【iOS】手势识别的详细使用:拖动、缩放、旋转、点击、手势依赖、自定义手势

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声明本文转载自 伯乐在线 博文,纯属博主学习使用,转载地址:http://blog.jobbole.com/65846/

原文出处: totogo2010 的博客(@容芳志)   


1、UIGestureRecognizer介绍

手势识别在iOS上非常重要,手势操作移动设备的重要特征,极大的增加了移动设备使用便捷性。
iOS系统在3.2以后,为方便开发这使用一些常用的手势,提供了UIGestureRecognizer类。手势识别UIGestureRecognizer类是个抽象类,下面的子类是具体的手势,开发这可以直接使用这些手势识别。
  • UITapGestureRecognizer
  • UIPinchGestureRecognizer
  • UIRotationGestureRecognizer
  • UISwipeGestureRecognizer
  • UIPanGestureRecognizer
  • UILongPressGestureRecognizer

上面的手势对应的操作是:

  • Tap(点一下)
  • Pinch(二指往內或往外拨动,平时经常用到的缩放)
  • Rotation(旋转)
  • Swipe(滑动,快速移动)
  • Pan (拖移,慢速移动)
  •  LongPress(长按)
UIGestureRecognizer的继承关系如下:
1120140423111547

2、使用手势的步骤

使用手势很简单,分为两步:
  1. 创建手势实例。当创建手势时,指定一个回调方法,当手势开始,改变、或结束时,回调方法被调用。
  2. 添加到需要识别的View中。每个手势只对应一个View,当屏幕触摸在View的边界内时,如果手势和预定的一样,那就会回调方法。
ps:一个手势只能对应一个View,但是一个View可以有多个手势。
建议在真机上运行这些手势,模拟器操作不太方便,可能导致你认为手势失效。

3、Pan 拖动手势:

UIImageView *snakeImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"snake.png"]];  snakeImageView.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 160);  UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGestureRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc]                                                  initWithTarget:self                                                  action:@selector(handlePan:)];      [snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer:panGestureRecognizer];  [self.view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor whiteColor]];  [self.view addSubview:snakeImageView];

新建一个ImageView,然后添加手势

回调方法:
- (void) handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer*) recognizer  {      CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView:self.view];      recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + translation.x,                                     recognizer.view.center.y + translation.y);      [recognizer setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.view];   }

4、Pinch缩放手势

UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinchGestureRecognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc]                                                          initWithTarget:self                                                          action:@selector(handlePinch:)];[snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer:pinchGestureRecognizer];
- (void) handlePinch:(UIPinchGestureRecognizer*) recognizer  {      recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.scale, recognizer.scale);      recognizer.scale = 1;  }

5、Rotation旋转手势

UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotateRecognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc]                                                   initWithTarget:self                                                   action:@selector(handleRotate:)];  [snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer:rotateRecognizer];- (void) handleRotate:(UIRotationGestureRecognizer*) recognizer  {      recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.rotation);      recognizer.rotation = 0;  }

添加了这几个手势后,运行看效果,程序中的imageView放了一个的图片,在模拟器上拖动是没问题的。缩放和旋转有点问题,估计是因为在模拟器上的模拟的两个接触点距离在imageView的边界外了,所以操作无效果。
建议在真机上运行这个手势。
在模拟器上缩放和选择的操作技巧:可以把imageView的frame值设置大一点,按住alt键,按下触摸板(不按下不行),这样就可以旋转和缩放了。

6、添加第二个ImagView并添加手势

记住:一个手势只能添加到一个View,两个View当然要有两个手势的实例了
- (void)viewDidLoad  {      [super viewDidLoad];       UIImageView *snakeImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"snake.png"]];      UIImageView *dragonImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"dragon.png"]];      snakeImageView.frame = CGRectMake(120, 120, 100, 160);      dragonImageView.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 160);      [self.view addSubview:snakeImageView];      [self.view addSubview:dragonImageView];       for (UIView *view in self.view.subviews) {          UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGestureRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc]                                                          initWithTarget:self                                                          action:@selector(handlePan:)];           UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinchGestureRecognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc]                                                              initWithTarget:self                                                              action:@selector(handlePinch:)];           UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotateRecognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc]                                                           initWithTarget:self                                                           action:@selector(handleRotate:)];           [view addGestureRecognizer:panGestureRecognizer];          [view addGestureRecognizer:pinchGestureRecognizer];          [view addGestureRecognizer:rotateRecognizer];          [view setUserInteractionEnabled:YES];      }      [self.view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor whiteColor]];       }

7、拖动(pan手势)速度(以较快的速度拖放后view有滑行的效果)

如何实现呢?
  1. 监视手势是否结束
  2. 监视触摸的速度
- (void) handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer*) recognizer  {      CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView:self.view];      recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + translation.x,                                         recognizer.view.center.y + translation.y);      [recognizer setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.view];       if (recognizer.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded) {           CGPoint velocity = [recognizer velocityInView:self.view];          CGFloat magnitude = sqrtf((velocity.x * velocity.x) + (velocity.y * velocity.y));          CGFloat slideMult = magnitude / 200;          NSLog(@"magnitude: %f, slideMult: %f", magnitude, slideMult);           float slideFactor = 0.1 * slideMult; // Increase for more of a slide          CGPoint finalPoint = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + (velocity.x * slideFactor),                                           recognizer.view.center.y + (velocity.y * slideFactor));          finalPoint.x = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.x, 0), self.view.bounds.size.width);          finalPoint.y = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.y, 0), self.view.bounds.size.height);           [UIView animateWithDuration:slideFactor*2 delay:0 options:UIViewAnimationOptionCurveEaseOut animations:^{              recognizer.view.center = finalPoint;          } completion:nil];   }

代码实现解析:

  1. 计算速度向量的长度(估计大部分都忘了)这些知识了。
  2. 如果速度向量小于200,那就会得到一个小于的小数,那么滑行会很短
  3. 基于速度和速度因素计算一个终点
  4. 确保终点不会跑出父View的边界
  5. 使用UIView动画使view滑动到终点
运行后,快速拖动图像view放开会看到view还会在原来的方向滑行一段路。

8、同时触发两个view的手势

手势之间是互斥的,如果你想同时触发蛇和龙的view,那么需要实现协议UIGestureRecognizerDelegate,
@interface ViewController : UIViewController<UIGestureRecognizerDelegate>  @end

并在协议这个方法里返回YES。
-(BOOL)gestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer shouldRecognizeSimultaneouslyWithGestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)otherGestureRecognizer  {      return YES;  }

把self作为代理设置给手势:
panGestureRecognizer.delegate = self;  pinchGestureRecognizer.delegate = self;  rotateRecognizer.delegate = self;
这样可以同时拖动或旋转缩放两个view了。

9、tap点击手势

这里为了方便看到tap的效果,当点击一下屏幕时,播放一个声音。

为了播放声音,我们加入AVFoundation.framework这个框架。

- (AVAudioPlayer *)loadWav:(NSString *)filename {      NSURL * url = [[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:filename withExtension:@"wav"];      NSError * error;      AVAudioPlayer * player = [[AVAudioPlayer alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:url error:&error];      if (!player) {          NSLog(@"Error loading %@: %@", url, error.localizedDescription);      } else {          [player prepareToPlay];      }      return player;  }
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>  #import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>   @interface ViewController : UIViewController<UIGestureRecognizerDelegate>  @property (strong) AVAudioPlayer * chompPlayer;  @property (strong) AVAudioPlayer * hehePlayer;   @end
- (void)handleTap:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {      [self.chompPlayer play];  }

运行,点一下某个图,就会播放一个咬东西的声音。

不过这个点击播放声音有点缺陷,就是在慢慢拖动的时候也会播放。这使得两个手势重合了。怎么解决呢?使用手势的:requireGestureRecognizerToFail方法。

10、手势的依赖性

在viewDidLoad的循环里添加这段代码:
[tapRecognizer requireGestureRecognizerToFail:panGestureRecognizer];
意思就是,当如果pan手势失败,就是没发生拖动,才会出发tap手势。这样如果你有轻微的拖动,那就是pan手势发生了。tap的声音就不会发出来了。

11、自定义手势

自定义手势继承:UIGestureRecognizer,实现下面的方法:
– touchesBegan:withEvent:  – touchesMoved:withEvent:  – touchesEnded:withEvent:  - touchesCancelled:withEvent:
新建一个类,继承UIGestureRecognizer,代码如下:
.h文件
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>  typedef enum {      DirectionUnknown = 0,      DirectionLeft,      DirectionRight  } Direction;   @interface HappyGestureRecognizer : UIGestureRecognizer  @property (assign) int tickleCount;  @property (assign) CGPoint curTickleStart;  @property (assign) Direction lastDirection;   @end

.m文件

#import "HappyGestureRecognizer.h"  #import <UIKit/UIGestureRecognizerSubclass.h>  #define REQUIRED_TICKLES        2  #define MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE     25   @implementation HappyGestureRecognizer   - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {      UITouch * touch = [touches anyObject];      self.curTickleStart = [touch locationInView:self.view];  }   - (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {       // Make sure we've moved a minimum amount since curTickleStart      UITouch * touch = [touches anyObject];      CGPoint ticklePoint = [touch locationInView:self.view];      CGFloat moveAmt = ticklePoint.x - self.curTickleStart.x;      Direction curDirection;      if (moveAmt < 0) {          curDirection = DirectionLeft;      } else {          curDirection = DirectionRight;      }      if (ABS(moveAmt) < MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE) return;       // 确认方向改变了      if (self.lastDirection == DirectionUnknown ||          (self.lastDirection == DirectionLeft && curDirection == DirectionRight) ||          (self.lastDirection == DirectionRight && curDirection == DirectionLeft)) {           // 挠痒次数          self.tickleCount++;          self.curTickleStart = ticklePoint;          self.lastDirection = curDirection;           // 一旦挠痒次数超过指定数,设置手势为结束状态          // 这样回调函数会被调用。          if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible && self.tickleCount > REQUIRED_TICKLES) {              [self setState:UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded];          }      }   }   - (void)reset {      self.tickleCount = 0;      self.curTickleStart = CGPointZero;      self.lastDirection = DirectionUnknown;      if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible) {          [self setState:UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed];      }  }   - (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event  {      [self reset];  }   - (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event  {      [self reset];  }   @end

调用自定义手势和上面一样,回到这样写:
- (void)handleHappy:(HappyGestureRecognizer *)recognizer{      [self.hehePlayer play];  }

手势成功后播放呵呵笑的声音。
在真机上运行,按住某个view,快速左右拖动,就会发出笑的声音了。

代码解析:
先获取起始坐标:curTickleStart
通过和ticklePoint的x值对比,得出当前的放下是向左还是向右。再算出移动的x的值是否比MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE距离大,如果太则返回。
再判断是否有三次是不同方向的动作,如果是则手势结束,回调。
参考:http://www.raywenderlich.com/6567/uigesturerecognizer-tutorial-in-ios-5-pinches-pans-and-more
例子代码:http://download.csdn.net/detail/totogo2010/5094059


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