c++ regex && sed正则表达式删除控制台特殊控制符

在c++中，有三种正则可以选择使用，C ++regex，C regex，boost regex ，如果在windows下开发c++，默认不支持后面两种正则，如果想快速应用，显然C++ regex 比较方便使用。文章将讨论C++ regex 正则表达式的使用。

C++ regex函数有3个：regex_match、 regex_search 、regex_replace

regex_match

regex_match是正则表达式匹配的函数，下面以例子说明。如果想系统的了解，参考regex_match

// regex_match example#include <iostream>#include <string>#include <regex>int main (){  if (std::regex_match ("subject", std::regex("(sub)(.*)") ))    std::cout << "string literal matched\n";  std::string s ("subject");  std::regex e ("(sub)(.*)");  if (std::regex_match (s,e))    std::cout << "string object matched\n";  if ( std::regex_match ( s.begin(), s.end(), e ) )    std::cout << "range matched\n";  std::cmatch cm;    // same as std::match_results<const char*> cm;  std::regex_match ("subject",cm,e);  std::cout << "string literal with " << cm.size() << " matches\n";  std::smatch sm;    // same as std::match_results<string::const_iterator> sm;  std::regex_match (s,sm,e);  std::cout << "string object with " << sm.size() << " matches\n";  std::regex_match ( s.cbegin(), s.cend(), sm, e);  std::cout << "range with " << sm.size() << " matches\n";  // using explicit flags:  std::regex_match ( "subject", cm, e, std::regex_constants::match_default );  std::cout << "the matches were: ";  for (unsigned i=0; i<sm.size(); ++i) {    std::cout << "[" << sm[i] << "] ";  }  std::cout << std::endl;  return 0;}

输出如下：

string literal matchedstring object matchedrange matchedstring literal with 3 matchesstring object with 3 matchesrange with 3 matchesthe matches were: [subject] [sub] [ject]

regex_search

regex_match是另外一个正则表达式匹配的函数，下面是regex_search的例子。regex_search和regex_match的主要区别是：regex_match是全词匹配，而regex_search是搜索其中匹配的字符串。如果想系统了解，请参考regex_search

// regex_search example#include <iostream>#include <regex>#include <string>int main(){  std::string s ("this subject has a submarine as a subsequence");  std::smatch m;  std::regex e ("\\b(sub)([^ ]*)");   // matches words beginning by "sub"  std::cout << "Target sequence: " << s << std::endl;  std::cout << "Regular expression: /\\b(sub)([^ ]*)/" << std::endl;  std::cout << "The following matches and submatches were found:" << std::endl;  while (std::regex_search (s,m,e)) {    for (auto x=m.begin();x!=m.end();x++)       std::cout << x->str() << " ";    std::cout << "--> ([^ ]*) match " << m.format("$2") <<std::endl;    s = m.suffix().str();  }}

输出如下：

Target sequence: this subject has a submarine as a subsequenceRegular expression: /\b(sub)([^ ]*)/The following matches and submatches were found:subject sub ject --> ([^ ]*) match jectsubmarine sub marine --> ([^ ]*) match marinesubsequence sub sequence --> ([^ ]*) match sequence

regex_replace

regex_replace是替换正则表达式匹配内容的函数，下面是regex_replace的例子。如果想系统了解，请参考regex_replace

#include <regex> #include <iostream>  int main() {     char buf[20];     const char *first = "axayaz";     const char *last = first + strlen(first);     std::regex rx("a");     std::string fmt("A");     std::regex_constants::match_flag_type fonly =         std::regex_constants::format_first_only;      *std::regex_replace(&buf[0], first, last, rx, fmt) = '\0';     std::cout << &buf[0] << std::endl;      *std::regex_replace(&buf[0], first, last, rx, fmt, fonly) = '\0';     std::cout << &buf[0] << std::endl;      std::string str("adaeaf");     std::cout << std::regex_replace(str, rx, fmt) << std::endl;      std::cout << std::regex_replace(str, rx, fmt, fonly) << std::endl;      return 0; } 

输出如下：

AxAyAzAxayazAdAeAfAdaeaf

C++ regex正则表达式的规则和其他编程语言差不多，如下：

特殊字符（用于匹配很难形容的字符）:

charactersdescriptionmatches.not newlineany character except line terminators (LF, CR, LS, PS).\ttab (HT)a horizontal tab character (same as \u0009).\nnewline (LF)a newline (line feed) character (same as \u000A).\vvertical tab (VT)a vertical tab character (same as \u000B).\fform feed (FF)a form feed character (same as \u000C).\rcarriage return (CR)a carriage return character (same as \u000D).\clettercontrol codea control code character whose code unit value is the same as the remainder of dividing the code unit value of letter by 32.
For example: \ca is the same as \u0001, \cb the same as \u0002, and so on...\xhhASCII charactera character whose code unit value has an hex value equivalent to the two hex digits hh.
For example: \x4c is the same as L, or \x23 the same as #.\uhhhhunicode charactera character whose code unit value has an hex value equivalent to the four hex digitshhhh.\0nulla null character (same as \u0000).\intbackreferencethe result of the submatch whose opening parenthesis is the int-th (int shall begin by a digit other than 0). See groups below for more info.\ddigita decimal digit character \Dnot digitany character that is not a decimal digit character\swhitespacea whitespace character \Snot whitespaceany character that is not a whitespace character\wwordan alphanumeric or underscore character \Wnot wordany character that is not an alphanumeric or underscore character\charactercharacterthe character character as it is, without interpreting its special meaning within a regex expression.
Any character can be escaped except those which form any of the special character sequences above.
Needed for: ^ $ \ . * + ? ( ) [ ] { } |[class]character classthe target character is part of the class [^class]negated character classthe target character is not part of the class 注意了，在C++反斜杠字符（\）会被转义

std::regex e1 ("\\d");  //  \d -> 匹配数字字符

std::regex e2 ("\\\\"); //  \\ -> 匹配反斜杠字符

数量：

characterstimeseffects*0 or moreThe preceding atom is matched 0 or more times.+1 or moreThe preceding atom is matched 1 or more times.?0 or 1The preceding atom is optional (matched either 0 times or once).{int}intThe preceding atom is matched exactly int times.{int,}int or moreThe preceding atom is matched int or more times.{min,max}between min and maxThe preceding atom is matched at least min times, but not more than max.

注意了，模式 "(a+).*" 匹配 "aardvark" 将匹配到 aa，模式 "(a+?).*" 匹配 "aardvark" 将匹配到 a

组（用以匹配连续的多个字符）:

charactersdescriptioneffects(subpattern)GroupCreates a backreference.(?:subpattern)Passive groupDoes not create a backreference.注意了，第一种将创建一个反向引用，用于提取匹配到的内容，第二种则没有，相对来说性能方面也没这部分的开销

charactersdescriptioncondition for match^Beginning of lineEither it is the beginning of the target sequence, or follows a line terminator.$End of lineEither it is the end of the target sequence, or precedes a line terminator.|SeparatorSeparates two alternative patterns or subpatterns..

单个字符

[abc] 匹配 a, b 或 c.
[^xyz] 匹配任何非 x, y, z的字符

范围
[a-z] 匹配任何小写字母 (a, b, c, ..., z).
[abc1-5] 匹配 a, b , c, 或 1 到 5 的数字.

c++ regex还有一种类POSIX的写法

classdescriptionequivalent (with regex_traits, default locale)[:alnum:]alpha-numerical characterisalnum[:alpha:]alphabetic characterisalpha[:blank:]blank characterisblank[:cntrl:]control characteriscntrl[:digit:]decimal digit characterisdigit[:graph:]character with graphical representationisgraph[:lower:]lowercase letterislower[:print:]printable characterisprint[:punct:]punctuation mark characterispunct[:space:]whitespace characterisspace[:upper:]uppercase letterisupper[:xdigit:]hexadecimal digit characterisxdigit[:d:]decimal digit characterisdigit[:w:]word characterisalnum[:s:]whitespace characterisspace

sed例子：

Remove color codes (special characters) with sed

Remove color codes (special characters) with sed

sed -r "s/\x1B\[([0-9]{1,2}(;[0-9]{1,2})?)?[m|K]//g"

Remove ( color / special / escape / ANSI ) codes, from text, with sed

Remove ( color / special / escape / ANSI ) codes, from text, with sed

Credit to the original folks who I've copied this command from.

The diff here is:

Theirs: [m|K]

Theirs is supposed to remove \E[NUMBERS;NUMBERS[m OR K]

This statement is incorrect in 2 ways.

1. The letters m and K are two of more than 20+ possible letters that can end these sequences.

2. Inside []'s , OR is already assumed, so they are also looking for sequences ending with | which is not correct.

This : [a-zA-Z]

This resolves the "OR" issue noted above, and takes care of all sequences, as they all end with a lower or upper cased letter.

This ensures 100% of any escape code 'mess' is removed.

sed "s,\x1B\[[0-9;]*[a-zA-Z],,g"