黑马程序员----[20150505][多线程2]

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第二讲  多线程

1.线程间通信-示例代码

线程间通讯：
其实就是多个线程在操作同一个资源，
但是操作的动作不同。

class Res{String name;String sex;}class Input implements Runnable{private Res r ;Input(Res r){this.r = r;}public void run(){int x = 0;while(true){if(x==0){r.name="mike";r.sex="man";}else{r.name="丽丽";r.sex = "女女女女女";}x = (x+1)%2;}}}class Output implements Runnable{private Res r ;Output(Res r){this.r = r;}public void run(){while(true){System.out.println(r.name+"...."+r.sex);}}}class  InputOutputDemo{public static void main(String[] args) {Res r = new Res();Input in = new Input(r);Output out = new Output(r);Thread t1 = new Thread(in);Thread t2 = new Thread(out);t1.start();t2.start();}}

结果：

2.线程间通信-解决安全问题

class Res{String name;String sex;}class Input implements Runnable{private Res r ;Input(Res r){this.r = r;}public void run(){int x = 0;while(true){synchronized(r){if(x==0){r.name="mike";r.sex="man";}else{r.name="丽丽";r.sex = "女女女女女";}x = (x+1)%2;}}}}class Output implements Runnable{private Res r ;Output(Res r){this.r = r;}public void run(){while(true){synchronized(r){System.out.println(r.name+"...."+r.sex);}}}}class  InputOutputDemo{public static void main(String[] args) {Res r = new Res();Input in = new Input(r);Output out = new Output(r);Thread t1 = new Thread(in);Thread t2 = new Thread(out);t1.start();t2.start();}}

结果为：

3.线程间通信-等待唤醒机制

class Res{String name;String sex;boolean flag = false;}class Input implements Runnable{private Res r ;Input(Res r){this.r = r;}public void run(){int x = 0;while(true){synchronized(r){if(r.flag)try{r.wait();}catch(Exception e){}if(x==0){r.name="mike";r.sex="man";}else{r.name="丽丽";r.sex = "女女女女女";}x = (x+1)%2;r.flag = true;r.notify();}}}}class Output implements Runnable{private Res r ;Output(Res r){this.r = r;}public void run(){while(true){synchronized(r){if(!r.flag)try{r.wait();}catch(Exception e){}System.out.println(r.name+"...."+r.sex);r.flag = false;r.notify();}}}}class  InputOutputDemo{public static void main(String[] args) {Res r = new Res();Input in = new Input(r);Output out = new Output(r);Thread t1 = new Thread(in);Thread t2 = new Thread(out);t1.start();t2.start();}}

wait():
notify();
notifyAll();

都使用在同步中，因为要对持有监视器(锁)的线程操作。
所以要使用在同步中，因为只有同步才具有锁。

为什么这些操作线程的方法要定义Object类中呢？
因为这些方法在操作同步中线程时，都必须要标识它们所操作线程只有的锁，
只有同一个锁上的被等待线程，可以被同一个锁上notify唤醒。
不可以对不同锁中的线程进行唤醒。

也就是说，等待和唤醒必须是同一个锁。

而锁可以是任意对象，所以可以被任意对象调用的方法定义Object类中。

4.多线程通信-代码优化

class Res{private String name;private String sex;private boolean flag = false;public synchronized void set(String name,String sex){if(flag)try{this.wait();}catch(Exception e){}this.name = name;this.sex = sex;flag = true;this.notify();}public synchronized void out(){if(!flag)try{this.wait();}catch(Exception e){}System.out.println(name+"........"+sex);flag = false;this.notify();}}class Input implements Runnable{private Res r ;Input(Res r){this.r = r;}public void run(){int x = 0;while(true){if(x==0)r.set("mike","man");elser.set("丽丽","女女女女女");x = (x+1)%2;}}}class Output implements Runnable{private Res r ;Output(Res r){this.r = r;}public void run(){while(true){r.out();}}}class  InputOutputDemo2{public static void main(String[] args) {Res r = new Res();new Thread(new Input(r)).start();new Thread(new Output(r)).start();/*Input in = new Input(r);Output out = new Output(r);Thread t1 = new Thread(in);Thread t2 = new Thread(out);t1.start();t2.start();*/}}

5.线程间通信-生产者消费者

class Resource{private String name;private int count = 1;private boolean flag = false;//  t1    t2public synchronized void set(String name){while(flag)try{this.wait();}catch(Exception e){}//t1(放弃资格)  t2(获取资格)this.name = name+"--"+count++;System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...生产者.."+this.name);flag = true;this.notifyAll();}//  t3   t4  public synchronized void out(){while(!flag)try{wait();}catch(Exception e){}//t3(放弃资格) t4(放弃资格)System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...消费者........."+this.name);flag = false;this.notifyAll();}}class Producer implements Runnable{private Resource res;Producer(Resource res){this.res = res;}public void run(){while(true){res.set("+商品+");}}}class Consumer implements Runnable{private Resource res;Consumer(Resource res){this.res = res;}public void run(){while(true){res.out();}}}class ProducerConsumerDemo {public static void main(String[] args) {Resource r = new Resource();Producer pro = new Producer(r);Consumer con = new Consumer(r);Thread t1 = new Thread(pro);Thread t2 = new Thread(pro);Thread t3 = new Thread(con);Thread t4 = new Thread(con);t1.start();t2.start();t3.start();t4.start();}}

运行结果为：

对于多个生产者和消费者。
为什么要定义while判断标记。
原因：让被唤醒的线程再一次判断标记。

为什么定义notifyAll，
因为需要唤醒对方线程。
因为只用notify，容易出现只唤醒本方线程的情况。导致程序中的所有线程都等待。

6.线程间通信-生产者消费者JDK5.0升级版

JDK1.5 中提供了多线程升级解决方案。
将同步Synchronized替换成现实Lock操作。
将Object中的wait，notify notifyAll，替换了Condition对象。
该对象可以Lock锁 进行获取。
该示例中，实现了本方只唤醒对方操作。

Lock:替代了Synchronized
lock 
unlock
newCondition()

Condition：替代了Object wait notify notifyAll
await();
signal();
signalAll();

class ProducerConsumerDemo2 {public static void main(String[] args) {Resource r = new Resource();Producer pro = new Producer(r);Consumer con = new Consumer(r);Thread t1 = new Thread(pro);Thread t2 = new Thread(pro);Thread t3 = new Thread(con);Thread t4 = new Thread(con);t1.start();t2.start();t3.start();t4.start();}}class Resource{private String name;private int count = 1;private boolean flag = false;//  t1    t2private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();private Condition condition_pro = lock.newCondition();private Condition condition_con = lock.newCondition();public  void set(String name)throws InterruptedException{lock.lock();try{while(flag)condition_pro.await();//t1,t2this.name = name+"--"+count++;System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...生产者.."+this.name);flag = true;condition_con.signal();}finally{lock.unlock();//释放锁的动作一定要执行。}}//  t3   t4  public  void out()throws InterruptedException{lock.lock();try{while(!flag)condition_con.await();System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...消费者........."+this.name);flag = false;condition_pro.signal();}finally{lock.unlock();}}}class Producer implements Runnable{private Resource res;Producer(Resource res){this.res = res;}public void run(){while(true){try{res.set("+商品+");}catch (InterruptedException e){}}}}class Consumer implements Runnable{private Resource res;Consumer(Resource res){this.res = res;}public void run(){while(true){try{res.out();}catch (InterruptedException e){}}}}

7.停止线程

stop方法已经过时。

如何停止线程？
只有一种，run方法结束。
开启多线程运行，运行代码通常是循环结构。

只要控制住循环，就可以让run方法结束，也就是线程结束。

特殊情况：
当线程处于了冻结状态。
就不会读取到标记。那么线程就不会结束。

当没有指定的方式让冻结的线程恢复到运行状态是，这时需要对冻结进行清除。
强制让线程恢复到运行状态中来。这样就可以操作标记让线程结束。

Thread类提供该方法 interrupt();

8.守护线程

class StopThread implements Runnable{private boolean flag =true;public  void run(){while(flag){System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"....run");}}public void changeFlag(){flag = false;}}class  StopThreadDemo{public static void main(String[] args) {StopThread st = new StopThread();Thread t1 = new Thread(st);Thread t2 = new Thread(st);t1.setDaemon(true);t2.setDaemon(true);t1.start();t2.start();int num = 0;while(true){if(num++ == 60){//st.changeFlag();//t1.interrupt();//t2.interrupt();break;}System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"......."+num);}System.out.println("over");}}

9.Join方法

join:
当A线程执行到了B线程的.join()方法时，A就会等待。等B线程都执行完，A才会执行。

join可以用来临时加入线程执行。

class Demo implements Runnable{public void run(){for(int x=0; x<70; x++){System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().toString()+"....."+x);}}}class  JoinDemo{public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{Demo d = new Demo();Thread t1 = new Thread(d);Thread t2 = new Thread(d);t1.start();t2.start();t1.join();for(int x=0; x<80; x++){System.out.println("main....."+x);}System.out.println("over");}}

10.优先级yield方法

class Demo implements Runnable{public void run(){for(int x=0; x<70; x++){System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().toString()+"....."+x);Thread.yield();}}}class  JoinDemo{public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{Demo d = new Demo();Thread t1 = new Thread(d);Thread t2 = new Thread(d);t1.start();t1.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);t2.start();//t1.join();for(int x=0; x<80; x++){System.out.println("main....."+x);}System.out.println("over");}}

开发中用到的技巧写法：

class ThreadTest {public static void main(String[] args) {new Thread(){public void run(){for(int x=0; x<100; x++){System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"....."+x);}}}.start();for(int x=0; x<100; x++){System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"....."+x);}Runnable r  = new Runnable(){public void run(){for(int x=0; x<100; x++){System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"....."+x);}}};new Thread(r).start();//new Test1().start();}}