Do Lots of Deliberate Practice
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Do Lots of Deliberate Practice
Jon Jagger
DELiBERATE PRACTiCE iS NOT SiMPLY PERFORMiNG A TASK. If you ask yourself, “Why am I performing this task?” and your answer is, “To complete the task,” then you’re not doing deliberate practice.
You do deliberate practice to improve your ability to perform a task. It’s about skill and technique. Deliberate practice means repetition. It means performing the task with the aim of increasing your mastery of one or more aspects of the task. It means repeating the repetition. Slowly, over and over again, until you achieve your desired level of mastery. You do deliberate practice to master the task, not to complete the task.
The principal aim of paid development is to finish a product, whereas the principal aim of deliberate practice is to improve your performance. They are not the same. Ask yourself, how much of your time do you spend developing someone else’s product? How much developing yourself?
How much deliberate practice does it take to acquire expertise?
• Peter Norvig writes* that “it may be that 10,000 hours…is the magic number.”
• In Leading Lean Software Development (Addison-Wesley Professional), Mary Poppendieck notes that “it takes elite performers a minimum of 10,000 hours of deliberate focused practice to become experts.”
* http://norvig.com/21-days.html
44 97 Things Every Programmer Should Know

The expertise arrives gradually over time—not all at once in the 10,000th hour! Nevertheless, 10,000 hours is a lot: about 20 hours per week for 10 years. Given this level of commitment, you might be worrying that you’re just not expert material. You are. Greatness is largely a matter of conscious choice. Your choice. Research over the last two decades has shown that the main fac- tor in acquiring expertise is time spent doing deliberate practice. Innate ability is not the main factor. According to Mary Poppendieck:
There is broad consensus among researchers of expert performance that inborn talent does not account for much more than a threshold; you have to have a mini- mum amount of natural ability to get started in a sport or profession. After that, the people who excel are the ones who work the hardest.
There is little point to deliberately practicing something you are already an expert at. Deliberate practice means practicing something you are not good at. Peter Norvig explains:
The key [to developing expertise] is deliberative practice: not just doing it again and again, but challenging yourself with a task that is just beyond your current abil- ity, trying it, analyzing your performance while and after doing it, and correcting any mistakes.
And Mary Poppendieck writes:
Deliberate practice does not mean doing what you are good at; it means challeng- ing yourself, doing what you are not good at. So it’s not necessarily fun.
Deliberate practice is about learning—learning that changes you, learning that changes your behavior. Good luck.
- Do Lots of Deliberate Practice
- Do Lots of Deliberate Practice
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