【Qt编程】基于Qt的词典开发系列<九>--JSON数据解析

来源：互联网发布：呼死你软件横行编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/05/18 02:03

在上一篇文章《用户登录及API调用的实现》中，我通过程序实现了用户登录及API调用的实现，从而能够实现网络查词、添词的操作。但是，从上文中可以看到，调用API后返回的是JSON格式的数据，如下图所示（在QtCreator中的显示）：
这里写图片描述

为了更好的观察JSON格式，我整理后显示如下：
这里写图片描述

显然，为了显示查词的结果，我们必须在上图中提取有用的信息，并正确的显示出来。上图中每一行内容的意思我已经在文章《调用网络API》中作了解释。我在词典中选择想要显示的内容有：单词本身、单词ID、中文解释、英文解释、音标、发音音频，与之对应上图中的content、learning_id、definition、en_definitions、pron、audio。

为了获取这些内容，我们必须进行对上面的JSON格式数据（关于什么是JSON格式，可以自己百度）进行解析。在Qt 4中，没有对应的模块，必须单独加入相应的函数库，当然也可以自己根据JSON的格式自己写程序提取你想要的内容，只不过比较麻烦而已。在Qt5中，自带有对应的JSON解析模块，因此不用自己来写解析函数了，只需要调用相应的函数。下面给出具体的程序实现：

程序的主体框架与文章《用户登录及API调用的实现》中的一样，只是在其中加入了JSON数据解析功能。具体的说，每当发送查词请求后，服务器就会返回JSON格式的单词内容。因此，我们只需要在处理服务器返回数据的函数replyfinished（）函数中对应的查词操作QueryWordAction中进行JSON数据解析，将我们需要的内容存储到我们定义的Word类中。其中，word的定义如下：
这里写图片描述

由于只是在上文《用户登录及API调用的实现》的程序中加了JSON解析的部分，其它部分基本没变，所以程序的运行流程及思路可见上文。当然，程序中的注释也算比较详细，因此不作具体说明。只需要将下面五个源文件放入空的Qt项目中即可。注意：是在Qt 5中，且需要在其.pro文件中加入语句：QT +=core gui network webkit multimedia。具体的源文件如下：

1、word.h文件

#ifndef WORD_H#define WORD_H#include<QString>#include<List>#include <QJsonObject>#include<QtMultimedia/QMediaPlayer>#include<QUrl>class Word{public:    explicit Word();    Word(const Word& word);    ~Word();public:    QString name;//单词本身    QString learning_id;//单词ID    QString definition;//单词中文解释    QString en_definitions;//单词英文解释    QString pron;//单词音标    QString audio;//单词的发音音频    void clear();};#endif // WORD_H

2、word.cpp文件

#include "word.h"Word::Word(){}Word::Word(const Word &w){    name=w.name;    learning_id=w.learning_id;    definition=w.definition;    en_definitions=w.en_definitions;    pron=w.pron;    audio=w.audio;}Word::~Word(){}void Word::clear()//清除内容{    name="";    learning_id="";    definition="";    en_definitions="";    pron="";    audio="";   // this->examples=NULL;}

3、network.h文件

#ifndef NETWORK_H#define NETWORK_H#include"word.h"#include <QObject>#include <QtNetwork/QNetworkAccessManager>#include<QtNetwork/QNetworkReply>#include<QtNetwork/QNetworkRequest>#include<QtNetwork/QNetworkCookie>#include<QtNetwork/QNetworkCookieJar>#include <QJsonDocument>#include <QJsonObject>#include <QJsonArray>#include <QJsonValue>#include<QString>#include<QDebug>#include<QList>#include<QUrl>#include<QByteArray>class netWork : public QObject{    Q_OBJECTpublic:    explicit netWork(QObject *parent = 0); //   ~netWork();    enum HttpAction{NoAction,NetStudy,GetSessionidAction,LoginAction,QueryWordAction,AddWordAction,AddExampleAction,QueryWordExamplesAction};    HttpAction httpAction;    QNetworkAccessManager * http;    QString sessionid;    QString queryword;//要查询的单词    QString nickname;    QString username;    QString password;    bool isBusy;    Word *gotword;//通过访问网络得到的单词信息    QString getCookie(const QString &name);    void loginShanbay();    void queryWord(const QString &word);    void queryExamples(QString learningid);    void connectNet(QString username="nineheadedbird", QString password="123456");    void addWord(const QString &word);signals:    void signalQueryFinished(Word *word);    void connectSuccess();    void connectFail();    void verifySuccess();    void verifyFail();    void NetState(bool);public slots:    void replyfinished(QNetworkReply*);};#endif // NETWORK_H

4、network.cpp文件

#include "network.h"#include<QList>#include<QDesktopServices>netWork::netWork(QObject *parent) :    QObject(parent){        http=new QNetworkAccessManager(this);        http->setCookieJar(new QNetworkCookieJar(this));        connect(http,SIGNAL(finished(QNetworkReply*)),this,SLOT(replyfinished(QNetworkReply*)));        isBusy=true;        gotword=new Word();}QString netWork::getCookie(const QString &name){    foreach(QNetworkCookie cookie , http->cookieJar()->cookiesForUrl(QUrl("http://www.shanbay.com/")))    {            //qDebug()<<cookie.name();            if(cookie.name()==name)            {                return cookie.value();            }        }        return "";}void netWork::loginShanbay(){       QNetworkRequest request;       request.setUrl(QUrl("http://www.shanbay.com/accounts/login/"));       request.setRawHeader("Accept","text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8");       request.setRawHeader("Accept-Charset","GBK,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3");       request.setRawHeader("Accept-Language","zh-CN,zh;q=0.8");       request.setRawHeader("Cache-Control","max-age=0");       request.setRawHeader("Connection","keep-alive");       request.setRawHeader("Host","www.shanbay.com");       request.setRawHeader("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/535.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/16.0.912.63 Safari/535.7");       request.setRawHeader("Origin","http//www.shanbay.com");       request.setRawHeader("Referer","http://www.shanbay.com/accounts/login/");       request.setRawHeader("Host","www.shanbay.com");       request.setRawHeader("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");       QByteArray postData;       postData.append(QString("csrfmiddlewaretoken=%1&").arg(sessionid));       postData.append(QString("username=%1&password=%2&").arg(QUrl::toPercentEncoding(username).constData()).arg(password));       postData.append("login=登录&continue=home&u=1&next=");       request.setHeader(QNetworkRequest::ContentLengthHeader,postData.size());       httpAction=LoginAction;       http->post(request,postData);}void netWork::queryWord(const QString &word){      QNetworkRequest request;      request.setUrl(QUrl("http://www.shanbay.com/api/word/"+word));      request.setRawHeader("Accept","text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8");      request.setRawHeader("Accept-Charset","GBK,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3");      request.setRawHeader("Accept-Language","zh-CN,zh;q=0.8");      request.setRawHeader("Cache-Control","max-age=0");      request.setRawHeader("Connection","keep-alive");      request.setRawHeader("Host","www.shanbay.com");      request.setRawHeader("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/535.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/16.0.912.63 Safari/535.7");      httpAction=QueryWordAction;      http->get(request);}void netWork::queryExamples(QString learningid){    if(learningid=="0"){           return;       }       QNetworkRequest request;       request.setUrl(QUrl("http://www.shanbay.com/api/learning/examples/"+learningid));       request.setRawHeader("Accept","text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8");       request.setRawHeader("Accept-Charset","GBK,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3");       request.setRawHeader("Accept-Language","zh-CN,zh;q=0.8");       request.setRawHeader("Cache-Control","max-age=0");       request.setRawHeader("Connection","keep-alive");       request.setRawHeader("Host","www.shanbay.com");       request.setRawHeader("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/535.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/16.0.912.63 Safari/535.7");       httpAction=QueryWordExamplesAction;       http->get(request);}void netWork::addWord(const QString &word){    if(word.isEmpty())        qDebug()<<"你的输入有误";    else    {        QNetworkRequest request;        request.setUrl(QUrl("http://www.shanbay.com/api/learning/add/"+word));        request.setRawHeader("Accept","text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8");        request.setRawHeader("Accept-Charset","GBK,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3");        request.setRawHeader("Accept-Language","zh-CN,zh;q=0.8");        request.setRawHeader("Cache-Control","max-age=0");        request.setRawHeader("Connection","keep-alive");        request.setRawHeader("Host","www.shanbay.com");        request.setRawHeader("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/535.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/16.0.912.63 Safari/535.7");        httpAction=AddWordAction;        http->get(request);    }}void netWork::connectNet(QString username, QString password){        this->username=username;        this->password=password;         QNetworkRequest request;        request.setUrl(QUrl("http://www.shanbay.com/accounts/login/"));        request.setRawHeader("Accept","text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8");        request.setRawHeader("Accept-Charset","GBK,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3");        request.setRawHeader("Accept-Language","zh-CN,zh;q=0.8");        request.setRawHeader("Cache-Control","max-age=0");        request.setRawHeader("Connection","keep-alive");        request.setRawHeader("Host","www.shanbay.com");        request.setRawHeader("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/535.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/16.0.912.63 Safari/535.7");        httpAction=GetSessionidAction;        http->get(request);}void netWork::replyfinished(QNetworkReply *reply){    QByteArray wordInformation;    QVariant status_code=reply->attribute(QNetworkRequest::HttpStatusCodeAttribute); //  qDebug()<<"code_state="<<status_code;    if(status_code==QVariant::Invalid)        emit NetState(false);    else        emit NetState(true);    QJsonDocument jsonDoc;    QJsonObject jsonObj,vocObj,en_definitionsObj;    switch(httpAction)    {    case NoAction:        break;    case GetSessionidAction:        sessionid=getCookie("csrftoken");        if(!sessionid.isEmpty()){            emit connectSuccess();            qDebug()<<("Connect successfully! Verifying username and password...");           loginShanbay();        }else{            emit connectFail();             qDebug()<<("Cannot connect! Please try to check the internet!");        }        break;    case LoginAction:        httpAction=NoAction;        if(0==reply->readAll().size())        {            QString nickname=QUrl::fromPercentEncoding(getCookie("username").toLatin1());            emit verifySuccess();            qDebug()<<"Login successfully!"<<nickname;            queryWord("hello");        }else        {            emit verifyFail();            qDebug()<<"Failed to login! Please check!";        }        break;    case QueryWordAction://是在这里面进行JSON数据解析!        qDebug()<<"----query word----";        wordInformation=reply->readAll();         qDebug()<<"the information of word in JSON format::\n";         qDebug()<< wordInformation;        jsonDoc=QJsonDocument::fromJson( wordInformation);        if(!jsonDoc.isNull())        {            jsonObj=jsonDoc.object();            vocObj=jsonObj.value("voc").toObject();//Qt5 自带JSON解析，因此很容易得到单词的各个部分的内容            en_definitionsObj=vocObj.value("en_definitions").toObject();               gotword->clear();            gotword->name=vocObj.value("content").toString();//单词本身            gotword->learning_id=QString::number(jsonObj.value("learning_id").toDouble(),'g',15);            gotword->definition=vocObj.value("definition").toString();//中文解释            gotword->pron=vocObj.value("pron").toString();//单词音标            gotword->pron=gotword->pron;            gotword->audio=vocObj.value("audio").toString();            //由于单词的英文解释有多项（词性、解释等等），我们将结果用html格式表示，并使得词性颜色设置为黑色            for( QJsonObject::const_iterator it=en_definitionsObj.constBegin();it!=en_definitionsObj.constEnd();it++)            {                gotword->en_definitions+=QString("<br><font color='black'><b>%1. </b></font>").arg(it.key());                if(it.value().isArray())                {                    foreach(QJsonValue jv,it.value().toArray())                    {                       gotword->en_definitions+=QString("%1; ").arg(jv.toString());                    }                }                gotword->en_definitions+="<br>";            }            emit signalQueryFinished(gotword);           //显示JSON解析后的数据            qDebug()<<"name="<<gotword->name;            qDebug()<<"word="<<gotword->learning_id;            qDebug()<<"definition="<<gotword->definition;            qDebug()<<"en_definitions="<<gotword->en_definitions;            qDebug()<<"pron="<<gotword->pron;            qDebug()<<"audio"<<gotword->audio;            //进行网络发音            QMediaPlayer *player = new QMediaPlayer();                player->setMedia(QUrl(gotword->audio));                player->play();            if(gotword->learning_id!="0")//不是新单词            {                qDebug()<<"你学过这个单词";            }        }        break;    case QueryWordExamplesAction://            qDebug()<<"query word examples";//             qDebug()<<reply->readAll();            break;    case AddWordAction://        qDebug()<<"add word";        jsonDoc=QJsonDocument::fromJson(reply->readAll());        if(!jsonDoc.isNull())        {            jsonObj=jsonDoc.object();            //qDebug()<<"jsonObj"<<jsonObj;            gotword->learning_id=QString::number(jsonObj.value("id").toDouble(),'g',15);          //  qDebug()<<jsonObj.value("id").toDouble()<<"add word result learning id="<<gotword->learning_id<< (gotword->learning_id!="0");         //   emit signalAddwordFinished(DICT::word->learning_id!="0");         //   queryExamples(DICT::word->learning_id);        }    default:break;    }}

5、main.cpp文件

#include <QApplication>#include "network.h"int main(int argc, char *argv[]){    QApplication a(argc, argv);    netWork *nW = new netWork();    nW->connectNet();    return a.exec();}

运行结果如下图：
这里写图片描述

基于Qt的词典开发系列

词典框架设计及成品展示
本地词典的设计
开始菜单的设计
无边框窗口的缩放与拖动
无边框窗口的拖动
界面美化设计
调用网络API
用户登录及API调用的实现
JSON数据解析
国际音标的显示
系统托盘的显示
调用讲述人
音频播放
自动补全功能
HTML特殊字符及正则表达式
后序

作品下载地址（发布版）：http://download.csdn.net/detail/tengweitw/8548767
作品下载地址（绿色版）：http://download.csdn.net/detail/tengweitw/8830495
源码下载地址：http://download.csdn.net/detail/tengweitw/8830503

原文：http://blog.csdn.net/tengweitw/article/details/46506945
作者：nineheadedbird

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