11.2 RAC环境OCR和Votedisk损坏丢失恢复

11.2 RAC环境OCR和Votedisk损坏丢失恢复

之前安装好的两个节点rac环境，不小心把磁盘组所在的磁盘格式化了，rac重启启动不了
如下恢复步骤：
1. 检查votedisk和 ocr备份
[root@rac1 ~]# crsctl query css votedisk
##  STATE    File Universal Id                File Name Disk group
--  -----    -----------------                --------- ---------
 1. ONLINE   a853d6204bbc4feabfd8c73d4c3b3001 (/dev/asm-diskh) [SYSTEMDG]
 2. ONLINE   a5b37704c3574f0fbf21d1d9f58c4a6b (/dev/asm-diskg) [SYSTEMDG]
 3. ONLINE   36e5c51ff0294fc3bf2a042266650331 (/dev/asm-diski) [SYSTEMDG]
 4. ONLINE   af337d1512824fe4bf6ad45283517aaa (/dev/asm-diskj) [SYSTEMDG]
 5. ONLINE   3c4a349e2e304ff6bf64b2b1c9d9cf5d (/dev/asm-diskk) [SYSTEMDG]
Located 5 voting disk(s).
su - grid
[grid@rac1 ~]$ ocrconfig -showbackup
PROT-26: Oracle Cluster Registry backup locations were retrieved from a local copy
rac1     2014/08/09 01:59:56     /g01/11.2.0/maclean/grid/cdata/vrh-cluster/backup00.ocr
rac1     2014/08/08 21:59:56     /g01/11.2.0/maclean/grid/cdata/vrh-cluster/backup01.ocr
rac1     2014/08/08 17:59:55     /g01/11.2.0/maclean/grid/cdata/vrh-cluster/backup02.ocr
rac1     2014/08/08 05:59:54     /g01/11.2.0/grid/cdata/vrh-cluster/day.ocr
rac1     2014/08/08 05:59:54     /g01/11.2.0/grid/cdata/vrh-cluster/week.ocr
PROT-25: Manual backups for the Oracle Cluster Registry are not available
2. 彻底关闭所有节点上的clusterware ,OHASD 
crsctl stop has -f
3. 在一个节点上尝试重新启动HAS
[root@rac1 ~]# crsctl start has
CRS-4123: Oracle High Availability Services has been started.
但是因为ocr和votedisk所在diskgroup丢失，所以CSS将无法正常启动，如以下日志所示：
alertrac1.log 
[cssd(5162)]CRS-1714:Unable to discover any voting files, retrying discovery in 15 seconds; Details at (:CSSNM00070:) in /g01/11.2.0/grid/log/rac1/cssd/ocssd.log
2014-08-09 03:35:41.207
[cssd(5162)]CRS-1714:Unable to discover any voting files, retrying discovery in 15 seconds; Details at (:CSSNM00070:) in /g01/11.2.0/grid/log/rac1/cssd/ocssd.log
2014-08-09 03:35:56.240
[cssd(5162)]CRS-1714:Unable to discover any voting files, retrying discovery in 15 seconds; Details at (:CSSNM00070:) in /g01/11.2.0/grid/log/rac1/cssd/ocssd.log
2014-08-09 03:36:11.284
[cssd(5162)]CRS-1714:Unable to discover any voting files, retrying discovery in 15 seconds; Details at (:CSSNM00070:) in /g01/11.2.0/grid/log/rac1/cssd/ocssd.log
2014-08-09 03:36:26.305
[cssd(5162)]CRS-1714:Unable to discover any voting files, retrying discovery in 15 seconds; Details at (:CSSNM00070:) in /g01/11.2.0/grid/log/rac1/cssd/ocssd.log
2014-08-09 03:36:41.328
ocssd.log
2014-08-09 03:40:26.662: [    CSSD][1078700352]clssnmReadDiscoveryProfile: voting file discovery string(/dev/asm*)
2014-08-09 03:40:26.662: [    CSSD][1078700352]clssnmvDDiscThread: using discovery string /dev/asm* for initial discovery
2014-08-09 03:40:26.662: [   SKGFD][1078700352]Discovery with str:/dev/asm*:
2014-08-09 03:40:26.662: [   SKGFD][1078700352]UFS discovery with :/dev/asm*:
2014-08-09 03:40:26.665: [   SKGFD][1078700352]Fetching UFS disk :/dev/asm-diskf:
2014-08-09 03:40:26.665: [   SKGFD][1078700352]Fetching UFS disk :/dev/asm-diskb
2014-08-09 03:40:26.665: [   SKGFD][1078700352]Fetching UFS disk :/dev/asm-diskj:
2014-08-09 03:40:26.665: [   SKGFD][1078700352]Fetching UFS disk :/dev/asm-diskh:
2014-08-09 03:40:26.665: [   SKGFD][1078700352]Fetching UFS disk :/dev/asm-diskc:
2014-08-09 03:40:26.665: [   SKGFD][1078700352]Fetching UFS disk :/dev/asm-diskd:
2014-08-09 03:40:26.665: [   SKGFD][1078700352]Fetching UFS disk :/dev/asm-diske
2014-08-09 03:40:26.665: [   SKGFD][1078700352]Fetching UFS disk :/dev/asm-diskg:
2014-08-09 03:40:26.665: [   SKGFD][1078700352]Fetching UFS disk :/dev/asm-diski:
2014-08-09 03:40:26.665: [   SKGFD][1078700352]Fetching UFS disk :/dev/asm-diskk:
2014-08-09 03:40:26.665: [   SKGFD][1078700352]OSS discovery with :/dev/asm*:
2014-08-09 03:40:26.665: [   SKGFD][1078700352]Handle 0xdf22a0 from lib :UFS:: for disk :/dev/asm-diskf:
2014-08-09 03:40:26.665: [   SKGFD][1078700352]Handle 0xf412a0 from lib :UFS:: for disk :/dev/asm-diskb:
2014-08-09 03:40:26.666: [   SKGFD][1078700352]Handle 0xf3a680 from lib :UFS:: for disk :/dev/asm-diskj:
2014-08-09 03:40:26.666: [   SKGFD][1078700352]Handle 0xf93da0 from lib :UFS:: for disk :/dev/asm-diskh:
2014-08-09 03:40:26.667: [    CSSD][1078700352]clssnmvDiskVerify: Successful discovery of 0 disks
2014-08-09 03:40:26.667: [    CSSD][1078700352]clssnmCompleteInitVFDiscovery: Completing initial voting file discovery
2014-08-09 03:40:26.667: [    CSSD][1078700352]clssnmvFindInitialConfigs: No voting files found
2014-08-09 03:40:26.667: [    CSSD][1078700352](:CSSNM00070:)clssnmCompleteInitVFDiscovery: Voting file not found. Retryin
恢复：
1. 以-excl -nocrs 方式启动cluster，这将可以启动ASM实例 但不启动CRS
 [root@rac1 rac1]# crsctl start crs -excl -nocrs 
CRS-4123: Oracle High Availability Services has been started.
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.mdnsd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.mdnsd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.gpnpd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.gpnpd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'rac1'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.gipcd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.gipcd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.diskmon' on 'rac1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.diskmon' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2679: Attempting to clean 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'rac1'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.ctssd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2681: Clean of 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'rac1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.ctssd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.asm' on 'rac1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.asm' on 'rac1' succeeded
 
2.重建原ocr和votedisk所在diskgroup,注意compatible.asm必须是11.2:
[root@rac1 rac1]# su - grid
[grid@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus  / as sysasm
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Thu Aug 9 04:16:58 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Real Application Clusters and Automatic Storage Management options
SQL> create diskgroup systemdg high redundancy disk '/dev/asm-diskh','/dev/asm-diskg','/dev/asm-diski','/dev/asm-diskj','/dev/asm-diskk'
 ATTRIBUTE 'compatible.rdbms' = '11.2', 'compatible.asm' = '11.2';
3.从ocr backup中恢复ocr并做ocrcheck检验:
[root@rac1 ~]# ocrconfig -restore /g01/11.2.0/grid/cdata/vrh-cluster/backup00.ocr
[root@rac1 ~]# ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
         Version                  :          3
         Total space (kbytes)     :     262120
         Used space (kbytes)      :       3180
         Available space (kbytes) :     258940
         ID                       : 1238458014
         Device/File Name         :  +systemdg
                                    Device/File integrity check succeeded
                                    Device/File not configured
                                    Device/File not configured
                                    Device/File not configured
                                    Device/File not configured
         Cluster registry integrity check succeeded
         Logical corruption check succeeded       
      
4. 准备恢复votedisk ，可能会遇到下面的错误:
[grid@rac1 ~]$ crsctl replace votedisk  +SYSTEMDG
CRS-4602: Failed 27 to add voting file 2e4e0fe285924f86bf5473d00dcc0388.
CRS-4602: Failed 27 to add voting file 4fa54bb0cc5c4fafbf1a9be5479bf389.
CRS-4602: Failed 27 to add voting file a109ead9ea4e4f28bfe233188623616a.
CRS-4602: Failed 27 to add voting file 042c9fbd71b54f5abfcd3ab3408f3cf3.
CRS-4602: Failed 27 to add voting file 7b5a8cd24f954fafbf835ad78615763f.
Failed to replace voting disk group with +SYSTEMDG.
CRS-4000: Command Replace failed, or completed with errors.
 
需要重新配置一下ASM的参数，并重启ASM:
SQL> alter system set asm_diskstring='/dev/asm*';
System altered.
SQL> create spfile from memory;
File created.
SQL>  startup force mount;
ORA-32004: obsolete or deprecated parameter(s) specified for ASM instance
ASM instance started
Total System Global Area  283930624 bytes
Fixed Size                  2227664 bytes
Variable Size             256537136 bytes
ASM Cache                  25165824 bytes
ASM diskgroups mounted
SQL> show parameter spfile
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile                               string      /g01/11.2.0/grid/dbs/spfile+ASM1.ora
[grid@rac1 trace]$  crsctl replace votedisk  +SYSTEMDG
CRS-4256: Updating the profile
Successful addition of voting disk 85edc0e82d274f78bfc58cdc73b8c68a.
Successful addition of voting disk 201ffffc8ba44faabfe2efec2aa75840.
Successful addition of voting disk 6f2a25c589964faabf6980f7c5f621ce.
Successful addition of voting disk 93eb315648454f25bf3717df1a2c73d5.
Successful addition of voting disk 3737240678964f88bfbfbd31d8b3829f.
Successfully replaced voting disk group with +SYSTEMDG.
CRS-4256: Updating the profile
CRS-4266: Voting file(s) successfully replaced

5. 重启has服务，检验cluster是否正常：
[root@rac1 ~]# crsctl check crs
CRS-4638: Oracle High Availability Services is online
CRS-4537: Cluster Ready Services is online
CRS-4529: Cluster Synchronization Services is online
CRS-4533: Event Manager is online
[root@rac1 ~]# crsctl query css votedisk
##  STATE    File Universal Id                File Name Disk group
--  -----    -----------------                --------- ---------
 1. ONLINE   85edc0e82d274f78bfc58cdc73b8c68a (/dev/asm-diskh) [SYSTEMDG]
 2. ONLINE   201ffffc8ba44faabfe2efec2aa75840 (/dev/asm-diskg) [SYSTEMDG]
 3. ONLINE   6f2a25c589964faabf6980f7c5f621ce (/dev/asm-diski) [SYSTEMDG]
 4. ONLINE   93eb315648454f25bf3717df1a2c73d5 (/dev/asm-diskj) [SYSTEMDG]
 5. ONLINE   3737240678964f88bfbfbd31d8b3829f (/dev/asm-diskk) [SYSTEMDG]
Located 5 voting disk(s).

查看资状态
[root@rac1 ~]# crsctl stat res -t

由于恢复过去了很长时间，大体的步骤就是这样，恢复中间也遇到很多错误，但都解决了，遇到错误根据实际情况进行处理