无废话WCF入门教程六[一个简单的Demo]

一、前言

    前面的几个章节介绍了很多理论基础，如：什么是WCF、WCF中的A、B、C。WCF的传输模式。本文从零开始和大家一起写一个小的WCF应用程序Demo。

    大多框架的学习都是从增、删、改、查开始来学习的，我们学习WCF也是一样的。从简单来看(不包括安全、优化等相关问题)，WCF的增删改查和WebForm相差无几。WCF只是把具体“实现”写在“Service端”，而“调用”放在了“Client端”。

二、Demo说明

1）Demo的 “Service端”以本机IIS为宿主，“Client端”以WebForm项目为例。

2）Demo的“Service端”提取数据采用初学者比较容易接受的分层结构进行搭建，分别分为服务层、实体层、数据层。

引用关系如下图所示：

3）Demo以数据库为SqlServer，表User为例(sql语句在下载的压缩包中Init.sql)，表结构如下所示：

字段名

列名

数据类型

约束

生成方式

用户编号

UserID

int

主键，必须输入

自动增+1

姓名

Name

varchar(200)

非必须输入

人工输入

密码

Password

varchar(200)

非必须输入

人工输入

描述

Discribe

varchar(800)

非必须输入

人工输入

提交时间

SubmitTime

datetime

非必须输入

人工输入

三、创建Service端宿主

1）创建WCF应用程序命名为：WCF.Demo.Service，如下图：

2）删除默认文件IService.cs与Service.svc。并分别创建增、删、改、查”Add.svc”、“Save.svc”、“Remove.svc”、“Get.svc，Search.svc”，分别对应4个功能的服务应用程序WCF服务应用程序，并创建数据操作层和数据实体层，如下图：

3）增加实体层和数据操作层代码，如下所示：

//用户实体    [DataContract]    public class User    {        [DataMember]        public int UserID { get; set; }        [DataMember]        public string UserName { get; set; }        [DataMember]        public string Password { get; set; }        [DataMember]        public string Discribe { get; set; }        [DataMember]        public DateTime SubmitTime { get; set; }    }    //数据操作，调用SqlHeler    public class User    {        private static readonly string connectionString = "server=.;database=wcfDemo;uid=sa;pwd=123456;";        //添加        public static bool Add(Model.User user)        {            string sql = string.Format("INSERT INTO [dbo].[User]([UserName],[Password],[Discribe],[SubmitTime]) VALUES('{0}','{1}','{2}','{3}')", user.UserName, user.Password, user.Discribe, user.SubmitTime);            int result = SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, CommandType.Text, sql);            if (result > 0)                return true;            else                return false;        }        //修改        public static bool Save(Model.User user)        {            string sql = string.Format("UPDATE [dbo].[User] SET [UserName] = '{0}',[Discribe] = '{2}',[SubmitTime] = '{3}' WHERE UserID = {4}", user.UserName, user.Password, user.Discribe, user.SubmitTime, user.UserID);            int result = SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, CommandType.Text, sql);            if (result > 0)                return true;            else                return false;        }        //删除        public static bool Remove(int UserID)        {            string sql = string.Format("DELETE FROM [dbo].[User] WHERE UserID = {0}", UserID);            int result = SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, CommandType.Text, sql);            if (result > 0)                return true;            else                return false;        }        //获取用户        public static Model.User Get(int UserID)        {            Model.User user = new Model.User();            string sql = string.Format("SELECT * FROM [dbo].[User] WHERE UserID = {0}", UserID);            DataSet ds = SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(connectionString, CommandType.Text, sql);            if (ds != null && ds.Tables.Count > 0)            {                foreach (DataRow dr in ds.Tables[0].Rows)                {                    user.UserID = Convert.ToInt32(dr["UserID"]);                    user.UserName = dr["UserName"].ToString();                    user.Password = dr["Password"].ToString();                    user.Discribe = dr["Discribe"].ToString();                    user.SubmitTime = Convert.ToDateTime(dr["SubmitTime"]);                }            }            return user;        }        //获取用户列表        public static List<Model.User> GetUsers()        {            List<Model.User> Users = new List<Model.User>();            string sql = string.Format("SELECT * FROM [dbo].[User]");            DataSet ds = SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(connectionString, CommandType.Text, sql);            if (ds != null && ds.Tables.Count > 0)            {                foreach (DataTable dt in ds.Tables)                {                    foreach (DataRow dr in dt.Rows)                    {                        Model.User user = new Model.User();                        user.UserID = Convert.ToInt32(dr["UserID"]);                        user.UserName = dr["UserName"].ToString();                        user.Password = dr["Password"].ToString();                        user.Discribe = dr["Discribe"].ToString();                        user.SubmitTime = Convert.ToDateTime(dr["SubmitTime"]);                        Users.Add(user);                    }                }            }            return Users;        }    }

4）修改Add接口的代码和实现，如下所示：

[ServiceContract]    public interface IAdd    {        [OperationContract]        bool DoWork(Model.User user);    }    public class Add : IAdd    {        public bool DoWork(Model.User user)        {            return DAL.User.Add(user);        }    }

5）修改Save接口的代码和实现，如下所示：

[ServiceContract]    public interface ISave    {        [OperationContract]        bool DoWork(Model.User user);    }    public class Save : ISave    {        public bool DoWork(Model.User user)        {            return DAL.User.Save(user);        }    }

6）修改Remove接口的代码和实现，如下所示：

[ServiceContract]    public interface IRemove    {        [OperationContract]        bool DoWork(int UserID);    }    public class Remove : IRemove    {        public bool DoWork(int UserID)        {            return DAL.User.Remove(UserID);        }    }

7）修改Search接口的代码和实现，如下所示：

[ServiceContract]    public interface ISearch    {        [OperationContract]        List<Model.User> DoWork();    }    public class Search : ISearch    {        List<Model.User> ISearch.DoWork()        {            return DAL.User.GetUsers();        }    }

8）修改Get接口的代码和实现，如下所示：

[ServiceContract]    public interface IGet    {        [OperationContract]        Model.User DoWork(int UserID);    }    public class Get : IGet    {        public Model.User DoWork(int UserID)        {            return DAL.User.Get(UserID);        }    }

四、部署服务端程序

1）将程序发布，并部署到IIS上，设置端口：8080，如下图所示：

2）以Add.svc服务应用程序为目标，测试部署是否成功，成功后如下图所示：

五、创建Client端Web应用程序

新建WebForm项目WCF.Demo.Client，并创建增删改查文件，Add.aspx，Save.aspx，SearchAndRemove.aspx。如下图所示：

六、使用SvcUtil.exe生成客户端代码和配置

SvcUtil.exe是一个VS命令行工具，该工具位于：C:\Program Files\Microsoft  SDKs\Windows\v7.0A\bin 或 C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.0A\bin\一般情况下我们将SvcUtil.exe添加到VS开发工具中方便以后的运用（也可直接使用该命令行工具）。

1）在VS中的 Tools菜单---选择External Tools，打开管理窗口如下图所示：

在Title中输入SvcUtil，Command中选择SvcUtil.exe全路径，Initial  directory栏选择生成的客户端代码和配置文件所放的目录（此处为解决方案所在目录），选上Prompt for arguments，不选上Close on  exit。点击OK.

2）添加完成后，在VS的工具下会出现这个菜单。如下图所示：

3）在Client端添加对服务的引用。打开SvUtil工具，在Arguments里填写服务的地址，如下图：

点击OK后出现下图，说明代码类和配置文件生成成功（在解决方案目标下），如下图所示：

此时代理类和配置文件被下载到解决方案的物理目录中，如下图所示：

七、在Client端使用代理类与配置

将代理类从服务端的物理目录拷贝出来，放到Client端，并适当的修改代码，加入自己需要的名称空间，如下图所示：

使用代码如下所示：

//增加    public partial class Add : System.Web.UI.Page    {        Service.AddClient addClient = new Service.AddClient();        protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)        {        }        //提交        protected void btnSubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)        {            Model.User user = new Model.User();            user.UserName = this.txtUserName.Text;            user.Password = this.txtPassword.Text;            user.Discribe = this.txtDiscribe.Text;            user.SubmitTime = System.DateTime.Now;            addClient.DoWork(user);            Response.Write("添加成功！");        }    }    //修改    public partial class Save : System.Web.UI.Page    {        Service.SaveClient saveClient = new Service.SaveClient();        Service.GetClient getClient = new Service.GetClient();        protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)        {            if (!Page.IsPostBack && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(Request.QueryString["UserID"]))            {                GetUser();            }        }        protected void GetUser()        {            int UserID = Convert.ToInt32(Request.QueryString["UserID"]);            Model.User user = getClient.DoWork(UserID);            this.txtUserName.Text = user.UserName;            this.txtDiscribe.Text = user.Discribe;        }        //提交        protected void btnSubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)        {            int UserID = Convert.ToInt32(Request.QueryString["UserID"]);            Model.User user = getClient.DoWork(UserID);            user.UserName = this.txtUserName.Text;            user.Discribe = this.txtDiscribe.Text;            saveClient.DoWork(user);            Response.Write("修改成功！");        }    }    //列表及删除    public partial class SearchAndRemove : System.Web.UI.Page    {        Service.SearchClient searchClient = new Service.SearchClient();        Service.RemoveClient removeClient = new Service.RemoveClient();        protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)        {            if (!Page.IsPostBack)            {                GetUsers();            }        }        protected void GetUsers()        {            this.repUsers.DataSource = searchClient.DoWork();            this.repUsers.DataBind();        }        protected void lbtnRemoveCommand(object sender, CommandEventArgs e)        {            int UserID = Convert.ToInt32(e.CommandName);            removeClient.DoWork(UserID);            Response.Write("删除成功~");            GetUsers();        }    }

将生成的配置文件中的 <system.serviceModel>复制到Client的Web.config中，代码如下：

<system.serviceModel>    <bindings>      <basicHttpBinding>        <binding name="BasicHttpBinding_IAdd" closeTimeout="00:01:00"            openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00"            allowCookies="false" bypassProxyOnLocal="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard"            maxBufferSize="65536" maxBufferPoolSize="524288" maxReceivedMessageSize="65536"            messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" transferMode="Buffered"            useDefaultWebProxy="true">          <readerQuotas maxDepth="32" maxStringContentLength="8192" maxArrayLength="16384"              maxBytesPerRead="4096" maxNameTableCharCount="16384" />          <security mode="None">            <transport clientCredentialType="None" proxyCredentialType="None"                realm="" />            <message clientCredentialType="UserName" algorithmSuite="Default" />          </security>        </binding>        <binding name="BasicHttpBinding_IRemove" closeTimeout="00:01:00"                   openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00"                   allowCookies="false" bypassProxyOnLocal="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard"                   maxBufferSize="65536" maxBufferPoolSize="524288" maxReceivedMessageSize="65536"                   messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" transferMode="Buffered"                   useDefaultWebProxy="true">          <readerQuotas maxDepth="32" maxStringContentLength="8192" maxArrayLength="16384"              maxBytesPerRead="4096" maxNameTableCharCount="16384" />          <security mode="None">            <transport clientCredentialType="None" proxyCredentialType="None"                realm="" />            <message clientCredentialType="UserName" algorithmSuite="Default" />          </security>        </binding>        <binding name="BasicHttpBinding_ISearch" closeTimeout="00:01:00"           openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00"           allowCookies="false" bypassProxyOnLocal="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard"           maxBufferSize="65536" maxBufferPoolSize="524288" maxReceivedMessageSize="65536"           messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" transferMode="Buffered"           useDefaultWebProxy="true">          <readerQuotas maxDepth="32" maxStringContentLength="8192" maxArrayLength="16384"              maxBytesPerRead="4096" maxNameTableCharCount="16384" />          <security mode="None">            <transport clientCredentialType="None" proxyCredentialType="None"                realm="" />            <message clientCredentialType="UserName" algorithmSuite="Default" />          </security>        </binding>        <binding name="BasicHttpBinding_ISave" closeTimeout="00:01:00"                   openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00"                   allowCookies="false" bypassProxyOnLocal="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard"                   maxBufferSize="65536" maxBufferPoolSize="524288" maxReceivedMessageSize="65536"                   messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" transferMode="Buffered"                   useDefaultWebProxy="true">          <readerQuotas maxDepth="32" maxStringContentLength="8192" maxArrayLength="16384"              maxBytesPerRead="4096" maxNameTableCharCount="16384" />          <security mode="None">            <transport clientCredentialType="None" proxyCredentialType="None"                realm="" />            <message clientCredentialType="UserName" algorithmSuite="Default" />          </security>        </binding>        <binding name="BasicHttpBinding_IGet" closeTimeout="00:01:00"                   openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00"                   allowCookies="false" bypassProxyOnLocal="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard"                   maxBufferSize="65536" maxBufferPoolSize="524288" maxReceivedMessageSize="65536"                   messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" transferMode="Buffered"                   useDefaultWebProxy="true">          <readerQuotas maxDepth="32" maxStringContentLength="8192" maxArrayLength="16384"              maxBytesPerRead="4096" maxNameTableCharCount="16384" />          <security mode="None">            <transport clientCredentialType="None" proxyCredentialType="None"                realm="" />            <message clientCredentialType="UserName" algorithmSuite="Default" />          </security>        </binding>      </basicHttpBinding>    </bindings>    <client>      <endpoint address="http://localhost:8080/Add.svc" binding="basicHttpBinding"          bindingConfiguration="BasicHttpBinding_IAdd" contract="IAdd"          name="BasicHttpBinding_IAdd" />      <endpoint address="http://localhost:8080/Remove.svc" binding="basicHttpBinding"              bindingConfiguration="BasicHttpBinding_IRemove" contract="IRemove"              name="BasicHttpBinding_IRemove" />      <endpoint address="http://localhost:8080/Search.svc" binding="basicHttpBinding"             bindingConfiguration="BasicHttpBinding_ISearch" contract="ISearch"             name="BasicHttpBinding_ISearch" />      <endpoint address="http://localhost:8080/Save.svc" binding="basicHttpBinding"               bindingConfiguration="BasicHttpBinding_ISave" contract="ISave"               name="BasicHttpBinding_ISave" />      <endpoint address="http://localhost:8080/Get.svc" binding="basicHttpBinding"               bindingConfiguration="BasicHttpBinding_IGet" contract="IGet"               name="BasicHttpBinding_IGet" />    </client>  </system.serviceModel>

 

-------------------------最终效果-----------------------

添加：

修改：

 列表及删除：

 

八、源码下载

 点我下载本文章Demo