【C++】声明并实现一个万年历类【腾讯面试题】

一、万年历类中所包含函数，以及功能

/******************************************************************************************

Date.hpp:
Copyright (c) Bit Software, Inc.(2013), All rights reserved.


Purpose:
声明并实现一个万年历类【腾讯面试题】


Author:
xxx


Created Time:
2015-4-26
******************************************************************************************/

class Time

{
public:
Time(int hour);
Time(const Time& t);
Time& operator=(const Time& t);


private:
int _hour;
}


class Date
{
public:
// 初始化列表进行初始化。 
Date (int year = 1900, int month = 1, int day = 1);
Date (const Date& d);


Date& operator= (const Date& d);
void Display ();
public:
//
// 比较日期的运算符重载
//
bool operator == (const Date& d);
bool operator != (const Date& d);
bool operator > (const Date& d);
bool operator >= (const Date& d);
bool operator < (const Date& d);
bool operator <= (const Date& d);


//
// 计算一个日期加减一个天数以后的日期。
//
Date operator+(int day);
Date operator-(int day);
Date& operator-=(int day);
Date& operator+=(int day);


const Date& operator++();// 前置++
Date operator++(int);// 后置++
const Date& operator--();// 前置--
Date operator--(int);// 后置--


//
// 两个日期相加没有意义
// 计算两个日期相减以后的差的天数
//
int operator-(const Date& d);
private:
int _year;
int _month;
int _day;


const int _testConst;
int& _testRef;
Time _t;
};

二、代码

#include <iostream>using namespace std;class Time{public:Time(int hour=0,int minute=0,int second=0){//cout<<"构函数"<<endl;_hour=hour;_minute=minute;_second=second;}friend class Date;Time(const Time& t){//cout<<"copy构造函数"<<endl;}Time& operator=(const Time& t){_hour = t._hour;_minute=t._minute;_second=t._second;return *this;}private:int _hour;int _minute;int _second;};class Date{public:// 初始化列表进行初始化//Date (int year = 1900, int month = 1, int day = 1,int hour=0):_t(hour)//{////cout<<"构造函数"<<endl;//_year = year;//_month = month;//_day = day;//if (CheckDate() == false) //        { //           Date(); //        }//}Date (int year = 1900, int month = 1, int day = 1):_year(year),_month(month),_day(day){// 检查如果输入参数是非法时间，则初始化为1900-1-1if (CheckDate()){year = 1900;month = 1;day = 1;}}Date (const Date& d){_year = d._year;_month = d._month;_day = d._day;//cout<<"copy构造函数"<<endl;}Date& operator= (const Date& d){_year=d._year;_month=d._month;_day=d._day;return *this;}void Display (Time& t){cout<<_year<<"-"<<_month<<"-"<<_day<<endl;cout<<t._hour<<":"<<t._minute<<":"<<t._second<<endl;}public://日期检查bool CheckDate ()    {          if (_year < 1             || ( _month < 1 || _month > 12)             || ( _day < 1   || _day > MonthDay(_year, _month )))         {               return true ;         }          return false ;    }//// 比较日期的运算符重载//bool operator == (const Date& d){return(_year == d._year) && (_month == d._month) && (_day == d._day);}bool operator != (const Date& d){return !(*this == d);}bool operator > (const Date& d){if(_year > d._year){return true;}else if((_year == d._year)&&(_month > d._month)){return true;}else if((_year == d._year)&&(_month == d._month)&&(_day >d._day)){return true;}else{return false;}}bool operator >= (const Date& d){return ((*this==d)||(*this>d));}bool operator < (const Date& d){return !(*this>=d);}bool operator <= (const Date& d){return !(*this>d);}// 将日期转换为正确的日期//注意此函数功能多次用到，因此进行单个包装，用来减短代码长度！！！void _ToCrrectDate(){while(_day < 0){_day += MonthDay (_year, _month);if (_month == 1){_year--;_month = 12;}else{_month--;}}while (_day > MonthDay(_year, _month)){_day -= MonthDay (_year, _month);if (_month == 12){_year++;_month = 1;}else{_month++;}}}//// 计算一个日期加减一个天数以后的日期。//Date operator+(int day){Date tmp(*this);tmp._day+=day;tmp._ToCrrectDate();return tmp;}Date operator-(int day){Date tmp(*this);tmp._day=tmp._day-day;tmp._ToCrrectDate();return tmp;}Date& operator-=(int day){this->_day -= day;this->_ToCrrectDate();return *this;}Date& operator+=(int day){this->_day += day;this->_ToCrrectDate();return *this;}const Date& operator++()// 前置++{*this += 1;return *this;return *this;}Date operator++(int)// 后置++若没有加上（int），为何有如此多的错误{Date tmp(*this);*this += 1;return tmp;}const Date& operator--()// 前置--{*this -= 1;return *this;}Date operator--(int)// 后置--{Date tmp(*this);*this -= 1;return tmp;}//// 两个日期相加没有意义// 计算两个日期相减以后的差的天数//int operator-(const Date& d){int flag = 1;//标示量Date x1 = *this, x2 = d;if (x1 < x2){flag = -1;x1 = d;x2 = *this;}int Days = 0;//日期相差天数while (x1 != x2){++x2;Days++;}return Days*flag;}int MonthDay(int year,int month){if (year < 1 || month < 1 || month > 12){              return 0;        }static int array[13]={0,31,29,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31};//注意static的作用if(((year%4)&&(year%100)!=0)||(year%400==0)){array[2]=28;}return array[month];}friend ostream& operator<<( ostream& os , const Date& d );    friend istream& operator>>( istream& is , Date& d); private:int _year;int _month;int _day;/*const int _testConst;int& _testRef;*/Time _t;};ostream& operator<<( ostream& os , const Date& d ){os<<d._year<<"-";os<<d._month<<"-";os<<d._day;     return os ;}istream& operator>>( istream& is , Date& d){     cout<<" 请分别输入年月日： "<<endl ;     is>>d._year;     is>>d._month;     is>>d._day;     return is ;}void PromptInfo(){cout<<"========日期计算器======="<<endl;cout<<"0.退出"<<endl;cout<<"1.推后几天的日期"<<endl;cout<<"2.计算日期差"<<endl;cout<<"3.清屏"<<endl;cout<<"========================="<<endl;}void main(){Date d1, d2;int in, days;do {PromptInfo();cin>>in;switch(in){case 0:break;case 1:cin>>d1;if (d1.CheckDate()){cout<<"输入日期非法！"<<endl;break;}cout<<"请出入计算推后的天数"<<endl;cin>>days;d1+=days;cout<<d1<<endl;break;case 2:cin>>d1;if (d1.CheckDate()){cout<<"输入日期非法！"<<endl;break;}cin>>d2;if (d2.CheckDate()){cout<<"输入日期非法！"<<endl;break;}days = d1 - d2;cout<<"相差的天数:"<<days<<endl;break;case 3: system("CLS"); break ;default:cout<<"选项错误，请重新选择"<<endl;break;}}while(in != 0);getchar();}