SSH框架搭建与项目实践步骤

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一、工具和环境

MyEclipse10、Tomcat7.0、MySql5.6、JDK1.7、Struts2.0-Hibernate3.2-Spring2.0。

二、操作步骤

建立数据库：编写sql语句，建立数据库；
新建工程：打开MyEclipse，File—>New—>WebProject；
导包：下载jar包，将所有jar包粘贴进“WebRoot/WEB-INF/lib”文件夹里；
向工程中添加Spring框架，删除重复或有冲突的jar包；
编写WebRoot/WEB-INF目录下的“web.xml”；
编写“applicationContext.xml”，以后也要边编写类边补充；
编写简化后的“hibernate.cfg.xml”文件；
编写PO类和相应的“po类名.hbm.xml”映射文件；
编写DAO接口和DAO实现类；
编写业务接口和业务类；
编写Action类和VO类；
编写“struts.xml”文件；
编写jsp页面。

注：此操作步骤遵循ssh框架的分层结构，从底层逐层往上进行建立。有时候也可以根据需要改变建立步骤，如jsp页面就可以需要的时候编写即可。

三、详细实例

此处我们以“查看所有学生信息”为例，具体步骤如下：

1、建立数据库：编写sql语句，建立数据库studentdb，创建students表：

CREATE DATABASE studentdb;USE studentdb;DROP TABLE IF EXISTS students;CREATE TABLE students(    id bigint NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,    sno varchar(12) NOT NULL UNIQUE,    sname varchar(10) NOT NULL,    ssex varchar(2) NOT NULL,    sage int NOT NULL,    sdept varchar(20) NOT NULL,    PRIMARY KEY(id));insert into students(sno,sname,ssex,sage,sdept) values ('201506031234','张三','男',22,'信息学院');insert into students(sno,sname,ssex,sage,sdept) values ('201506031235','李四','女',20,'艺术学院');

2、新建工程：打开MyEclipse，File—>New—>Web Project，Project Name命名为StudentExample—>Finish：

这里写图片描述

3、导包：将所需的jar包粘贴进“WebRoot/WEB-INF/lib”文件夹里：（点击下载jar包）

这里写图片描述

4、向工程中添加Spring框架，删除重复或有冲突的jar包：

这里写图片描述

5、打开WebRoot/WEB-INF目录下的“web.xml”，编写如下代码：

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><web-app version="2.5"     xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"     xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee     http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">  <!-- 定义WEB应用的名字 -->  <display-name>ssh</display-name>  <!-- 配置struts2 filter -->  <filter>      <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>      <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher</filter-class>  </filter>  <filter-mapping>      <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>      <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>  </filter-mapping>  <!-- 指定WEB应用的默认首页 -->   <welcome-file-list>    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>  </welcome-file-list>  <!-- 配置spring监听器和上下文参数 -->  <listener>    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>  </listener>  <context-param>    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>    <param-value>WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value>  </context-param></web-app>

至此，SSH框架的搭建已经基本完成，后面主要是项目的具体实现和编码，代码仅供参考，小弟也是新手一枚，望多多指教。

6、编写“applicationContext.xml”，以后也要边编写类边补充：（这里给出已写好后的applicationContext.xml）

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans    xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd"><!-- 定义数据源： -->  <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" destroy-method="close">    <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>    <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/STUDENTDB"/>      <!--连接数据库STUDENTDB-->    <property name="user" value="root"/>    <property name="password" value="root"/>        <!-- mysql的用户名和密码 -->    <property name="maxPoolSize" value="100"></property>    <property name="minPoolSize" value="1"/>    <property name="initialPoolSize" value="1"/><property name="maxIdleTime" value="30"/>  </bean><!-- 定义Hibernate的SessionFactory： --> <bean id="sessionfactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">     <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>     <property name="hibernateProperties">        <value>            hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect            hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto=update        </value>    </property>    <property name="mappingResources">        <list>            <value>com/po/StudentPO.hbm.xml</value> <!-- PO类的Hibernate映射文件路径 -->        </list>    </property>   </bean><!-- 定义DAO： -->    <bean id="studentDao" class="com.dao.StudentDaoImpl" lazy-init="true">     <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionfactory"></property>  </bean><!-- 定义业务类： -->   <bean id="studentService" class="com.service.StudentServiceImpl">     <property name="studentDao" ref="studentDao"></property>  </bean><!-- 以下定义各个Action类： -->   <bean id="findStudents" class="com.action.FindStudentsAction" scope="prototype">    <property name="studentService" ref="studentService"></property>  </bean> </beans>

7、在src目录新建xml文件，编写简化后的“hibernate.cfg.xml”文件：（须保留，其头文件仍然有用）

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC          "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"          "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"><hibernate-configuration>    <session-factory>    </session-factory></hibernate-configuration>

8、编写“StudentPO”类和相应的“StudentPO.hbm.xml”映射文件：

StudentPO.java:

package com.po;public class StudentPO {    private long oid;    private String sno;    private String sname;    private String ssex;    private int sage;    private String sdept;    //setter和getter方法    public long getOid() {        return oid;    }    public void setOid(long oid) {        this.oid = oid;    }    public String getSno() {        return sno;    }    public void setSno(String sno) {        this.sno = sno;    }    public String getSname() {        return sname;    }    public void setSname(String sname) {        this.sname = sname;    }    public String getSsex() {        return ssex;    }    public void setSsex(String ssex) {        this.ssex = ssex;    }    public int getSage() {        return sage;    }    public void setSage(int sage) {        this.sage = sage;    }    public String getSdept() {        return sdept;    }    public void setSdept(String sdept) {        this.sdept = sdept;    }}

StudentPO.hbm.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN""http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"><hibernate-mapping>    <class name="com.po.StudentPO" table="STUDENTS">        <id name="oid" column="ID" type="long">            <generator class="native" />        </id>        <property name="sno" column="SNO" type="string" not-null="true" unique="true" />        <property name="sname" column="SNAME" type="string" not-null="true" />        <property name="ssex" column="SSEX" type="string" not-null="true" />        <property name="sage" column="SAGE" type="integer" not-null="true" />        <property name="sdept" column="SDEPT" type="string" not-null="true" />    </class></hibernate-mapping>

9、编写DAO接口和DAO实现类：

StudentDaoInt.java:

package com.dao;import java.util.List;import com.po.StudentPO;public interface StudentDaoInt {    //查询所有学生信息    public List<StudentPO> findAllStudent() throws Exception;}

StudentDaoImpl.java:

package com.dao;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;import com.po.StudentPO;public class StudentDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements StudentDaoInt{    //查询所有学生信息    public List<StudentPO> findAllStudent() throws Exception{        List<StudentPO> students = new ArrayList<StudentPO>();        students = this.getHibernateTemplate().find("from StudentPO");        return students;    }}

10、编写业务接口和业务类：

StudentServiceInt.java:

package com.service;import java.util.List;import com.po.StudentPO;public interface StudentServiceInt {    //查看所有学生信息    public List<StudentPO> findAllStudents();}

StudentServiceImpl.java:

 package com.service;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import com.dao.StudentDaoInt;import com.po.StudentPO;public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentServiceInt{    private StudentDaoInt studentDao;    //采用set注入    public StudentDaoInt getStudentDao() {        return studentDao;    }    public void setStudentDao(StudentDaoInt studentDao) {        this.studentDao = studentDao;    }    //查看所有学生信息    public List<StudentPO> findAllStudents(){        List<StudentPO> students = new ArrayList<StudentPO>();        try {            students = studentDao.findAllStudent();        } catch (Exception e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }        return students;    }}

11、编写Action类和VO类：

FindStudentsAction.java:

package com.action;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;import com.po.StudentPO;import com.service.StudentServiceInt;public class FindStudentsAction extends ActionSupport{    private StudentServiceInt studentService;    List<StudentPO> students = new ArrayList<StudentPO>();    public StudentServiceInt getStudentService() {        return studentService;    }    public void setStudentService(StudentServiceInt studentService) {        this.studentService = studentService;    }    public List<StudentPO> getStudents() {        return students;    }    public void setStudents(List<StudentPO> students) {        this.students = students;    }    public String execute() throws Exception{        students = studentService.findAllStudents();        return "success";    }}

StudentVO.java:

package com.vo;public class StudentVO {    private String sno;    private String sname;    private String ssex;    private int sage;    private String sdept;    public String getSno() {        return sno;    }    public void setSno(String sno) {        this.sno = sno;    }    public String getSname() {        return sname;    }    public void setSname(String sname) {        this.sname = sname;    }    public String getSsex() {        return ssex;    }    public void setSsex(String ssex) {        this.ssex = ssex;    }    public int getSage() {        return sage;    }    public void setSage(int sage) {        this.sage = sage;    }    public String getSdept() {        return sdept;    }    public void setSdept(String sdept) {        this.sdept = sdept;    }}

12、在src目录新建xml文件，编写“struts.xml”文件：

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"><struts>    <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="true" />    <constant name="struts.devMode" value="false" />    <include file="struts-default.xml" />      <package name="students" extends="struts-default">     <action name="findStudents" class="findStudents">        <result name="success">index.jsp</result>        <result name="input">index.jsp</result>     </action>    </package></struts>

13、编写jsp页面：

index.jsp:

 <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html>  <head>    <title>查看学生信息页</title>    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">    <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">    <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">      </head>  <body>  <center>    <a href="findStudents.action">点击查看学生信息</a> <br><br>    <table  border="1">        <tr>            <th>序号</th>            <th>学号</th>            <th>姓名</th>            <th>性别</th>            <th>年龄</th>            <th>院系</th>        </tr>        <s:iterator value="students" status="st">            <tr>                <td><s:property value="#st.count"/></td>                <td><s:property value="sno"/></td>                <td><s:property value="sname"/></td>                <td><s:property value="ssex"/></td>                <td><s:property value="sage"/></td>                <td><s:property value="sdept"/></td>            </tr>        </s:iterator>    </table>    </center>  </body></html>

工程结构图如下：

这里写图片描述

最后的运行结果如下：

这里写图片描述

附：实例下载链接http://download.csdn.net/download/azrael05020/8773031

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