算法导论 第二十五章:有向图的传递闭包

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   已知一有向图G=<V,E>,顶点集合V={1,2,...,n},我们可能希望确定对所有顶点对i,j ∈ V,图G中事发后都存在一条从i到 j 的路径。G的传递闭包定义为图,其中:

                                                       

     在Θ(n^3)时间内计算出图的传递闭包的一种方法是对E中每条边赋以权值1,然后运行Floyd-Warshall算法。如果顶点i到顶点j存在一条路径,则d(i,j)<n,否则d(i,j)=∞。

   另一种方法与Floyd-Warshall类似,可以在Θ(n^3)内计算出图G的传递闭包,且在实际中可以节省时空需求,具体原理如下:

       将Floyd-Warshall中的min和+操作,用相应的逻辑运算∨(逻辑OR)和∧(逻辑AND)来代替,对于i,j,k = 1,2,...,n,如果图G中从顶点i到顶点j存在一条通路,且所有中间顶点均属于集合{1,2,...k},则定义如下:

当k ≥ 1时,有:

    

伪代码:

EG:


完整代码:

#include<iostream>#include<climits>#include<iomanip>using namespace std;typedef int vType;typedef int wType;typedef struct edge{vType u;   // the start of edgevType v;   // the end of edge}edge;typedef struct MGraph{int vNum;int eNum;vType *V;edge *E;}MGraph;void Matrix_Print(bool **M,int n){for(int i=0; i< n; i++){ for(int j=0; j<n; j++)cout<<setw(2)<<M[i][j];cout<<endl;}}int Locate(MGraph &G,vType v){for(int i=0; i<G.vNum; i++)if(v == G.V[i])return i;return -1;}void Graph_Init(MGraph &G,vType V[],edge E[]){//init the vertices G.V = new vType[G.vNum];for(int i=0; i<G.vNum; i++)G.V[i] = V[i];//init the edgeG.E = new edge[G.eNum];for(int i=0 ; i<G.eNum; i++){G.E[i].u = E[i].u;G.E[i].v = E[i].v;} }bool **Matrix_Copy(bool **M,int n){bool **T = new bool*[n];for(int i=0; i<n; i++)T[i] = new bool[n];for(int i=0; i<n; i++)for(int j=0; j<n; j++)T[i][j] = M[i][j];return T;}/*----------------------Transitive Closure Alogrithm-----------------------------*/bool **T;bool **Transitive_Closure(MGraph &G){int n = G.vNum;//alloc memory for matrix T;T = new bool*[n];for(int i=0; i<n; i++)T[i]= new bool[n];//when beginning,matrix T denote T[0]for(int i =0 ; i<n; i++)for(int j=0; j<n; j++)if(i == j)T[i][j] = 1;elseT[i][j] = 0;for(int i=0; i<G.eNum; i++){int u_i = Locate(G,G.E[i].u);int v_i = Locate(G,G.E[i].v);T[u_i][v_i] = 1;}bool **tempT = new bool*[n];for(int i=0; i<n; i++)tempT[i] = new bool[n];for(int k=0; k<n; k++){tempT = Matrix_Copy(T,n);for(int i=0; i<n; i++)for(int j=0; j<n; j++)T[i][j] = tempT[i][j] | (tempT[i][k] & tempT[k][j]);//cout<<"The "<<k<<"th round is:"<<endl;//Matrix_Print(T,n);}return T;}/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/int main(){vType V[]={1,2,3,4};edge  E[]={{2,3},{2,4},{3,2},{4,1},{4,3}};MGraph G;G.vNum = sizeof(V)/sizeof(vType);G.eNum = sizeof(E)/sizeof(edge) ;Graph_Init(G,V,E);T = Transitive_Closure(G);cout<<"The final transitive closure matrix is:"<<endl;Matrix_Print(T,G.vNum);return 0;}

运行结果:



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