form></center></body></html>

list.jsp页面:

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>List User </title></head><body><%=request.getSession().getAttribute("user")%><br>This is list User page!<br><input type="button" value="ajax" id="btn"/><div id="div1"></div><script type="text/javascript" src="../js/jquery-1.11.1.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">$(document).ready(function(){        $("#btn").click(function(){           $.ajax({                   url:'./ajax',                   type:'POST',                   success:function(data){                          $("#div1").text(data.name+"  "+data.age+"   "+data.email);                   },              error:function(data){                   alert("fail");              }           });        });});</script></body></html>

5、通过访问:http://localhost:8080/springMVC-study/user/addUI 可以直接跳到register.jsp页面，按要求填好参数，点击注册按钮可以跳转到list.jsp页面。