在redhat Linux 6.3上为oracle 11g RAC配置DBS服务器

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从oracle 11gR2开始，引入SCAN IP。在客户端的tnsnames.ora配置文件中，只需要配置SCANIP的配置信息即可，客户端通过SCAN IP、SCAN IP Listener来访问数据库。使用scan IP的好处是，当后台RAC数据库添加、删除节点时，客户端配置信息无需修改。可以通过配置DNS服务器或GNS来配置SCAN。

[root@dg named]# service iptables stop

[root@dg named]# chkconfig iptables off

[root@dg named]# vi /etc/selinux/config

SELINUX=enforcing

[root@dg ~]# hostname

dg.localdomain

[root@dg ~]# uname -r

2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64

[root@dg ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release6.3 (Santiago)

[root@dg ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network

NETWORKING=yes

HOSTNAME=dg.localdomain

GATEWAY=192.168.100.254

[root@dg ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf

# Generated by NetworkManager

search localdomain

# No nameservers found; try putting DNSservers into your

# ifcfg files in /etc/sysconfig/network-scriptslike so:

# DNS1=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

# DNS2=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

# DOMAIN=lab.foo.com bar.foo.com

[root@dg named]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

192.168.100.70 dg.localdomain dg

[root@dg ~]# ifconfig

eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr00:0C:29:90:C0:C8

inet addr:192.168.100.70 Bcast:192.168.100.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

[root@node1~]# cat /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4

::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

192.168.100.66 node1.localdomain node1

192.168.100.68 node1-vip.localdomain node1-vip

10.10.10.2 node1-priv.localdomain node1-priv

192.168.100.67 node2.localdomain node2

192.168.100.69 node2-vip.localdomain node2-vip

10.10.10.3 node2-priv.localdomain node2-priv

192.168.100.71 scan-cluster.localdomain scan-cluster

[root@dg ~]# yum installbind

[root@dg ~]# yum install bind-chroot

[root@dg ~]#yum install bind-utils

[root@dg ~]# vi/etc/named.conf

// named.conf

// Provided by Red Hat bind package toconfigure the ISC BIND named(8) DNS

// server as a caching only nameserver (asa localhost DNS resolver only).

// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ forexample named configuration files.

options {

listen-on port 53 { any; };

listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };

directory "/var/named";

dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";

statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";

memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";

allow-query { any; };

allow-query-cache { any; };

recursion no;

// dnssec-enable yes;

// dnssec-validation yes;

// dnssec-lookasideauto;

// /* Path to ISC DLVkey */

// bindkeys-file"/etc/named.iscdlv.key";

//managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic";

};

logging {

channel default_debug {

file"data/named.run";

severity dynamic;

};

zone "." IN {

type hint;

file "named.ca";

};

include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";

include "/etc/named.root.key";

named.rfc1912.zones，是named.conf的辅助区域配置文件。意思是除了根域外，其他所有的区域配置建议在named.rfc1912.zones文件中配置，主要是为了方便管理，不轻易破坏主配置文件named.conf。

在辅助区域配置文件named.rfc1912.zones中创建正向反向区域。

[root@dg ~]# vi /etc/named.rfc1912.zones

添加：

zone "localdomain" IN {

type master;

file "localdomain.zone";

allow-update { none; };

};

zone "100.168.192.in-addr.arpa"IN {

type master;

file "100.168.192.in-addr.arpa";

allow-update { none; };

};

正向区域：

zone 后面跟域名localdomain

type 为区域的类型，master为主DNS区域，如果是salve 则为辅助DNS区域。

file 后面跟对应区域数据库的配置文件，一般格式为域名.zone，可以有其他写法。

allow-update参数为none不允许客户端动态更新

反向区域：

zone 后面跟IP地址反写，除去最后一位。

file后面跟对应的反向区域数据库配置文件，一般格式为“ip.arpa”ip不包含最后一位。

通过模版创建对应的正向反向区域数据库文件。

数据库配置文件在/var/named/下。注意这里的配置文件名称和以上区域配置文件中设置的名称一样。请使用cp -p命令将named.localhost文件和权限一起复制.

[root@dg etc]# cd /var/named/

[root@dg named]# ll

total 32

drwxr-x---. 6 root named 4096Apr 2 15:50 chroot

drwxrwx---. 2 named named 4096 Jun 5 2012 data

drwxrwx---. 2 named named 4096 Jun 5 2012 dynamic

-rw-r-----. 1 root named 1892Feb 18 2008 named.ca

-rw-r-----. 1 root named 152 Dec 15 2009 named.empty

-rw-r-----. 1 root named 152 Jun 21 2007named.localhost

-rw-r-----. 1 root named 168 Dec 15 2009 named.loopback

drwxrwx---. 2 namednamed 4096 Jun 5 2012slaves

[root@dg named]# cp-p named.localhost localdomain.zone

[root@dg named]# cp-p named.localhost 100.168.192.in-addr.arpa

[root@dg named]# ll

total 40

-rw-r-----. 1 root named 208 Apr 3 10:30 100.168.192.in-addr.arpa

drwxr-x---. 6 root named 4096 Apr 2 15:50 chroot

drwxrwx---. 2 named named 4096 Apr 7 10:06 data

drwxrwx---. 2 named named 4096 Apr 9 09:00 dynamic

-rw-r-----. 1 root named 183 Apr 3 10:16 localdomain.zone

-rw-r-----. 1 root named 1892 Feb 18 2008 named.ca

-rw-r-----. 1 root named 152 Dec 15 2009 named.empty

-rw-r-----. 1 root named 152 Jun 21 2007named.localhost

-rw-r-----. 1 root named 168 Dec 15 2009 named.loopback

drwxrwx---. 2 named named 4096 Jun 5 2012slaves

修改正向区域数据库配置文件localdomain.zone，添加以下内容

scan-cluster A 192.168.100.71

修改反向区域数据库配置文件100.168.192.in-addr.arpa，添加以下内容

71 PTR scan-cluster.localdomain.

设置完成之后，通过自带的脚本启动named服务，第一次启动，会生成一个远程管理的key文件，会比较慢。

[root@dg named]# /etc/init.d/namedstart

Generating /etc/rndc.key:[ OK ]

Starting named: [ OK ]

可以通过 netstat -anpl | grep :53查看named服务的端口监听状态

[root@dg named]# netstat -anpl |grep :53

tcp 0 0 192.168.100.70:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1520/named

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1520/named

tcp 0 0 ::1:53 :::* LISTEN 1520/named

udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0:* 1645/avahi-daemon

udp 0 0192.168.100.70:53 0.0.0.0:* 1520/named

udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:53 0.0.0.0:* 1520/named

udp 0 0 ::1:53 :::* 1520/named

分别在RAC节点的/etc/resolv.conf配置文件中添加以下配置信息：

[root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf

# Generated by NetworkManager

search localdomain

nameserver 192.168.100.70

# No nameservers found; try putting DNSservers into your

# ifcfg files in/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts like so:

# DNS1=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

# DNS2=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

# DOMAIN=lab.foo.com bar.foo.com

最后，测试SCAN IP解析是否成功

[root@node1 ~]# nslookup 192.168.100.71

Server: 192.168.100.70

Address: 192.168.100.70#53

71.100.168.192.in-addr.arpa name = scan-cluster.localdomain.

最后在DNS服务器上设置named开机自启动

[root@dg named]# chkconfig named on

[root@dg named]# chkconfig --list named

named 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off

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