C++实践参考——职员有薪水了

【项目 - 职员有薪水了】
（1）定义一个名为CPerson的类，有以下私有成员:姓名、身份证号、性别和年龄，成员函数：构造函数、析构函数、输出信息的函数。并在此基础上派生出CEmployee类，派生类CEmployee增加了两个新的数据成员，分别用于表示部门和薪水。要求派生类CEmployee的构造函数显示调用基类CPerson的构造函数，并为派生类CEmployee定义析构函数，定义输出信息的函数。

class CPerson{protected:    string m_szName;    string m_szId;    int m_nSex;//0:women,1:man    int m_nAge;public:    CPerson(string name,string id,int sex,int age);    void Show1();    ~CPerson();};class CEmployee:public CPerson{private:    string m_szDepartment;    double m_Salary;public:    CEmployee(string name,string id,int sex,int age,string department,double salary);    void Show2();    ~CEmployee();};int main(){    string name,id,department;    int sex,age;    double salary;    cout<<"input employee's name,id,sex(0:women,1:man),age,department,salary:\n";    cin>>name>>id>>sex>>age>>department>>salary;    CEmployee employee1(name,id,sex,age,department,salary);    employee1.Show2();    return 0;}

下面的运行结果供参考：

[参考解答]

#include <iostream>#include <string>#include <iomanip>using namespace std;class CPerson{protected:    string m_szName;    string m_szId;    int m_nSex;//0:women,1:man    int m_nAge;public:    CPerson(string name,string id,int sex,int age);    void Show1();    ~CPerson();};class CEmployee:public CPerson{private:    string m_szDepartment;    double m_Salary;public:    CEmployee(string name,string id,int sex,int age,string department,double salary);    void Show2();    ~CEmployee();};CPerson::CPerson(string name,string id,int sex,int age){    m_szName=name;    m_szId=id;    m_nSex=sex;    m_nAge=age;}void CPerson::Show1(){    cout<<setw(10)<<m_szName<<setw(25)<<m_szId;    if(m_nSex==0)        cout<<setw(7)<<"women";    else        cout<<setw(7)<<"man";    cout<<setw(5)<<m_nAge<<endl;}CPerson::~CPerson() { }CEmployee::CEmployee(string name,string id,int sex,int age,string department,double salary)    :CPerson(name,id,sex,age){    m_szDepartment=department;    m_Salary=salary;}void CEmployee::Show2(){    cout<<setw(10)<<"name"<<setw(25)<<"id"<<setw(7)<<"sex"<<setw(5)<<"age"<<setw(12)<<"department"<<setw(10)<<"salary"<<endl;    cout<<setw(10)<<m_szName<<setw(25)<<m_szId;    if(m_nSex==0)        cout<<setw(7)<<"women";    else        cout<<setw(7)<<"man";    cout<<setw(5)<<m_nAge;    //由于基类CPerson的成员变量采用了protected属性，因此可采用上述述代码实现，否则若    //基类CPerson的成员变量采用了privated属性，则只能使用CPerson::Show();实现    cout<<setw(12)<<m_szDepartment<<setw(10)<<m_Salary<<endl;}CEmployee::~CEmployee() {}int main(){    string name,id,department;    int sex,age;    double salary;    cout<<"input employee's name,id,sex(0:women,1:man),age,department,salary:\n";    cin>>name>>id>>sex>>age>>department>>salary;    CEmployee employee1(name,id,sex,age,department,salary);    employee1.Show2();    return 0;}

（2）字符串除了用C++扩充的string类型外，按C语言的传统，还可以用char *表示。请将类声明中的string全部改为char *后，重新写一遍程序（此时的区别是，类中有指针成员，构造和析构函数需要考虑深复制的问题了。）

class CPerson{protected:    char *m_szName;    char *m_szId;    int m_nSex;//0:women,1:man    int m_nAge;public:    CPerson(char *name,char *id,int sex,int age);    void Show1();    ~CPerson();};class CEmployee:public CPerson{private:    char *m_szDepartment;    float m_Salary;public:    CEmployee(char *name,char *id,int sex,int age,char *department,float salary);    void Show2();    ~CEmployee();};int main(){    char name[10],id[19],department[10];    int sex,age;    float salary;    cout<<"input employee's name,id,sex(0:women,1:man),age,department,salary:\n";    cin>>name>>id>>sex>>age>>department>>salary;    CEmployee employee1(name,id,sex,age,department,salary);    employee1.Show2();    return 0;}

[参考解答]

#include <iostream>#include <string.h>#include <iomanip>using namespace std;class CPerson{protected:    char *m_szName;    char *m_szId;    int m_nSex;//0:women,1:man    int m_nAge;public:    CPerson(char *name,char *id,int sex,int age);    void Show1();    ~CPerson();};class CEmployee:public CPerson{private:    char *m_szDepartment;    float m_Salary;public:    CEmployee(char *name,char *id,int sex,int age,char *department,float salary);    void Show2();    ~CEmployee();};CPerson::CPerson(char *name,char *id,int sex,int age){    m_szName=new char[strlen(name)+1];    strcpy(m_szName,name);    m_szId=new char[strlen(id)+1];    strcpy(m_szId,id);    m_nSex=sex;    m_nAge=age;}void CPerson::Show1(){    cout<<setw(10)<<m_szName<<setw(25)<<m_szId;//setw:设置输出数据的宽度,使用时应#include <iomanip.h>    if(m_nSex==0)        cout<<setw(7)<<"women";    else        cout<<setw(7)<<"man";    cout<<setw(5)<<m_nAge<<endl;}CPerson::~CPerson(){    delete [ ]m_szName;    delete [ ]m_szId;}CEmployee::CEmployee(char *name,char *id,int sex,int age,char *department,float salary)    :CPerson(name,id,sex,age){    m_szDepartment=new char[strlen(department)+1];    strcpy(m_szDepartment,department);    m_Salary=salary;}void CEmployee::Show2()//注意派生类输出函数应输出所有成员变量（含基类继承的成员变量）的值{    cout<<setw(10)<<"name"<<setw(25)<<"id"<<setw(7)<<"sex"<<setw(5)<<"age"<<setw(12)<<"department"<<setw(10)<<"salary"<<endl;    cout<<setw(10)<<m_szName<<setw(25)<<m_szId;    if(m_nSex==0)        cout<<setw(7)<<"women";    else        cout<<setw(7)<<"man";    cout<<setw(5)<<m_nAge;    //由于基类CPerson的成员变量采用了protected属性，因此可采用上述述代码实现，否则若    //基类CPerson的成员变量采用了privated属性，则只能使用CPerson::Show();实现    cout<<setw(12)<<m_szDepartment<<setw(10)<<m_Salary<<endl;}CEmployee::~CEmployee(){    delete [ ]m_szDepartment;}int main(){    char name[10],id[19],department[10];    int sex,age;    float salary;    cout<<"input employee's name,id,sex(0:women,1:man),age,department,salary:\n";    cin>>name>>id>>sex>>age>>department>>salary;    CEmployee employee1(name,id,sex,age,department,salary);    employee1.Show2();    return 0;}