JUnit4 多线程执行测试用例
来源:互联网 发布:软件过程的概念 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/04/30 01:44
转载地址:http://testerhome.com/topics/2502
前言:
之前发过类似的文章,现重新调整了部分格式,部分内容稍作调整和添加,便于阅读。
评论中,有人说直接使用TestNG,就可以实现多线程,是的,但是方式不一样;我们是按照自己的需求对JUnit4自定义多线程Runner,直接在某个类加上相应的注解即可,运行该类就行,支持类和方法级别;TestNG只在方法上有注解 @Test(threadPoolSize = m, invocationCount = n, timeOut = i)实现了对这个方法进行多线程重复跑,threadPoolSize多少个线程执行该方法,invocationCount被执行次数,timeOut每次执行该方法的超时时间,这仅是用多线程重复执行这一个方法,而不是类下面的所有方法同时并发执行,并不是所谓的方法级别并发;TestNG是在xml指定并发的类,方法,组件,具体参照TestNG Executing Parallel Tests Example。
这里不讨论TestNG与JUnit4谁好谁坏,JUnit 4 vs TestNG,只要能满足自己的业务需要即可。
本文仅针对JUnit4进行二次开发。
JUnit4本身是支持多线程,但没有提供多线程的注解;本文将介绍JUnit4自身的多线程实现,自定义对单个类进行多线程执行的Runner和自定义聚合多个类进行多线程执行的Runner。
(一)JUnit4自身的多线程实现
JUnit4提供了ParallerComputer类来使用多线程执行测试用例。
java.lang.Object
extended by org.junit.runner.Computer
extended by org.junit.experimental.ParallelComputer
源码如下:
001 package org.junit.experimental;002 003 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;004 import java.util.concurrent.Executors;005 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;006 007 import org.junit.runner.Computer;008 import org.junit.runner.Runner;009 import org.junit.runners.ParentRunner;010 import org.junit.runners.model.InitializationError;011 import org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder;012 import org.junit.runners.model.RunnerScheduler;013 014 public class ParallelComputer extends Computer {015 private final boolean classes;016 017 private final boolean methods;018 019 public ParallelComputer(boolean classes, boolean methods) {020 this.classes = classes;021 this.methods = methods;022 }023 024 public static Computer classes() {025 return new ParallelComputer(true, false);026 }027 028 public static Computer methods() {029 return new ParallelComputer(false, true);030 }031 032 private static Runner parallelize(Runner runner) {033 if (runner instanceof ParentRunner) {034 ((ParentRunner<?>) runner).setScheduler(new RunnerScheduler() {035 private final ExecutorService fService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();036 037 public void schedule(Runnable childStatement) {038 fService.submit(childStatement);039 }040 041 public void finished() {042 try {043 fService.shutdown();044 fService.awaitTermination(Long.MAX_VALUE, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);045 } catch (InterruptedException e) {046 e.printStackTrace(System.err);047 }048 }049 });050 }051 return runner;052 }053 // 类的维度054 @Override055 public Runner getSuite(RunnerBuilder builder, java.lang.Class<?>[] classes)056 throws InitializationError {057 Runner suite = super.getSuite(builder, classes);058 return this.classes ? parallelize(suite) : suite;059 }060 // 方法的维度061 @Override062 protected Runner getRunner(RunnerBuilder builder, Class<?> testClass)063 throws Throwable {064 Runner runner = super.getRunner(builder, testClass);065 return methods ? parallelize(runner) : runner;066 }067 }
ParallelComputer类中parallelize(Runner runner)方法重写了
ParentRunner类的方法runner.setScheduler(RunnerSchedulerscheduler) ,重新定义了调度顺序,定义了一个线程池 private final ExecutorService fService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool()来多线程执行,运行结束后finished(),关闭线程池fService.shutdown(),并返回该runner。
其中ParallelComputer类重写了父类 Computer的getSuite()和getRunner:
@Override public Runner getSuite(RunnerBuilder builder, java.lang.Class<?>[] classes) throws InitializationError { Runner suite = super.getSuite(builder, classes); return this.classes ? parallelize(suite) : suite; } @Override protected Runner getRunner(RunnerBuilder builder, Class<?> testClass) throws Throwable { Runner runner = super.getRunner(builder, testClass); return methods ? parallelize(runner) : runner; }
getSuite()和getRunner()根据ParallelComputer类的全局final变量classes和methods的值去决定是否多线程执行;
classes为true时,并发以类为维度,如下:return this.classes ? parallelize(suite) : suite;
methods为true时,并发以方法为维度,如下:return methods ? parallelize(runner) : runner;
ParallelComputer类提供了带参的构造函数:public ParallelComputer(boolean classes, boolean methods)
可以在类初始化时,直接定义多线程执行(不同维度)的对象。
JUnitCore类中的方法runClasses():public static Result runClasses(Computer computer,Class<?>... classes)
,可以在main()函数里直接运行测试用例,参数Computer是ParallelComputer的父类,可以直接new ParallelComputer(boolean classes, boolean methods)对象作为第一个形参。
实例1:
public class A { @Test public void a() { assertThat(3, is(1)); } @Test public void b() { assertThat(3, not(1)); }}
public class B { @Test public void c() { assertThat(3, greaterThan(1)); } @Test public void d() { assertThat(3, lessThan(1)); }}
public class ParallelTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Class[] cls = { A.class, B.class }; Result rt; // 并发以类为维度 // rt = JUnitCore.runClasses(ParallelComputer.classes(), cls); // 并发以方法为维度 // rt = JUnitCore.runClasses(ParallelComputer.methods(), cls); // 并发以类和方法为维度 rt = JUnitCore.runClasses(new ParallelComputer(true, true), cls); System.out.println(rt.getRunCount() + " " + rt.getFailures() + " " + rt.getRunTime()); }}
// A,B两个类并发执行,但类的方法还是串行执行;
JUnitCore.runClasses(ParallelComputer.classes(), cls);
// A,B两个类串行执行,但类的方法并发执行
JUnitCore.runClasses(ParallelComputer.methods(), cls);
// A,B两个类并发执行,其方法也并发执行
JUnitCore.runClasses(new ParallelComputer(true, true), cls);
(二)自定义对单个类进行多线程执行的Runner
package com.weibo.concurrent;import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;import org.junit.runner.notification.RunNotifier;import org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner;import org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod;import org.junit.runners.model.InitializationError;import org.junit.runners.model.Statement;/** * Runs all tests in parallel and waits for them to complete. * */public class MultiThreadedRunner extends BlockJUnit4ClassRunner { private AtomicInteger numThreads; public static int maxThreads = 10; public MultiThreadedRunner (Class<?> klass) throws InitializationError { super (klass); numThreads = new AtomicInteger(0); } // Runs the test corresponding to child,which can be assumed to be an element of the list returned by getChildren() @Override protected void runChild(final FrameworkMethod method, final RunNotifier notifier) { while (numThreads.get() > maxThreads) { try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { System.err.println ("Interrupted: " + method.getName()); e.printStackTrace(); return; // The user may have interrupted us; this won't happen normally } } numThreads.incrementAndGet(); // 用线程执行父类runChild(method, notifier) new Thread (new Test(method, notifier)).start(); } // childrenInvoker() call runChild(Object, RunNotifier) on each object returned by getChildren() // evaluate() run the action, 调用父类BlockJUnit4ClassRunner的evaluate() @Override protected Statement childrenInvoker(final RunNotifier notifier) { return new Statement() { @Override public void evaluate() throws Throwable { MultiThreadedRunner.super.childrenInvoker(notifier).evaluate(); // wait for all child threads (tests) to complete while (numThreads.get() > 0) { Thread.sleep(1000); } } }; } class Test implements Runnable { private final FrameworkMethod method; private final RunNotifier notifier; public Test (final FrameworkMethod method, final RunNotifier notifier) { this.method = method; this.notifier = notifier; } @Override public void run () { System.err.println (method.getName()); MultiThreadedRunner.super.runChild(method, notifier); numThreads.decrementAndGet(); } }}
只要在单个测试类前,加上注解:@RunWith(MultiThreadRunner.class),就可以并发的执行用例。
如下图:
(三)自定义聚合多个类进行多线程执行的Runner
有时我们需要聚合同一个模块的测试类,如果使用@RunWith(Suite.class)@SuiteClasses({A.class,B.class})
,当类较多时,需要一一列举,效率不高;可以使用ClasspathSuite,支持过滤,将类名符合一定规则的类聚合,官方文档。
实现代码如下:
package com.weibo.concurrent;import org.junit.experimental.categories.Categories;import org.junit.extensions.cpsuite.ClasspathSuite;import org.junit.internal.builders.AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder;import org.junit.runner.Runner;import org.junit.runners.ParentRunner;import org.junit.runners.model.InitializationError;import org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder;import org.junit.runners.model.RunnerScheduler;import com.weibo.common.MbLogger;import java.lang.reflect.Method;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.Arrays;import java.util.LinkedList;import java.util.List;import java.util.Queue;import java.util.concurrent.CompletionService;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorCompletionService;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;import java.util.concurrent.Future;import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;/** * @author hugang * **/public final class ConcurrentSuite extends ClasspathSuite { public static Runner MulThread(Runner runner) { if (runner instanceof ParentRunner) { // setScheduler(RunnerScheduler scheduler):Sets a scheduler that // determines the order and parallelization of children // RunnerScheduler:Represents a strategy for scheduling when // individual test methods should be run (in serial or parallel) ((ParentRunner) runner).setScheduler(new RunnerScheduler() { private final ExecutorService fService = Executors .newCachedThreadPool(); // private final ExecutorService fService = // Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10); // Schedule a child statement to run public void schedule(Runnable childStatement) { this.fService.submit(childStatement); } // Override to implement any behavior that must occur after all // children have been scheduled public void finished() { try { this.fService.shutdown(); this.fService.awaitTermination(9223372036854775807L, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(System.err); } } }); } return runner; } public ConcurrentSuite(final Class<?> klass) throws InitializationError { // 调用父类ClasspathSuite构造函数 // AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder根据不同的测试类定义(@RunWith的信息)返回Runner,使用职责链模式 super(klass, new AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder(true) { @Override public Runner runnerForClass(Class<?> testClass) throws Throwable { List<RunnerBuilder> builders = Arrays .asList(new RunnerBuilder[] { ignoredBuilder(), annotatedBuilder(), suiteMethodBuilder(), junit3Builder(), junit4Builder() }); for (RunnerBuilder each : builders) { // 根据不同的测试类定义(@RunWith的信息)返回Runner Runner runner = each.safeRunnerForClass(testClass); if (runner != null) // 方法级别,多线程执行 return MulThread(runner); } return null; } }); // 类级别,多线程执行 setScheduler(new RunnerScheduler() { private final ExecutorService fService = Executors .newCachedThreadPool(); @Override public void schedule(Runnable paramRunnable) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub fService.submit(paramRunnable); } @Override public void finished() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub try { fService.shutdown(); fService.awaitTermination(Long.MAX_VALUE, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(System.err); } } }); }}
新建一个聚合的IntegrationBeijingOneTests.java文件:
@RunWith(ConcurrentSuite.class)@ClassnameFilters({"com.weibo.cases.xuelian.*Test", "!.*RemindTest","com.weibo.cases.maincase.*Xuelian"})@Concurrentpublic interface IntegrationBeijingOneTests {}
再建一个suite文件,XuelianTestSuite.java:
package com.weibo.cases.suite;import org.junit.experimental.categories.Categories;import org.junit.runner.RunWith;import org.junit.runners.Suite.SuiteClasses;@RunWith(Categories.class)@SuiteClasses( IntegrationBeijingOneTests.class )public class XuelianTestSuite {}
直接运行XuelianTestSuite.java即可,执行过程如下:
写在最后:
设计测试用例时需考虑线程安全。
建议(本组内用例):
1.账号的使用,同一个测试类中每个测试方法之间需使用不同测试账号(之前未考虑并发,串行执行时方法间使用同样账号,没有影响),咱们组V4的用例共1516个,假设每个用例使用3个账号,则同时执行用例时,则需4548个账号,现库里有1617个账号,可能需要增加用户(空间换时间); 当然也可以控制并发执行测试方法的数量,来减少用户的使用,比如可以指定同时5个(可调)测试方法并发执行,当然,执行时间上就会相应的增加。
2.非final的全局变量,全改写到测试方法内定义,变成局部变量。
- JUnit4多线程执行测试用例
- JUnit4 多线程执行测试用例
- JUnit4 多线程执行测试用例
- junit4测试用例
- Junit4多线程测试
- JUnit4:在测试用例中用FixMethodOrder指定测试方法的执行顺序
- Junit4:测试方法执行顺序
- JUnit4---实践三:支持多线程,失败重试执行测试case的方法
- MAVEN项目添加junit4测试用例
- junit4.x 测试单元用例
- junit4的测试方法的执行顺序
- JUnit4 执行测试时报initializationError错误
- 关于JUNIT4 中的多线程测试的疑惑
- Junit4单元测试 (二) GroboUtils进行多线程测试
- 多线程执行测试
- 基于spring-test/junit4的测试用例
- 对BST的测试用例(使用junit4)
- Junit4测试
- android studio如何与git绑定
- 第七章:MongoDB管理维护Replica Sets(读写分离&故障转移&增删节点)
- iOS开发学习001_01:Address Book 01 显示通讯录中某人姓名、电话
- SQL Server 2005和2000的共存(一台机器同时安装两个)
- 数据库的隔离级别
- JUnit4 多线程执行测试用例
- AT&T汇编和Intel汇编区别
- 第八章:MongoDB sharding 分片
- 凹函数与凸函数
- 【C语言】strcpy函数的实现
- Javascript常见兼容问题解决方案汇总(一)
- linux LAMP环境搭建(centos7)
- 时间和日期
- cocos2dx 3.X 播放视频