Android学习笔记之Fragment的两种使用方法

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一、第一种方法:

(1)Fragment的第一种使用方法是使用fragment加载单独的布局文件:(也就是xml的方式实现)

结构如下:


activity_main.xml主要是在一个线性布局中添加两个线性布局

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"    android:layout_width="match_parent"    android:layout_height="match_parent"    android:orientation="horizontal"    tools:context=".MainActivity" >    <LinearLayout        android:id="@+id/linerlayout1"        android:layout_width="0dp"        android:layout_height="match_parent"        android:layout_weight="1"        android:background="#CCCCCC"        android:orientation="vertical" >        <Button            android:id="@+id/button1"            android:layout_width="match_parent"            android:layout_height="wrap_content"            android:text="显示窗口" />    </LinearLayout>    <LinearLayout        android:id="@+id/linerlayout2"        android:layout_width="0dp"        android:layout_height="match_parent"        android:layout_weight="3"        android:background="#CCFFDD"        android:orientation="vertical" >    </LinearLayout></LinearLayout>

right.xml是等会使用fragment的时候,加载的一个布局文件:(由于主要是在界面中加载、所以不作特殊要求)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    android:layout_width="match_parent"    android:layout_height="match_parent"    android:orientation="vertical" >    <RatingBar        android:id="@+id/ratingBar1"        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />    <Button        android:id="@+id/button11"        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:text="点我试试" /></LinearLayout>

MyFragment.java就是加载fragment的类,要继承Fragment类:(要重载父类的下边三个方法)

package com.lc.tablet_fragment_addview;import android.app.Fragment;import android.os.Bundle;import android.view.LayoutInflater;import android.view.View;import android.view.View.OnClickListener;import android.view.ViewGroup;import android.widget.Button;import android.widget.Toast;public class MyFragment extends Fragment {public MyFragment() {// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub}@Overridepublic void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubsuper.onCreate(savedInstanceState);}@Overridepublic View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,Bundle savedInstanceState) {// 这里的R.layout.right是界面的idView view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.right, null);Button button = (Button) view.findViewById(R.id.button11);button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {Toast.makeText(getActivity(), "hello world!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();}});return view;}@Overridepublic void onPause() {// TODO Auto-generated method stubsuper.onPause();}}

MainActivity.java:

package com.lc.tablet_fragment_addview;import android.app.Activity;import android.app.FragmentManager;import android.app.FragmentTransaction;import android.os.Bundle;import android.view.Menu;import android.view.View;import android.view.View.OnClickListener;import android.widget.Button;public class MainActivity extends Activity {private Button button;private FragmentManager fragmentManager; // 管理private FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction; // 事务@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);button = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.button1);fragmentManager = getFragmentManager();button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();MyFragment myFragment = new MyFragment();// 第一个参数是要放到哪个地方的id,第二个为要放入的fragmentfragmentTransaction.add(R.id.linerlayout2, myFragment);fragmentTransaction.commit();}});}@Overridepublic boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);return true;}}
演示效果:当点击灰色界面的按钮时显示右侧的布局:



二、第二种方法

项目结构和上图中的差不多:只是在布局文件中,直接使用fragment控件:
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"    android:layout_width="match_parent"    android:layout_height="match_parent"    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"    tools:context=".MainActivity" >    <fragment        android:id="@+id/fragment1"        android:name="com.example.tablet_fragment_fragementmanager.MyFragment"        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:layout_alignParentTop="true"        android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"        android:layout_marginTop="37dp" /></RelativeLayout>

在myfragment.java文件中,只需找到fragment所容纳的布局文件即可,不进行业务上的操作:
package com.example.tablet_fragment_fragementmanager;import android.app.Fragment;import android.os.Bundle;import android.view.LayoutInflater;import android.view.View;import android.view.ViewGroup;public class MyFragment extends Fragment {public MyFragment() {}@Overridepublic void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);}@Overridepublic View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,Bundle savedInstanceState) {/* * 这里只需找到布局文件即可 */View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.text, null);return view;}@Overridepublic void onResume() {super.onResume();}}


MainActivity.java文件:进行fragment的业务处理
package com.example.tablet_fragment_fragementmanager;import android.app.Activity;import android.app.FragmentManager;import android.os.Bundle;import android.view.Menu;import android.view.View;import android.view.View.OnClickListener;import android.widget.Button;import android.widget.Toast;/* * 再布局文件中拖入一个fragment、则使用下边的方法来找到特定的fragment * 不需要使用beginTransaction方法 */public class MainActivity extends Activity {private MyFragment fragment;private FragmentManager fragmentManager;private Button button;@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);fragmentManager = getFragmentManager();// 使用fragmentManager找到fragment、使用ID作为唯一的标识符fragment = (MyFragment) fragmentManager.findFragmentById(R.id.fragment1);// 或者使用下边的方法找到fragment// fragment =(MyFragment)fragmentManager.findFragmentByTag("fragment1");// 找到fragment布局中的按钮button1button = (Button) fragment.getView().findViewById(R.id.button1);button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "hello world!",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();}});}@Overridepublic boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);return true;}}



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