VC++ 6.0 C语言实现俄罗斯方块教程

今天把我之前写的大作业分享一下吧，并教你们如何实现，希望你们看了前面的教程也能自己写一个。

1.要先下载一个 graphics.h 的头文件来绘图。

2.初始化窗口：initgraph(x, y);这是先创建一个窗口的函数，以左上角为(0,0)，向右为x轴，向下为y轴，其中x表示长x个单位，y表示宽y个单位。

3.关闭图像窗口：closegraph();结束时用来关闭用的。

4.按任意键继续：getch();这个就和getchar();差不多，为了防止以运行完就关了，这样能停顿一下，他的头文件是：conio.h 。

5.画线：line(x1, y1, x2, y2);在你创建的那么窗口里以(x1,y1)和(x2,y2)为两个端点画线。

6.画矩形：rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2);以(x1,y1)和(x2,y2)为对角画一个矩形。

7.画圆：circle(x,y,r);以(x,y)为圆点，r为半径画圆。

8.颜色：setcolor(x);用来设置颜色的，其中x是你要设置的颜色，可以填这16种：黑 BLACK、蓝 BLUE、绿 GREEN、青 CYAN、红 RED、紫 MAGENTA、棕 BROWN、浅灰 LIGHTGRAY、深灰 DARKGRAY、亮蓝 LIGHTBLUE、亮绿 LIGHTGREEN、亮青 LIGHTCYAN、亮红 LIGHTRED、亮紫 LIGHTMAGENTA、黄 YELLOW、白 WHITE；当然，你也可以根据光的三原色来调自己喜欢的颜色，方法是：setcolor(RGB(x,y,z));其中RGB分别代表红绿蓝，对应的x,y,z是你选的该颜色的多少，范围是[0,255]。

根据上面的这些就能画出很多图形了.比如：

# include <graphics.h># include <conio.h>  void main()  {    initgraph(640,480);  setcolor(BROWN);  line(200,200,300,130);  line(400,200,300,130);  rectangle(200,200,400,380);  setcolor(RGB(100,150,200));  circle(255,260,20);  circle(345,260,20);  rectangle(280,300,310,360);  getch();  closegraph();  }

还有这个，画一个圆，圆心是(320,240),半径r=200，根据角度的公式画一个圆：

# include <graphics.h># include <conio.h># include <math.h># define PI 3.1415926  void main()  {  initgraph(640, 480);  int x,y,r=200,c;  double a;  for(a=0; a<PI*2; a+=0.0001)  {  x=(int)(r*cos(a)+320+0.5);  y=(int)(r*sin(a)+240+0.5);  c=(int)(a*255/(2*PI));  setcolor(RGB(c,200-c/2,100+c/2));  line(320,240,x,y);  }  getch();  closegraph();  }

9.停顿：Sleep(x);停顿x/1000秒。

有了Sleep();函数，就能让线动起来了，原理就是：先画一条线，然后再画一条黑色的线覆盖原来的那条，然后再画一条线，这样不断的画线能行了。

# include <graphics.h># include <conio.h>  void main()  {  int i,y;  initgraph(640,480);  for(y=0;y<480-2;y++)  {  setcolor(RGB(y,125,y/2%256));  line(0,y,639,y);  line(0,y+2,639,y+2);  Sleep(10);  setcolor(BLACK);  line(0,y,639,y);  }  getch();  closegraph();  }

10.随机数发生器：srand();使用方法：srand(time(NULL));使用时要有头文件time.h。

11.随机函数:rand();随机生成一个数，头文件是：stdlib.h，比如：

# include <stdio.h># include <time.h># include <graphics.h>  void main()  {  int t=10;  while(t--)  {  srand(time(NULL));  printf("%d\n",rand());  Sleep(1000);  }}

12.判断键盘是否有输入：kbhit();如果有的话返回1，否则返回0.

13.方向键：方健健的ASCII值我们不知道，普通的getchar();也不能输入，但是getch();通过运行程序可以发现方向比较特殊，分别是：上 224+72、下 224+80、左 224+75、右 224+77，就是说他们是由两个字符组成的，所以判断上下左右时就先判断if(kbhit()),然后判断if(getch()==224),如果是的话在判断if(getch()==72),是的话就是上，下左右同理。

# include <stdio.h># include <graphics.h># include <conio.h>  void main()  {  int key;  while(1)  {  if(kbhit())  {  key=getch();  if(key==224)  key=getch();  printf("%d",key);  }  else  printf("*");  Sleep(500);  }  }

14.输出：outtextxy(x,y,s);在坐标为(x,y)的地方输出字符串s。

15.数字转字符串：sprintf(s,"%d",a);将数字a,转化为字符串s，头文件是stdio.h。

16.设置字体：setfont(x,y,"字体");其中x表示你你要输出的字的大小，y会改变形状一般都是设为0，"字体"为你想要输出的字体，比如：setfont(40,0,"楷体");

# include <graphics.h># include <conio.h># include <stdio.h>  void main()  {  char s[10];  initgraph(640,480);  setfont(42,0,"隶体");  outtextxy(200,200,"俄罗斯方块");  sprintf(s,"%d",2015);  outtextxy(250,250,s);  getch();  closegraph();  }

上面这些都学会了的话，差不多就能够自己完成编写一个俄罗斯方块了，下面分享一下我写的代码。

# include <stdio.h># include <time.h># include <conio.h># include <graphics.h>  int a,visit[30][15],Color[30][15],minX=30,minY=30,maxX=310,maxY=610,speed=500,score=0,rank=0;  int color[]={GREEN,CYAN,MAGENTA,BROWN,LIGHTGRAY,LIGHTBLUE,LIGHTGREEN,LIGHTRED,YELLOW};  int block[36][5][5]=  {  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},  {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}  };  void Interface();//界面的设计  void nextblock();//生成下一个方块  void newblock();//将下一个放到主方框中  void move(int x,int y,int A);//移动方块  int couldmove(int x0,int y0,int A,char dir,int next);//判断能否移动  int couldrotate(int x0,int y0,int A,int next);//判断能否旋转  void mark(int x0,int y0,int A,int next);//标记方块固定后的位置  void full();//判断有没有能够消行的  void down(int x);//有消行的将上面的方块下移一行  int gameover();//判断游戏是否结束  int main()  {  int i,j;  Interface();  nextblock();  Sleep(500);  memset(visit,0,sizeof(visit));  while(1)  {  newblock();  full();  if(gameover())  break;  }  getch();  closegraph();  return 0;  }  void Interface()  {  int i,j;  char str[10];  initgraph(550, 660);  HWND hwnd = GetHWnd();  SetWindowText(hwnd, "NEW俄罗斯方块                 制作:丶阿明");  Sleep(2000);  setfont(40,0,"隶体");  setcolor(RED);  outtextxy(145,200,"NEW");  setfont(40,0,"楷体");  for(i=0;i<=255;i++)  for(j=0;j<=255;j++)  {  setcolor(RGB((i+j+128)%255,i,j));  outtextxy(205,200,"俄罗斯方块!");  }  Sleep(2000);  setcolor(YELLOW);  setfont(22,0,"隶体");  outtextxy(310,300,"←_←");  setfont(22,0,"楷体");  outtextxy(180,300,"这逼装的可以");  setcolor(LIGHTMAGENTA);  Sleep(2500);  outtextxy(175,300,"请按任意键开始游戏!");  getch();  cleardevice();  setcolor(WHITE);  rectangle(29,29,334,633);  rectangle(28,28,335,634);  rectangle(370,50,515,195);  setfont(24,0, "楷体");  setcolor(LIGHTGRAY);  outtextxy(405,215,"下一个:");  setcolor(RED);  outtextxy(405,280,"分数:");  sprintf(str,"%d",score);  outtextxy(415,310,str);  outtextxy(405,375,"等级:");  sprintf(str,"%d",rank);  outtextxy(425,405,str);  setfont(22,0, "楷体");  setcolor(LIGHTBLUE);  outtextxy(390,475,"操作说明:");  outtextxy(390,500,"↑: 旋转");  outtextxy(390,525,"↓: 下降");  outtextxy(390,550,"←: 左移");  outtextxy(390,575,"→: 右移");  outtextxy(390,600,"空格: 暂停");  }  void nextblock()  {  int i,j,x=391,y=71;  setfont(23,0,"楷体");  setcolor(BLACK);  for(i=0;i<5;i++)  for(j=0;j<5;j++)  outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i,"■");  srand(time(NULL));  a=rand()%9;  setcolor(color[a]);  for(i=0;i<5;i++)  for(j=0;j<5;j++)  if(block[4*a][i][j]==1)  outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i,"■");  }  void newblock()  {  int i,j,x=130,y=30,A=a;  if(A==0||A==1||A==6)  y-=60;  else if(A==2||A==3||A==5||A==7||A==8)  y-=40;  else  y-=80;  setfont(23,0,"楷体");  setcolor(color[A]);  for(i=0;i<5;i++)  for(j=0;j<5;j++)  if(block[4*A][i][j]==1&&y+20*i>=30)  outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i,"■");  Sleep(100);  nextblock();  move(x,y,A);  }  void move(int x,int y,int A)  {  int i,j,f,k=0,next=0,Speed=speed,key,nex;  while(1)  {  f=couldmove(x,y+k,A,'x',next);  if(f==0)  {  mark(x,y+k,A,next);  break;  }  if(kbhit())  {  key=getch();  if(key==32)  getch();  }  setcolor(BLACK);  for(i=0;i<5;i++)  for(j=0;j<5;j++)  if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&y+20*i+k>=30)  outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i+k,"■");  if(kbhit())  {  key=getch();  if(key==72)  {  nex=(next+1)%4;  if(couldrotate(x,y+k,A,nex))  next=nex;  }  else if(key==80)  Speed=50;  else if(key==75&&couldmove(x,y+k+20,A,'z',next))  x-=20;  else if(key==77&&couldmove(x,y+k+20,A,'y',next))  x+=20;  }  setcolor(color[A]);  for(i=0;i<5;i++)  for(j=0;j<5;j++)  if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&y+20*i+k+20>=30)  outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i+k+20,"■");  Sleep(Speed);  k+=20;  }  }  int couldmove(int x0,int y0,int A,char dir,int next)  {  int i,j,x,y,f=1;  x=(y0-minY)/20;  y=(x0-minX)/20;  if(dir=='x')  {  for(i=0;i<5;i++)  for(j=0;j<5;j++)  if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(x+i+1==30||(x+i+1>=0&&x+i+1<30&&y+j>=0&&y+j<15&&visit[x+i+1][y+j]==1)))  f=0;  }  else if(dir=='z')  {  for(i=0;i<5;i++)  for(j=0;j<5;j++)  if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(y+j==0||(x+i>=0&&x+i<30&&y+j-1>=0&&y+j-1<15&&visit[x+i][y+j-1]==1)))  f=0;  }  else if(dir=='y')  {  for(i=0;i<5;i++)  for(j=0;j<5;j++)  if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(y+j+1==15||(x+i>=0&&x+i<30&&y+j+1>=0&&y+j+1<15&&visit[x+i][y+j+1]==1)))  f=0;  }  return f;  }  int couldrotate(int x0,int y0,int A,int next)  {  int i,j,x,y,f=1;  x=(y0-minY)/20;  y=(x0-minX)/20;  if(!couldmove(x0,y0,A,'x',next))  f=0;  for(i=0;i<5;i++)  for(j=0;j<5;j++)  if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(y+j==-1||y+j==15||(x+i>=0&&x+i<30&&y+j>=0&&y+j<15&&visit[x+i][y+j]==1)))  f=0;  return f;  }  void mark(int x0,int y0,int A,int next)  {  int i,j,x,y;  x=(y0-minY)/20;  y=(x0-minX)/20;  for(i=0;i<5;i++)  for(j=0;j<5;j++)  if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1)  {  visit[x+i][y+j]=1;  Color[x+i][y+j]=color[A];  }  }  void full()  {  int i,j,k=0;  char str[10];  for(i=29;i>=0;i--)  {  for(j=0;j<15;j++)  if(visit[i][j]==0)  break;  if(j==15)  {  k++;  down(i);  i++;  }  }  setcolor(RED);  score+=10*k;  sprintf(str,"%d",score);  outtextxy(415,310,str);  rank=(score/50);  sprintf(str,"%d",rank);  outtextxy(425,405,str);  speed=500-100*rank;  if(speed==0)  speed=100;  if(score>=300)  speed=75;  }  void down(int x)  {  int i,j;  for(i=x;i>0;i--)  for(j=0;j<15;j++)  if(visit[i-1][j]==1)  {  visit[i][j]=visit[i-1][j];  Color[i][j]=Color[i-1][j];  setcolor(Color[i-1][j]);  outtextxy(minX+20*j,minY+20*i,"■");  }  else  {  visit[i][j]=visit[i-1][j];  setcolor(BLACK);  outtextxy(minX+20*j,minY+20*i,"■");  }  setcolor(BLACK);  for(j=0;j<15;j++)  {  visit[0][j]=0;  outtextxy(minX+20*j,minY,"■");  }  }  int gameover()  {  int i,j;  for(i=0;i<15;i++)  if(visit[0][i]==1)  {  for(i=0;i<=7;i++)  {  setcolor(RGB(35*i,255-35*i,255));  for(j=i;j<30-i;j++,Sleep(20))  outtextxy(30+20*i,30+20*j,"■");  for(j=i;j<15-i;j++,Sleep(20))  outtextxy(30+20*j,30+20*(29-i),"■");  for(j=30-1-i;j>=i;j--,Sleep(20))  outtextxy(30+20*(14-i),30+20*j,"■");  for(j=15-1-i;j>=i;j--,Sleep(20))  outtextxy(30+20*j,30+20*i,"■");  }  setcolor(WHITE);  setfont(45,0,"隶体");  outtextxy(75,300,"GAME OVER!");  Sleep(5000);  return 1;  }  return 0;  }

我设置的一行能放15个小格子，一共能放30行，二维数组visit[30][15],来判断某个位置是否有方块，比如visit[29][5]=1表示第30行第6个方块的位置有方块了，0表示没方块,Color[30][15]用来记录某个位置的方块的颜色。minX=30,minY=30表示左上角的方块也就是第1行第1列的方块对应在界面的坐标，maxX,maxY同理。speed表示方块的下落速度，一开始初始化为500，没0.5s往下落一行，score记录分数，每消一行加10分，rank表示等级，每50分等级+1，且速度减100，当速度减到100时，就不变了，只有当分数超过300速度才会减为75，且以后都不会再减少了。

我一个设计了9种方块，每种方块都有4种形态，每顺时针旋转90°就有一种形态，所以一共是36个方块。每个方块都用5*5的二维数组来表示，36种就是36个二维数组，所以用block[36][5][5]来表示，block[k][5][5],（k<36&&k%4==0）表示每种方块的初始形态，k+1，+2，+3,分别表示第k种方块选择90°、180°、270°之后的形态。比如block[1][5][5]保存的是第1种方块旋转90°的方块，其中block[1][i][j]=1表示这个方块第i+1行，j+1列有一个小方块，=0代表没有，所以我的block[36][5][5]，有36行，一行25个数列，表示一种方块。一维数组color[]依次表示9种方块的颜色。

附上效果图：