POJ 1141 Brackets Sequence (区间dp 括号匹配 经典题)
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Brackets Sequence
Time Limit: 1000MS Memory Limit: 65536KTotal Submissions: 26407 Accepted: 7443 Special Judge
Description
Let us define a regular brackets sequence in the following way:
1. Empty sequence is a regular sequence.
2. If S is a regular sequence, then (S) and [S] are both regular sequences.
3. If A and B are regular sequences, then AB is a regular sequence.
For example, all of the following sequences of characters are regular brackets sequences:
(), [], (()), ([]), ()[], ()[()]
And all of the following character sequences are not:
(, [, ), )(, ([)], ([(]
Some sequence of characters '(', ')', '[', and ']' is given. You are to find the shortest possible regular brackets sequence, that contains the given character sequence as a subsequence. Here, a string a1 a2 ... an is called a subsequence of the string b1 b2 ... bm, if there exist such indices 1 = i1 < i2 < ... < in = m, that aj = bij for all 1 = j = n.
1. Empty sequence is a regular sequence.
2. If S is a regular sequence, then (S) and [S] are both regular sequences.
3. If A and B are regular sequences, then AB is a regular sequence.
For example, all of the following sequences of characters are regular brackets sequences:
(), [], (()), ([]), ()[], ()[()]
And all of the following character sequences are not:
(, [, ), )(, ([)], ([(]
Some sequence of characters '(', ')', '[', and ']' is given. You are to find the shortest possible regular brackets sequence, that contains the given character sequence as a subsequence. Here, a string a1 a2 ... an is called a subsequence of the string b1 b2 ... bm, if there exist such indices 1 = i1 < i2 < ... < in = m, that aj = bij for all 1 = j = n.
Input
The input file contains at most 100 brackets (characters '(', ')', '[' and ']') that are situated on a single line without any other characters among them.
Output
Write to the output file a single line that contains some regular brackets sequence that has the minimal possible length and contains the given sequence as a subsequence.
Sample Input
([(]
Sample Output
()[()]
Source
Northeastern Europe 2001
题目链接:http://poj.org/problem?id=1141
题目大意:给一些括号,求让它们合法最少要加上多少括号,并输出加上后的结果,合法的定义:
1.空串是合法的
2.若S是合法的,则[S]和(S)均是合法的
3.若A和B是合法的,则AB是合法的
题目分析:令dp[i][j]表示使子序列从i到j合法要加的最小括号数
当子序列长度为1时,dp[i][i] = 1
当子序列长度不为1时两个方案:
1)dp[i] == '(' && dp[j] == ')'或者dp[i] == '[' && dp[j] == ']'说明最外侧已合法,则要加的括号数由里面的子序列决定即dp[i][j] = dp[i + 1][j - 1]
2)枚举分割点,即i <= k < j,dp[i][j] = min(dp[i][k],dp[k + 1][j])
这样要添加的最少数量就能得到即dp[0][len - 1],但是题目要输出序列,因此我们还要记录路径,若s[i] == s[j]则path[i][j] = -1,否则path[i][j] = k(分割点),输出的时候采用递归的方法见程序注释
题目链接:http://poj.org/problem?id=1141
题目大意:给一些括号,求让它们合法最少要加上多少括号,并输出加上后的结果,合法的定义:
1.空串是合法的
2.若S是合法的,则[S]和(S)均是合法的
3.若A和B是合法的,则AB是合法的
题目分析:令dp[i][j]表示使子序列从i到j合法要加的最小括号数
当子序列长度为1时,dp[i][i] = 1
当子序列长度不为1时两个方案:
1)dp[i] == '(' && dp[j] == ')'或者dp[i] == '[' && dp[j] == ']'说明最外侧已合法,则要加的括号数由里面的子序列决定即dp[i][j] = dp[i + 1][j - 1]
2)枚举分割点,即i <= k < j,dp[i][j] = min(dp[i][k],dp[k + 1][j])
这样要添加的最少数量就能得到即dp[0][len - 1],但是题目要输出序列,因此我们还要记录路径,若s[i] == s[j]则path[i][j] = -1,否则path[i][j] = k(分割点),输出的时候采用递归的方法见程序注释
#include <cstdio>#include <cstring>int const INF = 0xfffffff;int const MAX = 105;int dp[MAX][MAX], path[MAX][MAX];char s[MAX];void Print(int i, int j){ if(i > j) //无效位置 return; if(i == j) //遇单个字符输出匹配后的结果 { if(s[i] == '(' || s[i] == ')') printf("()"); else printf("[]"); } else if(path[i][j] == -1) //若i到j已经匹配,输出左边,递归中间再输出右边 { printf("%c", s[i]); Print(i + 1, j - 1); printf("%c", s[j]); } else //否则,递归输出分割点两边 { Print(i, path[i][j]); Print(path[i][j] + 1, j); }}int main(){ while(gets(s)) { int n = strlen(s); if(n == 0) { printf("\n"); continue; } memset(dp, 0, sizeof(dp)); for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) dp[i][i] = 1; for(int l = 1; l < n; l++) { for(int i = 0; i < n - l; i++) { int j = i + l; dp[i][j] = INF; if((s[i] == '(' && s[j] == ')') || (s[i] == '[' && s[j] == ']')) { dp[i][j] = dp[i + 1][j - 1]; path[i][j] = -1; } for(int k = i; k < j; k++) { if(dp[i][j] > dp[i][k] + dp[k + 1][j]) { dp[i][j] = dp[i][k] + dp[k + 1][j]; path[i][j] = k; } } } } Print(0, n - 1); printf("\n"); }}
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