Hdu 2476 String painter(区间dp)

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题目链接

String painter

Time Limit: 5000/2000 MS (Java/Others)    Memory Limit: 32768/32768 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 1853    Accepted Submission(s): 820


Problem Description
There are two strings A and B with equal length. Both strings are made up of lower case letters. Now you have a powerful string painter. With the help of the painter, you can change a segment of characters of a string to any other character you want. That is, after using the painter, the segment is made up of only one kind of character. Now your task is to change A to B using string painter. What’s the minimum number of operations?
 

Input
Input contains multiple cases. Each case consists of two lines:
The first line contains string A.
The second line contains string B.
The length of both strings will not be greater than 100.
 

Output
A single line contains one integer representing the answer.
 

Sample Input
zzzzzfzzzzzabcdefedcbaababababababcdcdcdcdcdcd
 

Sample Output
67

题意:给两个长度相同的由小写字母组成的字符串A,B。一次操作,可以将A串的一个连续区间变成同一个字母,问把A串变成B串最少需要操作多少次?

题解:贪心的想,对于最优策略,每次操作的区间,只有包含关系,没有交叉的关系。也就是说对于原问题把区间[1,n]的串变成目标串的最少操作次数,假设我们的策略是操作区间[i,j],那么原问题就分割成子问题,求把区间[l,i-1]的串变成目标串的最少操作次数,求把区间[i,j]变成目标串的最少操作次数,求把区间[j+1,r]变成目标串的最少操作次数。也就是说一次操作可以,将原问题分割成几个小的子问题。而子问题是满足无后效性的。所以我们可以用动态规划解决。

用dp[l][r][0...25]表示对于区间[l,r] 该区间的字母全为a或b......z,把该状态变到变到目标状态的最小操作次数。

用dp[l][r][26] 表示对于区间[l,r] 该区间的字母为原A串中的字母,把该状态变到目标状态的最小操作次数。

对于每次操作,我们先解决该区间的第1个字母:

假设该区间的首字母和目标串的相同:

dp[l][r][x]=dp[l+1][r][x];

反之:

1,一次操作只将首字母变到目标状态:

dp[l][r][x]=dp[l+1][r][x]+1。

2,如果B[l]==B[i],我们一次操作可以把区间[l,i]变成字母B[l]:

dp[l][r][x]=dp[l+1][i-1][B[l]-'a]+dp[i+1][r][x]+1;

详情见代码:

#include<stdio.h>#include<iostream>#include<string.h>#include<algorithm>#include<string>#include<math.h>#define nn 110#define inff 0x3fffffff#define eps 1e-8typedef long long LL;const LL inf64=LL(inff)*inff;using namespace std;char a[nn],b[nn];int dp[nn][nn][27];bool check(int x,int y){    if(y==26)        return a[x]==b[x];    return b[x]-'a'==y;}int dfs(int l,int r,int s){    if(dp[l][r][s]!=-1)        return dp[l][r][s];    if(l>r)        return 0;    if(l==r)    {        if(check(l,s))            return dp[l][r][s]=0;        return dp[l][r][s]=1;    }    dp[l][r][s]=inff;    if(check(l,s))        return dp[l][r][s]=min(dp[l][r][s],dfs(l+1,r,s));    else        dp[l][r][s]=min(dp[l][r][s],dfs(l+1,r,s)+1);    int i;    for(i=l+1;i<=r;i++)    {        if(b[l]==b[i])        {            dp[l][r][s]=min(dp[l][r][s],dfs(l+1,i-1,b[l]-'a')+dfs(i+1,r,s)+1);        }    }    return dp[l][r][s];}int main(){    int i;    while(scanf("%s%s",a,b)!=EOF)    {        int len=strlen(a);        memset(dp,-1,sizeof(dp));        printf("%d\n",dfs(0,len-1,26));    }    return 0;}


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