从手机来电分析android消息机制

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当RIL收到这个消息UNSOL_CALL_RING
然后调用mRingRegistrant.notifyRegistrant(new AsyncResult (null, ret, null));
mRingRegistrant是在哪里注册的呢?
在BaseCommands.java通过这个方法注册的:
    public void setOnCallRing(Handler h, int what, Object obj) {
        mRingRegistrant = new Registrant (h, what, obj);
    }
setOnCallRing这个方法在phoneBase.java的构造函数种通过:
    mCM.setOnCallRing(this, EVENT_CALL_RING, null);
ok,所以,此时,handleMessage处理EVENT_CALL_RING消息,
然后调用sendIncomingCallRingNotification()
在这个方法里面,做两件事情:
    notifyIncomingRing();
    sendMessageDelayed(obtainMessage(EVENT_CALL_RING_CONTINUE, token, 0), mCallRingDelay);
后面的方法作用是用来循环播放铃声的。延迟多少秒具体各手机厂商不同。
继续:notifyIncomingRing()方法里面主要是激活这个注册消息:
    mIncomingRingRegistrants.notifyRegistrants(ar);
ok,我们继续看mIncomingRingRegistrants是在哪里注册的,
可以看出是phoneBase.java注册的
    public void registerForIncomingRing(
            Handler h, int what, Object obj) {
        checkCorrectThread(h);

        mIncomingRingRegistrants.addUnique(h, what, obj);
        }
checkCorrectThread这个方法主要是为了验证当前的线程是不是和原来的线程保持一直,如果不是,抛出

异常
registerForIncomingRing这个方法是callManager.java注册的
     phone.registerForIncomingRing(mHandler, EVENT_INCOMING_RING, null);
收到消息后,然后处理EVENT_INCOMING_RING
    case EVENT_INCOMING_RING:
                    if (!hasActiveFgCall()) {
                        mIncomingRingRegistrants.notifyRegistrants((AsyncResult) msg.obj);
                    }
                    break;
然后判断当前有没有前台call,如果有,停止处理,如果没有,继续....
mIncomingRingRegistrants是在callManagar.java
    public void registerForIncomingRing(Handler h, int what, Object obj){
        mIncomingRingRegistrants.addUnique(h, what, obj);
        }
然后registerForIncomingRing是在phoneapp种的callNotifier.java中注册:
    mCM.registerForIncomingRing(this, PHONE_INCOMING_RING, null);
所以,最终到了phoneapp中的这里,然后phoneApp处理PHONE_INCOMING_RING消息,调用:
mRinger.ring()完成响铃和循环响铃的工作;
当然,来点的时候,这个消息只是其中消息的一个,仅仅是为了完成响铃而来的消息。下一步启动phone

的消息,是一个
叫UNSOL_RESPONSE_CALL_STATE_CHANGED 的消息,处理机制和上面的一致,其实,FW层基本上都是这种套

路,没什么特别。
这个架构非常好,各层之间低耦合,很不错。


ok,其实上面说的都是废话,这篇文章,其实我主要是想借助这一个消息,来说说RegistrantList这个类

是如何来管理各种消息之间
的不断添加和被激活的。上面文章谈到的那些mIncomingRingRegistrants都是RegistrantList.
其实,说白了,这个RegistrantList就是Registrant的集合,字面意思Registrant是个什么东东?哎,登

记的意思,就是
你要干什么活,先来人才中心登记下,等活来了,发现是你需要的,好,我通知你来干活。
Registrant本质上是个什么东东?其实就是handle 和message的组合体。具体如下:
首先我们看到RegistrantList里面添加消息方法:
public synchronized void
    addUnique(Handler h, int what, Object obj)
    {
        // if the handler is already in the registrant list, remove it
        remove(h);
        add(new Registrant(h, what, obj));        
    }
首先移除当前的handler,如果它存在当前的list中的话。然后把当前的消息和handler添加到
RegistrantList中去,RegistrantList是个ArrayList.
对于这个add方法:
public synchronized void
    add(Registrant r)
    {
        removeCleared(); //
        registrants.add(r);
    }

上面的removeCleared()方法内容如下:
 public synchronized void
    removeCleared()
    {
        for (int i = registrants.size() - 1; i >= 0 ; i--) {
            Registrant  r = (Registrant) registrants.get(i);
            
            if (r.refH == null) {
                registrants.remove(i);
            }
        }
    }
可以看出其实这个方法就是移除ArrayList中的没有指定的handler的Registrant的。
r.refH 是一个java中的WeakRreference弱引用对象。什么事弱引用呢?简单点,就是可以保存某对象
的消息,又不影响他的回收。
好,继续,上面的代码先清除掉,然后添加到ArrayList中去保存。

ok, 在ril中mRingRegistrant.notifyRegistrant(new AsyncResult (null, ret, null));
后,调用:
public /*synchronized*/ void
    notifyRegistrants(AsyncResult ar)
    {
        internalNotifyRegistrants(ar.result, ar.exception);
    }

然后
  private synchronized void
    internalNotifyRegistrants (Object result, Throwable exception)
    {
       for (int i = 0, s = registrants.size(); i < s ; i++) {
            Registrant  r = (Registrant) registrants.get(i);
            r.internalNotifyRegistrant(result, exception);
       }
    }
可以看出目前是在从ArrayList中取出所有的registrants,然后给触发他们处理消息。
从这里可以看出,我们可以为同一个ArrayList里面添加几个registrants,添加不同的what参数,
然后在这里都会被触发激活。


回到上面方法的r.internalNotifyRegistrant(result, exception);
/*package*/ void
    internalNotifyRegistrant (Object result, Throwable exception)
    {
        Handler h = getHandler();

        if (h == null) {
            clear();
        } else {
            Message msg = Message.obtain();

            msg.what = what;
            
            msg.obj = new AsyncResult(userObj, result, exception);
            
            h.sendMessage(msg);
        }
    }
其实,先不看这个方法,我们前面看到了,我们在add消息的时候
add(new Registrant(h, what, obj));是把消息封装成Registrant对象保存起来了。
看Registrant的构造方法:
public
    Registrant(Handler h, int what, Object obj)
    {
        refH = new WeakReference(h);
        this.what = what;
        userObj = obj;
    }
把当前的handler保存到弱引用中,待会可以通过get()方法拿到。然后把消息值等也保存起来。

然后,上面的方法internalNotifyRegistrant 中,我们可以看到第一步通过getHandler()方法获得

Handler对象
public Handler
    getHandler()
    {
        if (refH == null)
            return null;

        return (Handler) refH.get(); //这里大家看明白了吧,前面说了的。
    }

如果handler不存咋,调用clear方法清除。反之,通过消息机制,发送消息给这个消息归属的handler处

理,其实,就是前面的callNotifier.java并且带上PLD返回来的AsyncResult消息。

Message msg = Message.obtain(); //一般获得消息都是通过这个方法,不是直接实例化,因为这个方法

可以避免重复创建

            msg.what = what;
            
            msg.obj = new AsyncResult(userObj, result, exception);
            
            h.sendMessage(msg);

哎,都说到这里了,顺便说说android的handler机制吧

首先,需要明白一些消息机制的概念:
Looper:一条线程可以产生一个looper对象,有他来管理此线程的messageQueue消息队列
Handler:咱们可以构造Handler对象来与Looper沟通,以便push新消息到MessageQueue
里面,或者接受Looper从消息队列里面送出来的消息。
MessageQueue: 消息队列,用来存放线程中放入的消息。
线程:不讲什么UI线程了,网上很多,自己去看,普及下知识,什么是线程?
线程就是一段代码逻辑从前到后的执行路径,新开条线程,相当于有两条路径可以走

ok,下面开始介绍android的handler和message机制
ok,大家平常听到的什么UI线程,大家可以去看activity的源码,在activity初始化的时候,
就会有ActivityThread.java来创建主线程,在activity中创建looper和messageQueue对象等。
这部分就不分析了,大家自己看看就行了。我分析的,仅限于当前的case

首先h.sendMessage(msg);我们看这个方法:(当然,这个msg里面包含了pld返回的object还有我们消息标志的what信息)
     /**
     * Pushes a message onto the end of the message queue after all pending messages
     * before the current time. It will be received in 
{@link #handleMessage},
     * in the thread attached to this handler.
     *  
     * @return Returns true if the message was successfully placed in to the 
     *         message queue.  Returns false on failure, usually because the
     *         looper processing the message queue is exiting.
     */
    public final boolean sendMessage(Message msg)
    {
        return sendMessageDelayed(msg, 0);
    }
继续:
    public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis)
    {
        if (delayMillis < 0) { //判断小于0,不做处理
            delayMillis = 0;
        }
        return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis);
    }
继续handler.java
/**
     * Enqueue a message into the message queue after all pending messages
     * before the absolute time (in milliseconds) <var>uptimeMillis</var>.
     * <b>The time-base is 
{@link android.os.SystemClock#uptimeMillis}.</b>
     * You will receive it in 
{@link #handleMessage}, in the thread attached
     * to this handler.
     * 
     * @param uptimeMillis The absolute time at which the message should be
     *         delivered, using the
     *         
{@link android.os.SystemClock#uptimeMillis} time-base.
     *         
     * @return Returns true if the message was successfully placed in to the 
     *         message queue.  Returns false on failure, usually because the
     *         looper processing the message queue is exiting.  Note that a
     *         result of true does not mean the message will be processed -- if
     *         the looper is quit before the delivery time of the message
     *         occurs then the message will be dropped.
     */
    public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis)
    {
        boolean sent = false;
        MessageQueue queue = mQueue; //这个mQueue待会再说
        if (queue != null) { //如果消息队列有,就把当前的handler对象给target,并把消息给消息队列
            msg.target = this;
            sent = queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
        }
        else {
            RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
                this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
            Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
        }
        return sent;
    }
前提咱们必须知道的是,一条线程最多只有一个looper和一个messageQueue。
这里,我们要知道mQueue是从哪里来的?其实,应该能猜到,肯定要构造传进来啊
看handler的构造方法:
     /**
     * Default constructor associates this handler with the queue for the
     * current thread.
     *
     * If there isn't one, this handler won't be able to receive messages.
     */
    public Handler() {
        if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {
            final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass();
            if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) &&
                    (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {
                Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " +
                    klass.getCanonicalName());
            }
        }

        mLooper = Looper.myLooper(); //获得当前线程的looper对象
        if (mLooper == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException(
                "Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
        }
        mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;     //从looper对象中获取它管理的messageQueue
        mCallback = null;
    }
从looper对象构造方法可以看出:

private Looper() {
        mQueue = new MessageQueue();  //实例化当前的messageQueue对象
        mRun = true;
        mThread = Thread.currentThread();  //取得当前线程
    }

哈哈,懂了吧,最后看个方法,看消息如何存到messageQueue中的
    final boolean enqueueMessage(Message msg, long when) {
        if (msg.isInUse()) {
            throw new AndroidRuntimeException(msg
                    + " This message is already in use.");
        }
        if (msg.target == null && !mQuitAllowed) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Main thread not allowed to quit");
        }
        final boolean needWake;
        synchronized (this) {
            if (mQuiting) {
                RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
                    msg.target + " sending message to a Handler on a dead thread");
                Log.w("MessageQueue", e.getMessage(), e);
                return false;
            } else if (msg.target == null) {
                mQuiting = true;
            }

            msg.when = when;
            //Log.d("MessageQueue", "Enqueing: " + msg);
            Message p = mMessages;
            if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when) {
                msg.next = p;  //好熟悉好熟悉啊,这个next肯定是message对象,百分之百,java实现链表数据结构就是这么写的啊,看来基础真的很重要
                mMessages = msg;
                needWake = mBlocked; // new head, might need to wake up
            } else {
                Message prev = null;
                while (p != null && p.when <= when) {
                    prev = p;
                    p = p.next;
                }
                msg.next = prev.next;
                prev.next = msg;
                needWake = false; // still waiting on head, no need to wake up
            }
        }
        if (needWake) {
            nativeWake(mPtr);
        }
        return true;
    }
其实上面的方法就是把一个一个的message对象通过java链表的方式给串起来。
ok,消息已经放到消息队列里面去了,那怎么取出来?什么时候取出来?如何取出来?
取出来给谁?

首先,我们要明白activity启动的流程。简单的说,是ActivityThread.java在做一系列的操作。
每个应用程序都以ActivityThread.main()为入口进入到消息循环处理。
对于一个进程来讲,我们需要这个闭合的处理框架。ActivitiyThread是应用程序概念空间的重要概念,他建立了应用进程运行的框架,并提供了一个IActivityThread接口作为与 Activity Manager Service的通讯接口.通过该接口ActivityManagerService可以将Activity的状态变化传递到客户端的Activity对象。
在ActivityThread.java的main入口方法中:
public static void main(String[] args) {
        SamplingProfilerIntegration.start();

        // CloseGuard defaults to true and can be quite spammy.  We
        // disable it here, but selectively enable it later (via
        // StrictMode) on debug builds, but using DropBox, not logs.
        CloseGuard.setEnabled(false);
        Process.setArgV0("<pre-initialized>");

        Looper.prepareMainLooper();
        if (sMainThreadHandler == null) {
            sMainThreadHandler = new Handler();
        }

        ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
        thread.attach(false);

        if (false) {
            Looper.myLooper().setMessageLogging(new
                    LogPrinter(Log.DEBUG, "ActivityThread"));
        }
        Looper.loop();
        throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited");
    }

调用了当前线程的Looper.loop()方法循环从messageQueue中取出消息处理:

  /**
     * Run the message queue in this thread. Be sure to call
     * 
{@link #quit()} to end the loop.
     */
    public static void loop() {
        Looper me = myLooper();
        if (me == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
        }
        MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
        
        // Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
        // and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
        Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
        final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
        
        while (true) {
            Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
            if (msg != null) {
                if (msg.target == null) {
                    // No target is a magic identifier for the quit message.
                    return;
                }

                long wallStart = 0;
                long threadStart = 0;

                // This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
                Printer logging = me.mLogging;
                if (logging != null) {
                    logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
                            msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
                    wallStart = SystemClock.currentTimeMicro();
                    threadStart = SystemClock.currentThreadTimeMicro();
                }

                msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);

                if (logging != null) {
                    long wallTime = SystemClock.currentTimeMicro() - wallStart;
                    long threadTime = SystemClock.currentThreadTimeMicro() - threadStart;

                    logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);
                    if (logging instanceof Profiler) {
                        ((Profiler) logging).profile(msg, wallStart, wallTime,
                                threadStart, threadTime);
                    }
                }
                // Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
                // identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.
                final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
                if (ident != newIdent) {
                    Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x"
                            + Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
                            + Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
                            + msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
                            + msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
                }
                
                msg.recycle();
            }
        }
    }

可以,看出,此loop方法是个死循环,通过queue.next()取出消息后,然后通过handler的方法发送出去
从前面看出,那个给message的target就是handler。前面传入的
然后通过msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);方法分发消息
handler.java:

    /**
     * Handle system messages here.
     */
    public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
        if (msg.callback != null) {
            handleCallback(msg);
        } else {
            if (mCallback != null) {
                if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
                    return;
                }
            }
            handleMessage(msg);
        }
    }
callback默认为空,因为不是自己new出的线程,没有传入这个参数。
然后调用handleMessage方法处理。
这个方法默认是空实现:
    /**
     * Subclasses must implement this to receive messages.
     */
    public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
    }
注释已经说的很清楚,所以,你要处理消息,必须重写这个方法


总的来说:对于主线程的话,就是首先放消息到消息队列。然后主线程的looper
循环检查消息队列的消息,因为looper对应线程。handler对应looper。然后looper把
消息给主线程的handler处理,实现获得返回的状态。

如果不是主线程,系统没有为新开的线程默认开启looper和消息机制。所以,必须你自己去处理
在新线程中调用 Looper.prepare()方法构造looper对象
     /** Initialize the current thread as a looper.
      * This gives you a chance to create handlers that then reference
      * this looper, before actually starting the loop. Be sure to call
      * 
{@link #loop()} after calling this method, and end it by calling
      * 
{@link #quit()}.
      */
    public static void prepare() {
        if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
        }
        sThreadLocal.set(new Looper());
    }

然后主动启动原来Activitythread.java--main()方法里做的操作,调用loop()方法等待消息:
eg:

class TestLooper extends Thread(){
  public Handler mHandler;
 public void run(){
  Looper.prepare()
  //下面实例化handler并处理消息
  ............
  ............
  Looper.loop()
 }

}

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