spring MVC环境搭建

1、新建web项目，并在web.xml加入spring mvc的servlet

<!-- spring mvc容器和servlet的定义 -->  <servlet>    <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>    <!-- 这里的参数如果不配置，则默认查找web-inf下的{servlet-name}-servlet.xml文件 -->    <init-param>        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>        <param-value>/WEB-INF/springMVC.xml</param-value>    </init-param>    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>  </servlet>  <servlet-mapping>    <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>  </servlet-mapping>

 

2、加入spring mvc的依赖jar包

备注:我这里除了spring的jar包外还添加了一些其他的功能（quartz、JSR303的hibernate实现、c3p0连接池、DB2驱动、spring json的支持(jackson)），这里并未完全加入spring的包，可根据项目的需要增减jar.

 

3、配置spring mvc的配置文件。

 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"     xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"    xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd     http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd      http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd    http://www.springframework.org/schema/task    http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.0.xsd">    <!-- Spring MVC配置 -->    <context:annotation-config />    <!--扫描注解 -->    <context:component-scan base-package="com.tf" />    <!--默认的mvc注解映射的支持 -->    <mvc:annotation-driven/>    <!-- 支持异步方法执行 -->    <task:annotation-driven />     <!-- 视图解析器和json解析器 -->    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.ContentNegotiatingViewResolver">        <property name="mediaTypes">            <map>                <entry key="html" value="text/html"/>                <entry key="json" value="application/json"/>            </map>        </property>        <property name="viewResolvers">            <list>                <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">                    <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" /> <!--可为空,方便实现自已的依据扩展名来选择视图解释类的逻辑 -->                    <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>                </bean>            </list>        </property>        <property name="defaultViews">            <list>                <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.json.MappingJackson2JsonView" />            </list>        </property>    </bean>        <!-- 文件上传解析器 -->    <bean id="multipartResolver"        class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">        <!-- one of the properties available; the maximum file size in bytes -->        <property name="maxUploadSize" value="-1"/>    </bean>    <!-- 总错误处理 -->    <bean id="exceptionResolver"        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">        <property name="defaultErrorView">            <value>/error</value>        </property>        <property name="defaultStatusCode">            <value>500</value>        </property>        <property name="warnLogCategory">            <value>org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver            </value>        </property>    </bean>    <!-- 对静态资源文件的访问 -->    <mvc:resources mapping="/images/**" location="/images/" cache-period="31556926" />    <mvc:resources mapping="/js/**" location="/js/" cache-period="31556926" />    <mvc:resources mapping="/css/**" location="/css/" cache-period="31556926" />    <!-- 数据库和事务配置 -->    <!-- 加载配置文件 -->    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties" />    <!-- 定义数据源 -->    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"        destroy-method="close">        <property name="driverClass">            <value>${jdbc.driverClass}</value>        </property>        <property name="jdbcUrl">            <value>${jdbc.url}</value>        </property>        <property name="user">            <value>${jdbc.username}</value>        </property>        <property name="password">            <value>${jdbc.password}</value>        </property>        <!--连接池中保留的最小连接数。 -->        <property name="minPoolSize">            <value>${c3p0.minPoolSize}</value>        </property>        <!--连接池中保留的最大连接数。Default: 15 -->        <property name="maxPoolSize">            <value>${c3p0.maxPoolSize}</value>        </property>        <!--初始化时获取的连接数，取值应在minPoolSize与maxPoolSize之间。Default: 3 -->        <property name="initialPoolSize">            <value>${c3p0.initialPoolSize}</value>        </property>        <!--每30秒检查所有连接池中的空闲连接。Default: 0 -->        <property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod">            <value>${c3p0.idleConnectionTestPeriod}</value>        </property>    </bean>    <!-- weblogic推荐使用jndi连接池 -->    <!--     <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean">         <property name="jndiName">             <value>java:comp/env/jdbc/myDatasource</value>         </property>     </bean>     -->    <!-- 定义jdbcTemplate -->    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">        <property name="dataSource">            <ref bean="dataSource"/>        </property>    </bean>    <bean id="namedParameterJdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.namedparam.NamedParameterJdbcTemplate">        <constructor-arg><ref bean="dataSource"/></constructor-arg>     </bean>    <!-- 定义事务管理器 -->    <bean id="transactionManager"        class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">        <property name="dataSource">            <ref bean="dataSource" />        </property>    </bean>    <!-- 配置事务特性 ，配置add、delete和update开始的方法，事务传播特性为required -->    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">        <tx:attributes>            <tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED" />            <tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED" />            <tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED" />            <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED" />            <tx:method name="login*" propagation="REQUIRED" />            <tx:method name="regist*" propagation="REQUIRED" />            <tx:method name="*" read-only="true" />        </tx:attributes>    </tx:advice>    <!-- 配置那些类的方法进行事务管理 -->    <aop:config>        <aop:pointcut id="allManagerMethod" expression="execution (* com.tf.*.service.*.*(..))" />        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="allManagerMethod" />    </aop:config></beans>

 

4、配置log4j

log4j.rootCategory=INFO, stdout , R      log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender   log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout   log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=[TF] %p [%t] %C.%M(%L) | %m%n       log4j.appender.R=org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender   log4j.appender.R.File=E:/mylog.loglog4j.appender.R.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayoutlog4j.appender.R.Threshold = WARN log4j.appender.R.layout.ConversionPattern=%d-[TF] %p %t %c - %m%n   #全局异常记录log4j.logger.org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver=WARN#项目的异常记录log4j.logger.com.tf=ERROR

 

5、编写测试代码

package com.tf.model1.controller;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;import javax.annotation.Resource;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.validation.Valid;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;import org.springframework.validation.ObjectError;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.RedirectAttributes;import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.RequestContextUtils;import com.tf.model1.bean.User;import com.tf.model1.service.TestService;@Controller//@RequestMapping(value="/test")public class TestRestController {    @Resource    private TestService testService;        //接收get请求    @RequestMapping(value="/test",method=RequestMethod.GET)    //可以自动根据名称映射参数，也可以手动指定    public String test(@RequestParam(value="name",defaultValue="admin")String username,HttpServletRequest request){    //public String test(@RequestParam("name")String username,HttpServletRequest request){    //public String test(String name,HttpServletRequest request){        //获取到spring的applicationContext对象        WebApplicationContext context = RequestContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(request);                System.out.println("-------------------> name:" +username);        return "test";    }        //redirect/forward:url方式转到另一个Action进行连续的处理    @RequestMapping("/redirect")    public String testRedirect(){        return "redirect:/index.jsp";    }        //重定向并携带参数    @RequestMapping("/redirectAttribute")    public String testRdirectWithAttribute(RedirectAttributes attributes){        attributes.addAttribute("name", "zhangsan");        return "redirect:/login.jsp";    }        //上传1    @RequestMapping(value = "/upload", method = RequestMethod.POST)    public String upload(@RequestParam("name") String name,            @RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file,RedirectAttributes attributes){        System.out.println("param:"+name);        if(!file.isEmpty()){            System.out.println("upload ok");        }                attributes.addAttribute("name", "upload success");        return "redirect:/login.jsp";    }        //接收ajax请求    //使用url的表达式动态传递参数    //返回json    @RequestMapping("/uri/{userId}")    //多个url参数可以用多个注解和方法参数来接收    public @ResponseBody Map uriTemplate(@PathVariable String userId){    //也可以这么写    //public @ResponseBody Map uriTemplate(@PathVariable("userId") String loginUserId){        System.out.println("url的参数为:"+userId);        Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();        map.put("user", userId);        return map;    }        //测试另外一种json方式    @RequestMapping(value="/nextjson",produces="application/json")    //写在方法上还是返回参数前效果一致    //@ResponseBody    public @ResponseBody String testNextJson(){        return "json";    }        //调用业务类执行保存操作    @RequestMapping(value="/save",produces="application/json")    public @ResponseBody Map<String, String> testSave(){        this.testService.save();        Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();        map.put("isOk", "success");        return map;    }        //spring使用hibernate的valid进行数据校验    @RequestMapping("/login")    public String testValid(@Valid User user, BindingResult result){        if (result.hasErrors()){            List<ObjectError> errorList = result.getAllErrors();            for(ObjectError error : errorList){                System.out.println(error.getDefaultMessage());            }        }                   return "test";    }}

package com.tf.model1.bean;import javax.validation.constraints.Max;import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Email;import com.tf.common.db.PK;import com.tf.common.db.Table;/** * @Null限制只能为null@NotNull限制必须不为null@AssertFalse限制必须为false@AssertTrue限制必须为true@DecimalMax(value)限制必须为一个不大于指定值的数字@DecimalMin(value)限制必须为一个不小于指定值的数字@Digits(integer,fraction)限制必须为一个小数，且整数部分的位数不能超过integer，小数部分的位数不能超过fraction@Future限制必须是一个将来的日期@Max(value)限制必须为一个不大于指定值的数字@Min(value)限制必须为一个不小于指定值的数字@Past限制必须是一个过去的日期@Pattern(value)限制必须符合指定的正则表达式@Size(max,min)限制字符长度必须在min到max之间 *  * @author yzl * */@Table("T_USER")public class User {    @PK    private String userId;    @NotNull(message="名字不能为空")    private String userName;    @Max(value=120,message="年龄最大不能查过120")    private int age;    @Email(message="邮箱格式错误")    private String email;    public String getEmail() {        return email;    }    public void setEmail(String email) {        this.email = email;    }    public String getUserId() {        return userId;    }    public void setUserId(String userId) {        this.userId = userId;    }    public String getUserName() {        return userName;    }    public void setUserName(String userName) {        this.userName = userName;    }    public int getAge() {        return age;    }    public void setAge(int age) {        this.age = age;    }}

 <mvc:annotation-driven />的具体说明：

 <mvc:annotation-driven /> 是一种简写形式，完全可以手动配置替代这种简写形式，简写形式可以让初学都快速应用默认配置方案。

<mvc:annotation-driven /> 会自动注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping与AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter 两个bean,是spring MVC为@Controllers分发请求所必须的。
并提供了：数据绑定支持，@NumberFormatannotation支持，@DateTimeFormat支持，@Valid支持，读写XML的支持（JAXB），读写JSON的支持（Jackson）。