python logging 模块
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本文转自python的日志logging模块使用总结
1.简单的将日志打印到屏幕
import logginglogging.debug('This is debug message')logging.info('This is info message')logging.warning('This is warning message')
屏幕上打印:
WARNING:root:This is warning message
默认情况下,logging将日志打印到屏幕,日志级别为WARNING; 日志级别大小关系为:CRITICAL > ERROR > WARNING > INFO > DEBUG > NOTSET
,当然也可以自己定义日志级别。
2.通过logging.basicConfig
函数对日志的输出格式及方式做相关配置
import logginglogging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG, format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s', datefmt='%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S', filename='myapp.log', filemode='w')logging.debug('This is debug message')logging.info('This is info message')logging.warning('This is warning message')
./myapp.log文件中内容为:
Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:11] DEBUG This is debug messageSun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:12] INFO This is info messageSun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:13] WARNING This is warning message
logging.basicConfig函数各参数:
filename: 指定日志文件名filemode: 和file函数意义相同,指定日志文件的打开模式,'w'或'a'format: 指定输出的格式和内容,format可以输出很多有用信息,如上例所示:%(levelno)s: 打印日志级别的数值%(levelname)s: 打印日志级别名称%(pathname)s: 打印当前执行程序的路径,其实就是sys.argv[0]%(filename)s: 打印当前执行程序名%(funcName)s: 打印日志的当前函数%(lineno)d: 打印日志的当前行号%(asctime)s: 打印日志的时间%(thread)d: 打印线程ID%(threadName)s: 打印线程名称%(process)d: 打印进程ID%(message)s: 打印日志信息datefmt: 指定时间格式,同time.strftime()level: 设置日志级别,默认为logging.WARNINGstream: 指定将日志的输出流,可以指定输出到sys.stderr,sys.stdout或者文件,默认输出到sys.stderr,当stream和filename同时指定时,stream被忽略
3.将日志同时输出到文件和屏幕
i
mport logginglogging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG, format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s', datefmt='%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S', filename='myapp.log', filemode='w')#################################################################################定义一个StreamHandler,将INFO级别或更高的日志信息打印到标准错误,并将其添加到当前的日志处理对象#console = logging.StreamHandler()console.setLevel(logging.INFO)formatter = logging.Formatter('%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s')console.setFormatter(formatter)logging.getLogger('').addHandler(console)################################################################################logging.debug('This is debug message')logging.info('This is info message')logging.warning('This is warning message')
屏幕上打印:
root : INFO This is info messageroot : WARNING This is warning message./myapp.log文件中内容为:Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:11] DEBUG This is debug messageSun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:12] INFO This is info messageSun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:13] WARNING This is warning message
4.logging之日志回滚
import loggingfrom logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler#####################################################################定义一个RotatingFileHandler,最多备份5个日志文件,每个日志文件最大10MRthandler = RotatingFileHandler('myapp.log', maxBytes=10*1024*1024,backupCount=5)Rthandler.setLevel(logging.INFO)formatter = logging.Formatter('%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s')Rthandler.setFormatter(formatter)logging.getLogger('').addHandler(Rthandler)######################################################################
从上例和本例可以看出,logging有一个日志处理的主对象,其它处理方式都是通过addHandler添加进去的。
logging的几种handle方式如下:
logging.StreamHandler: 日志输出到流,可以是sys.stderr、sys.stdout或者文件logging.FileHandler: 日志输出到文件日志回滚方式,实际使用时用RotatingFileHandler和TimedRotatingFileHandlerlogging.handlers.BaseRotatingHandlerlogging.handlers.RotatingFileHandlerlogging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandlerlogging.handlers.SocketHandler: 远程输出日志到TCP/IP socketslogging.handlers.DatagramHandler: 远程输出日志到UDP socketslogging.handlers.SMTPHandler: 远程输出日志到邮件地址logging.handlers.SysLogHandler: 日志输出到syslog logging.handlers.NTEventLogHandler: 远程输出日志到Windows NT/2000/XP的事件日志 logging.handlers.MemoryHandler: 日志输出到内存中的制定bufferlogging.handlers.HTTPHandler: 通过"GET"或"POST"远程输出到HTTP服务器由于StreamHandler和FileHandler是常用的日志处理方式,所以直接包含在logging模块中,而其他方式则包含在logging.handlers模块中, 上述其它处理方式的使用请参见python2.5手册!
5.通过logging.config模块配置日志
#logger.conf###############################################[loggers]keys=root,example01,example02[logger_root]level=DEBUGhandlers=hand01,hand02[logger_example01]handlers=hand01,hand02qualname=example01propagate=0[logger_example02]handlers=hand01,hand03qualname=example02propagate=0###############################################[handlers]keys=hand01,hand02,hand03[handler_hand01]class=StreamHandlerlevel=INFOformatter=form02args=(sys.stderr,)[handler_hand02]class=FileHandlerlevel=DEBUGformatter=form01args=('myapp.log', 'a')[handler_hand03]class=handlers.RotatingFileHandlerlevel=INFOformatter=form02args=('myapp.log', 'a', 10*1024*1024, 5)###############################################[formatters]keys=form01,form02[formatter_form01]format=%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)sdatefmt=%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S[formatter_form02]format=%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)sdatefmt=
上例3:
import loggingimport logging.configlogging.config.fileConfig("logger.conf")logger = logging.getLogger("example01")logger.debug('This is debug message')logger.info('This is info message')logger.warning('This is warning message')
上例4:
import loggingimport logging.configlogging.config.fileConfig("logger.conf")logger = logging.getLogger("example02")logger.debug('This is debug message')logger.info('This is info message')logger.warning('This is warning message')
6.logging是线程安全的
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