二叉排序树

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概述

  二叉排序树又称“二叉查找树”、“二叉搜索树”。二叉排序树:或者是一棵空树,或者是具有下列性质的二叉树:

  1. 若它的左子树不空,则左子树上所有结点的值均小于它的根结点的值;
  2. 若它的右子树不空,则右子树上所有结点的值均大于它的根结点的值;
  3. 它的左、右子树也分别为二叉排序树。

理论参考

http://www.cnblogs.com/zhuyf87/archive/2012/11/09/2763113.html
http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-22663647-id-1771796.html
http://blog.csdn.net/hackbuteer1/article/details/6583988

代码(PHP)

1.二叉树类

在这个类中完成基本二叉树定义,包括定义属性(当前节点值,左子树,右子树)和一些基本方法(先序遍历,中序遍历,后序遍历)。

//定义一个二叉树class BTree{    protected $key   = null;//当前节点值    protected $left  = null;//左子树    protected $right = null;//右子树    //构造函数    public function __construct($i_key=null,$i_left=null,$i_right=null){        $this->key = $i_key;        $this->left = $i_left;        $this->right = $i_right;    }    //析构函数    public function __destruct(){        $this->key = null;        $this->left = null;        $this->right = null;    }    //先序遍历,非递归实现    public function preOrderTraversal(){        $arr = array();        $stack=array();        $temp_tree = $this;        while($temp_tree != null){            $arr[] = $temp_tree->key;            array_push($stack,$temp_tree);            $temp_tree = $temp_tree->left;        }        while(!empty($stack)){            $temp_tree = array_pop($stack);            $temp_tree = $temp_tree->right;            while($temp_tree != null){                $arr[] = $temp_tree->key;                array_push($stack,$temp_tree);                $temp_tree = $temp_tree->left;            }        }        return $arr;    }    //中序遍历,非递归实现    public function inOrderTraversal(){        $arr= array();  //存放遍历结果        $stack = array();//存放节点栈        $temp_tree =$this;        while($temp_tree != null || !empty($stack)){            while($temp_tree != null){                array_push($stack,$temp_tree);                $temp_tree = $temp_tree->left;            }            if(!empty($stack)){                $temp_tree = array_pop($stack);                $arr[]=$temp_tree->key;                $temp_tree = $temp_tree->right;            }        }        return $arr;    }    //后续遍历,非递归实现    public function postOrderTraversal(){        $arr= array();  //存放遍历结果        $stack = array();//存放节点栈        $temp_tree =$this;        $previsit =null;        while($temp_tree != null || !empty($stack)){            while($temp_tree !=null){                array_push($stack,$temp_tree);                $temp_tree =$temp_tree->left;            }            $temp_tree = array_pop($stack);            if($temp_tree->right == null || $temp_tree->right == $previsit){                $arr[] = $temp_tree->key;                $previsit = $temp_tree;                $temp_tree = null;            }else{                array_push($stack,$temp_tree);                $temp_tree = $temp_tree->right;            }        }        return $arr;    }}

2.二叉排序树类

该类继承与二叉树类(BTree),完成二叉排序树的插入节点,查找节点,删除节点。

//定义二叉排序树class BinarySortTree extends BTree{    //插入一个节点到当前树中    public function insertNode($key){        if($this->key == null){//如果是空树,插入到首节点。            $this->key = $key;            return;        }        $temp_tree =$this;//当前子树        while($temp_tree !=null){            if($temp_tree->key == $key){                break;            }            if($temp_tree->key > $key){//左子树                if($temp_tree->left == null){                    $temp_tree->left = new BinarySortTree($key);                    break;                }else{                    $temp_tree = $temp_tree->left;                }            }            if($temp_tree->key < $key){//右子树插入                if($temp_tree->right == null){                    $temp_tree->right = new BinarySortTree($key);                    break;                }else{                    $temp_tree = $temp_tree->right;                }            }        }    }    //查找一个节点,找到返回该节点及其子树,否则返回null    public function searchNode($key){        $temp_tree =$this;//当前子树        while($temp_tree !=null){            if($temp_tree->key == $key){                break;            }            if($temp_tree->key > $key){//左子树                if($temp_tree->left == null){                    $temp_tree = null;                    break;                }else{                    $temp_tree = $temp_tree->left;                }            }            if($temp_tree->key < $key){//右子树插入                if($temp_tree->right == null){                    $temp_tree=null;                    break;                }else{                    $temp_tree = $temp_tree->right;                }            }        }        return $temp_tree;    }    //删除一个节点    public function deleteNode($key){        $parent_tree =null;//要删除节点的父节点树        $temp_tree = $this;//要删除的节点        $in_side = 0;       //要删除的节点在父节点树的哪边        //找到要删除的节点极其父节点        while($temp_tree !=null && ($temp_tree->key != $key)){            if($temp_tree->key > $key){//左子树                if($temp_tree->left == null){                    $temp_tree = null;                    break;                }else{                    $in_side =0;                    $parent_tree = $temp_tree;                    $temp_tree = $temp_tree->left;                }            }else{//右子树                if($temp_tree->right == null){                    $temp_tree=null;                    break;                }else{                    $in_side =1;                    $parent_tree = $temp_tree;                    $temp_tree = $temp_tree->right;                }            }        }        //根据不同情况进行删除操作        if($temp_tree != null){//当前节点存在            $p_side =null;            //开始删除            if($temp_tree->left == null){                //如果要删除节点左边为空,就将右边赋给parent;                $p_side = $temp_tree->right;            }else if($temp_tree->right == null){                //如果要删除节点右边边为空,就将左边赋给parent;                $p_side = $temp_tree->left;            }else{                //都不为空,找到要删除节点左子树的最大的节点,极其该节点的父节点                $lMax =$temp_tree->right;//左子树最大节点                $p_lMax = $temp_tree;                while($lMax->right != null){                    if($lMax->right->right == null){                        $p_lMax = $lMax;                    }                    $lMax = $lMax->right;                }                $p_lMax->right = $lMax->left;                $lMax->left = $temp_tree->left;                $lMax->right = $temp_tree->right;                $p_side = $lMax;            }            //设置父节点            if($parent_tree != null){//不是根节点删除                //引用当前父节点的某一边。                if($in_side == 0){                    $parent_tree->left  = $p_side;                }else{                    $parent_tree->right = $p_side;                }            }else{                $this->key = $p_side->key;                $this->left = $p_side->left;                $this->right = $p_side->right;            }        }    }}

3.调用

$item = array(50, 30, 20,35,33,40,36, 100, 56, 78);$root = new BinarySortTree();foreach($item as $key){    $root->insertNode($key);}var_dump($root);echo '先序遍历:'.implode(',',$root->preOrderTraversal()).'<br>';echo '中序遍历:'.implode(',',$root->inOrderTraversal()).'<br>';echo '后序遍历:'.implode(',',$root->postOrderTraversal()).'<br>';$root->deleteNode('30');echo '删除节点后的先序遍历:'.implode(',',$root->preOrderTraversal()).'<br>';

结果

二叉排序树PHP

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