c++ exception实例

c++ 标准异常：

/************************************************************************** * * stdexcept.cpp - Illustrate the use of C++ Standard Library exceptions. * * $Id: stdexcept.cpp 550991 2007-06-26 23:58:07Z sebor $ * *************************************************************************** * * Licensed to the Apache Software  Foundation (ASF) under one or more * contributor  license agreements.  See  the NOTICE  file distributed * with  this  work  for  additional information  regarding  copyright * ownership.   The ASF  licenses this  file to  you under  the Apache * License, Version  2.0 (the  "License"); you may  not use  this file * except in  compliance with the License.   You may obtain  a copy of * the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the  License is distributed on an  "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT  WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS  OF ANY  KIND, either  express or * implied.   See  the License  for  the  specific language  governing * permissions and limitations under the License. * * Copyright 1994-2005 Rogue Wave Software. *  **************************************************************************/#include <string>      // for string#include <stdexcept>   // for exception, runtime_error, out_of_range#include <iostream>    // for cout#include <conio.h>//stdexcept.cpp  c++标准异常类#ifndef _RWSTD_NO_EXCEPTIONSint main () {        // First we'll incite and catch an exception from the C++ Standard    // library class std::string by attempting to replace a substring    // starting at a position beyond the end of the string object.    try {        std::string ().replace (100, 1, 1, 'c');    }catch(int id){std::cout<<id<<std::endl;}    catch (std::out_of_range &e) {        // Print out the exception string, which in this implementation        // includes the location and the name of the function that threw        // the exception along with the reason for the exception.        std::cout << "Caught an out_of_range exception: "                  << e.what () << '\n';    }    catch (std::exception &e) {        std::cout << "Caught an exception of an unexpected type: "                  << e.what () << '\n';    }    catch (...) {        std::cout << "Caught an unknown exception\n";    }        // Throw another exception.    try {        throw std::runtime_error ("a runtime error");    }    catch (std::runtime_error &e) {        std::cout << "Caught a runtime_error exception: "                  << e.what () << '\n';    }    catch (std::exception &e) {        std::cout << "Caught an exception of an unexpected type: "                  << e.what () << '\n';    }     catch (...) {        std::cout << "Caught an unknown exception\n";    }   getch();    return 0;}#else   // if defined (_RWSTD_NO_EXCEPTIONS)int main () {        std::cout << "Exception support disabled.\n";getch();    return 0;}#endif   // _RWSTD_NO_EXCEPTIONS

VC MSDN上官方的__except例子

// exceptions_try_except_Statement.cpp// Example of try-except and try-finally statements#include <stdio.h>#include <windows.h> // for EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION#include <excpt.h>#include <conio.h>//VC MSDN上官方的__except例子int filter(unsigned int code, struct _EXCEPTION_POINTERS *ep) {puts("in filter.");if (code == EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION) {puts("caught AV as expected.");return EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER;}else {puts("didn't catch AV, unexpected.");return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;};}int main(){int* p = 0x00000000;   // pointer to NULLputs("hello");__try{puts("in try");__try{puts("in try");*p = 13;    // causes an access violation exception;}__finally{puts("in finally. termination: ");puts(AbnormalTermination() ? "\tabnormal" : "\tnormal");}}__except(filter(GetExceptionCode(), GetExceptionInformation())){puts("in except");}puts("world");getch();}

VC SEH

#include <stdio.h>#include <Windows.h>#include <exception>#include <conio.h>#define  CPPEX TRUEclass TestClass{public:~TestClass(){printf("Destroying TestClass!\r\n");}};__declspec(noinline) void TestCPPEX(){#ifdef CPPEXprintf("Throwing C++ exception\r\n");throw std::exception("");#elseprintf("Triggering SEH exception\r\n");volatile int *pInt = 0x00000000;*pInt = 20;#endif}__declspec(noinline) void TestExceptions(){TestClass d;TestCPPEX();}//http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/swezty51.aspx   /EHsc   /EHaint main(){__try{TestExceptions();}__except(EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER){printf("Executing SEH __except block\r\n");}getch();return 0;}

#include <conio.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <Windows.h>#include <tchar.h>#include <strsafe.h>void testTerminationHandler(){LPTSTR lpBuffer = NULL; CRITICAL_SECTION CriticalSection; InitializeCriticalSection(&CriticalSection);// EnterCriticalSection synchronizes code with other threads. EnterCriticalSection(&CriticalSection); __try{__try { printf("9 ");// Perform a task that may cause an exception. lpBuffer = (LPTSTR) LocalAlloc(LPTR, 10); StringCchCopy(lpBuffer, 10, TEXT("Hello"));_tprintf(TEXT("%s\n"),lpBuffer); LocalFree(lpBuffer); printf("11 ");}__finally { printf("10 ");// LeaveCriticalSection is called even if an exception occurred. LeaveCriticalSection(&CriticalSection); }}__except(1){printf("12 ");}//DeleteCriticalSection(&CriticalSection);}//http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms681409(v=vs.85).aspxBOOL SafeDiv(INT32 dividend, INT32 divisor, INT32 *pResult){__try { printf("6 ");*pResult = dividend / divisor; printf("8 ");} __except(GetExceptionCode() == EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO ? EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER : EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH){ printf("7 ");return FALSE;}return TRUE;} BOOL CheckForDebugger(){__try {printf("4 ");DebugBreak();//触发断点}__except(GetExceptionCode() == EXCEPTION_BREAKPOINT ? EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER : EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH) {// No debugger is attached, so return FALSE // and continue.printf("5 ");return FALSE;}return TRUE;}DWORD FilterFunction() { printf("1 ");                     // printed first return EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER; } VOID main(VOID) { __try { __try { RaiseException( 1,                    // exception code 0,                    // continuable exception 0, NULL);             // no arguments } __finally { printf("2 ");             // this is printed second } } __except ( FilterFunction() ) { printf("3\n");                // this is printed last } CheckForDebugger();INT32 n;SafeDiv(100,0,&n);testTerminationHandler();getch();// 1 2 3}

#include <windows.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <ctype.h>#include <conio.h>// NOTE: The CONTEXT structure contains processor-specific // information. This sample was designed for X86 processors.//addVectoredExceptionHandler constants://CALL_FIRST means call this exception handler first;//CALL_LAST means call this exception handler last#define CALL_FIRST 1  #define CALL_LAST 0LONG Sequence=1;LONG Actual[3];LONG WINAPI VectoredHandler1(struct _EXCEPTION_POINTERS *ExceptionInfo){UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(ExceptionInfo);Actual[0] = Sequence++;return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;}LONG WINAPI VectoredHandler2(struct _EXCEPTION_POINTERS *ExceptionInfo){UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(ExceptionInfo);Actual[1] = Sequence++;return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;}LONG WINAPI VectoredHandler3(struct _EXCEPTION_POINTERS *ExceptionInfo){UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(ExceptionInfo);Actual[2] = Sequence++;return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;}LONG WINAPI VectoredHandlerSkip1(struct _EXCEPTION_POINTERS *ExceptionInfo){PCONTEXT Context;Sequence++;Context = ExceptionInfo->ContextRecord;Actual[0] = 0xcc;#ifdef _AMD64_Context->Rip++;#elseContext->Eip++;#endif    return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_EXECUTION;}LONG WINAPI VectoredHandlerSkip2(struct _EXCEPTION_POINTERS *ExceptionInfo){PCONTEXT Context;Sequence++;Context = ExceptionInfo->ContextRecord;Actual[1] = 0xcc;#ifdef _AMD64_Context->Rip++;#elseContext->Eip++;#endif    return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_EXECUTION;}LONG WINAPI VectoredHandlerSkip3(struct _EXCEPTION_POINTERS *ExceptionInfo){PCONTEXT Context;Sequence++;Context = ExceptionInfo->ContextRecord;Actual[2] = 0xcc;#ifdef _AMD64_Context->Rip++;#elseContext->Eip++;#endif    return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_EXECUTION;}BOOL CheckTest(char *Variation,PLONG e,PLONG a){int i;BOOL Pass = TRUE;for(i=0;i<3;i++) {if (e[i] != a[i]) {if (Variation) {printf("%s Failed at %d Expected %d vs Actual %d\n", Variation, i, e[i], a[i]);}Pass = FALSE;}// Clear actual for next pass.a[i] = 0;}// Get ready for next pass.Sequence = 1;if (Variation) {printf("Variation %s %s\n", Variation, Pass ? "Passed" : "Failed");}return Pass;}void CheckAllClear(){LONG e[3];BOOL b = 0;e[0]=0;e[1]=0;e[2]=0;__try {RaiseException(1,0,0,NULL);}__except(EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER){b = CheckTest(NULL,e,Actual);}if (!b) {printf("Fatal error, handlers still registered.\n");}}void IllegalInst(){char *ptr = 0;*ptr = 0;}void Test1(){PVOID h1,h2,h3;LONG e[3];e[0]=1;e[1]=2;e[2]=3;h2 = AddVectoredExceptionHandler(CALL_FIRST,VectoredHandler2);h3 = AddVectoredExceptionHandler(CALL_LAST,VectoredHandler3);h1 = AddVectoredExceptionHandler(CALL_FIRST,VectoredHandler1);__try {RaiseException(1,0,0,NULL);}__except(EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER){CheckTest("Test1a",e,Actual);}RemoveVectoredExceptionHandler(h1);RemoveVectoredExceptionHandler(h3);RemoveVectoredExceptionHandler(h2);CheckAllClear();}void Test2(){PVOID h1,h2,h3;LONG e[3];e[0]=0xcc;e[1]=0;e[2]=0;h1 = AddVectoredExceptionHandler(1,VectoredHandlerSkip1);IllegalInst();CheckTest("Test2a",e,Actual);RemoveVectoredExceptionHandler(h1);CheckAllClear();e[0]=1;e[1]=2;e[2]=0xcc;h2 = AddVectoredExceptionHandler(CALL_FIRST,VectoredHandler2);h3 = AddVectoredExceptionHandler(CALL_LAST,VectoredHandlerSkip3);h1 = AddVectoredExceptionHandler(CALL_FIRST,VectoredHandler1);IllegalInst();CheckTest("Test2b",e,Actual);RemoveVectoredExceptionHandler(h1);RemoveVectoredExceptionHandler(h2);RemoveVectoredExceptionHandler(h3);CheckAllClear();e[0]=1;e[1]=0xcc;e[2]=0;h1 = AddVectoredExceptionHandler(CALL_LAST,VectoredHandler1);h2 = AddVectoredExceptionHandler(CALL_LAST,VectoredHandlerSkip2);h3 = AddVectoredExceptionHandler(CALL_LAST,VectoredHandler3);IllegalInst();CheckTest("Test2c",e,Actual);RemoveVectoredExceptionHandler(h1);RemoveVectoredExceptionHandler(h2);RemoveVectoredExceptionHandler(h3);CheckAllClear();e[0]=2;e[1]=0xcc;e[2]=1;h1 = AddVectoredExceptionHandler(CALL_LAST,VectoredHandler1);h3 = AddVectoredExceptionHandler(CALL_FIRST,VectoredHandler3);h2 = AddVectoredExceptionHandler(CALL_LAST,VectoredHandlerSkip2);__try {IllegalInst();}__except(EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER){// Should not make it to here.e[0]=0;e[1]=0;e[2]=0;CheckTest("Test2d-1",e,Actual);}CheckTest("Test2d-2",e,Actual);RemoveVectoredExceptionHandler(h1);RemoveVectoredExceptionHandler(h2);RemoveVectoredExceptionHandler(h3);CheckAllClear();}//Using a Vectored Exception Handler http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms681411(v=vs.85).aspxvoid main( ){Test1();Test2();getch();}