[Wireshark]Sniffing with Wireshark(or tshark) as a Non-Root User on CentOS
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This HOWTO is referencing the article written by Stretch
Filesystem Capabilities
What are filesystem capabilities? From the man page:
The manual goes on to list over two dozen distinct POSIX capabilities which individual executables may be granted. For sniffing, we’re interested in two specifically:
CAP_NET_ADMIN - Allow various network-related operations (e.g., setting privileged socket options, enabling multicasting, interface configuration, modifying routing tables).CAP_NET_RAW - Permit use of RAW and PACKET sockets.
CAP_NET_ADMIN allows us to set an interface to promiscuous mode, and CAP_NET_RAW permits raw access to an interface for capturing directly off the wire. These capabilities are assigned using the
setcap
utility.
Enabling Non-root Capture
Step 1: Install setcap
First, we’ll need to install the setcap
executable if it hasn’t been already. We’ll use this to set granular capabilities on Wireshark’s dumpcap
executable.
On CentOS, setcap
is part of libcap
As root
, check if setcap is installed:
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -lq libcap/lib64/libcap.so.2/lib64/libcap.so.2.16/lib64/security/pam_cap.so/usr/sbin/capsh/usr/sbin/getcap/usr/sbin/getpcaps/usr/sbin/setcap/usr/share/doc/libcap-2.16/usr/share/doc/libcap-2.16/License/usr/share/doc/libcap-2.16/capability.notes/usr/share/man/man1/capsh.1.gz/usr/share/man/man8/getcap.8.gz/usr/share/man/man8/setcap.8.gz
If it is not installed, use yum install libcap
to install it.
Step 2: Create a Wireshark Group (Optional)
Since the application we’ll be granting heightened capabilities can by default be executed by all users, you may wish to add a designated group for the Wireshark family of utilities (and similar applications) and restrict their execution to users within that group. However, this step isn’t strictly necessary.
As root
, check if group wireshark
already exists.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/group | grep wireshark
If not (where web
is the user you want to run wireshark):
groupadd wiresharkusermod -a -G wireshark web
We assign the dumpcap
executable to this group instead of Wireshark itself, as dumpcap
is responsible for all the low-level capture work. Changing its mode to 750 ensures only users belonging to its group can execute the file.
chgrp wireshark /usr/sbin/dumpcapchmod 750 /usr/sbin/dumpcap
Step 3: Grant Capabilities
Granting capabilities with setcap
is a simple matter:
setcap cap_net_raw,cap_net_admin=eip /usr/sbin/dumpcap
In case you’re wondering, that =eip
bit after the capabilities list grants them in the effective, inheritable, and permitted bitmaps, respectively. A more thorough explanation is provided in section 2 of this FAQ.
To verify our change, we can use getcap
:
[root@localhost ~]# getcap /usr/sbin/dumpcap/usr/sbin/dumpcap = cap_net_admin,cap_net_raw+eip
Start and stop packet capture with tshark
Now, log in as web
, type tshark -D
to list the interfaces.
To start capturing, use tshark -i eth0 -w /tmp/test.pcap
to capture traffic on eth0
and save it to /tmp/test.pcap
To stop capturing, use killall tshark
. It will flush all the packets in the buffer to /tmp/test.pcap
and gracefully stop the tshark
process.
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