LAMP基础环境的搭建，即Linux、Apache、MySQL、PHP环境
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测试环境：
主机：windows server 2008 R2 64位
虚拟机：VMware Workstation 11.0.0
linux版本：CentOS release 5.5 (Final)
目标：搭建LAMP基础环境。
centOS Linux下用yum安装mysql
http://www.2cto.com/database/201305/208114.html
linux下查看mysql、apache是否安装,并卸载
http://www.flynoc.com/kb/shownews765.html
APACHE配置文件中文详解
http://www.blogjava.net/bukebushuo/articles/229103.html
Linux下安装mysql-5.6.4 的图文教程
http://www.jb51.net/article/39190.htm
#开始准备安装
Last login: Thu Sep 10 16:45:32 2015 from 192.168.3.12
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg Desktop install.log install.log.syslog
#mysql 没有安装
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start
mysqld: unrecognized service
#Apache默认已安装
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q httpd
httpd-2.2.3-43.el5.centos
#Apache版本
[root@localhost ~]# httpd -v
Server version: Apache/2.2.3
Server built: Apr 4 2010 17:19:54
[root@localhost ~]# apachectl -v
Server version: Apache/2.2.3
Server built: Apr 4 2010 17:19:54
#Apache安装文件位置
[root@localhost ~]# whereis httpd
httpd: /usr/sbin/httpd.event /usr/sbin/httpd.worker /usr/sbin/httpd /etc/httpd
/usr/lib/httpd /usr/share/man/man8/httpd.8.gz
#Apache运行文件目录位置
[root@localhost ~]# which httpd
/usr/sbin/httpd
#查询当前linux版本
[root@localhost ~]# lsb_release -a
LSB Version: :core-3.1-ia32:core-3.1-noarch:graphics-3.1-ia32:graphics-3.1-noarch
Distributor ID: CentOS
Description: CentOS release 5.5 (Final)
Release: 5.5
Codename: Final
#yum 安装 Mysql
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* addons: mirrors.skyshe.cn
* base: mirrors.skyshe.cn
* extras: mirrors.163.com
* updates: mirrors.163.com
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-server.i386 0:5.0.95-5.el5_9 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: mysql = 5.0.95-5.el5_9 for package: mysql-server
--> Processing Dependency: perl-DBD-MySQL for package: mysql-server
--> Processing Dependency: perl(DBI) for package: mysql-server
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.15(libmysqlclient_15) for package: mysql-server
--> Processing Dependency: perl-DBI for package: mysql-server
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient_r.so.15(libmysqlclient_15) for package: mysql-
server
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.15 for package: mysql-server
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient_r.so.15 for package: mysql-server
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql.i386 0:5.0.95-5.el5_9 set to be updated
---> Package perl-DBD-MySQL.i386 0:3.0007-2.el5 set to be updated
---> Package perl-DBI.i386 0:1.52-2.el5 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
mysql-server i386 5.0.95-5.el5_9 base 9.8 M
Installing for dependencies:
mysql i386 5.0.95-5.el5_9 base 4.9 M
perl-DBD-MySQL i386 3.0007-2.el5 base 148 k
perl-DBI i386 1.52-2.el5 base 600 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 4 Package(s)
Upgrade 0 Package(s)
Total download size: 15 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/4): perl-DBD-MySQL-3.0007-2.el5.i386.rpm | 148 kB 00:00
(2/4): perl-DBI-1.52-2.el5.i386.rpm | 600 kB 00:04
(3/4): mysql-5.0.95-5.el5_9.i386.rpm | 4.9 MB 01:18
(4/4): mysql-server-5.0.95-5.el5_9.i386.rpm | 9.8 MB 02:20
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 70 kB/s | 15 MB 03:45
warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID e8562897
base/gpgkey | 1.5 kB 00:00
Importing GPG key 0xE8562897 "CentOS-5 Key (CentOS 5 Official Signing Key) <centos-5-
key@centos.org>" from /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : perl-DBI 1/4
Installing : mysql 2/4
Installing : perl-DBD-MySQL 3/4
Installing : mysql-server 4/4
Installed:
mysql-server.i386 0:5.0.95-5.el5_9
Dependency Installed:
mysql.i386 0:5.0.95-5.el5_9 perl-DBD-MySQL.i386 0:3.0007-2.el5
perl-DBI.i386 0:1.52-2.el5
Complete!
#yum 安装 php-mysql
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install php-mysql
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* addons: mirrors.skyshe.cn
* base: mirrors.skyshe.cn
* extras: mirrors.163.com
* updates: mirrors.163.com
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package php-mysql.i386 0:5.1.6-45.el5_11 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: php-common = 5.1.6-45.el5_11 for package: php-mysql
--> Processing Dependency: php-pdo for package: php-mysql
--> Running transaction check
---> Package php-common.i386 0:5.1.6-45.el5_11 set to be updated
---> Package php-pdo.i386 0:5.1.6-45.el5_11 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
php-mysql i386 5.1.6-45.el5_11 updates 88 k
Installing for dependencies:
php-common i386 5.1.6-45.el5_11 updates 155 k
php-pdo i386 5.1.6-45.el5_11 updates 67 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 3 Package(s)
Upgrade 0 Package(s)
Total download size: 309 k
Downloading Packages:
(1/3): php-pdo-5.1.6-45.el5_11.i386.rpm | 67 kB 00:00
(2/3): php-mysql-5.1.6-45.el5_11.i386.rpm | 88 kB 00:00
(3/3): php-common-5.1.6-45.el5_11.i386.rpm | 155 kB 00:01
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 156 kB/s | 309 kB 00:01
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : php-common 1/3
Installing : php-pdo 2/3
Installing : php-mysql 3/3
Installed:
php-mysql.i386 0:5.1.6-45.el5_11
Dependency Installed:
php-common.i386 0:5.1.6-45.el5_11 php-pdo.i386 0:5.1.6-45.el5_11
Complete!
#mysql安装文件目录位置
[root@localhost ~]# whereis mysql
mysql: /usr/bin/mysql /usr/lib/mysql /usr/share/mysql /usr/share/man/man1/mysql.1.gz
#mysql 运行文件目录位置
[root@localhost ~]# which mysql
/usr/bin/mysql
#查看服务是否已经添加到linux上
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list mysqld
mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
////////////////////////////////////////////
#重启与停止mysql服务
启动方式1 service mysql start
启动方式2 /etc/init.d/mysql start
停止方式1 service mysql stop
停止方式2 /etc/init.d/mysql stop
重启方式1 service mysql restart
重启方式2 /etc/init.d/mysql restart
////////////////////////////////////////////
#启动mysql数据库
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start
Initializing MySQL database: Installing MySQL system tables...
OK
Filling help tables...
OK
To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h localhost.localdomain password 'new-password'
Alternatively you can run:
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation
which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default. This is
strongly recommended for production servers.
See the manual for more instructions.
You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd /usr ; /usr/bin/mysqld_safe &
You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl
Please report any problems with the /usr/bin/mysqlbug script!
The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at
http://www.mysql.com
Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com
[ OK ]
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]
#为MySQL的root用户设置密码
MySQL在刚刚被安装的时候，它的root用户是没有被设置密码的。首先来设置MySQL的root密码。
在没设置密码之时，用root用户登录MySQL服务器
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.0.95 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;
+------+-----------------------+----------+
| user | host | password |
+------+-----------------------+----------+
| root | localhost | |
| root | localhost.localdomain | |
| root | 127.0.0.1 | |
| | localhost | |
| | localhost.localdomain | |
+------+-----------------------+----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
#mysql设置密码
mysql> set password for root@localhost=password ('在这里填入root密码'); ← 设置root密码
[root@localhost ~]#
#安装PHP
[root@localhost ~]# yum install php
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* addons: mirrors.skyshe.cn
* base: mirrors.skyshe.cn
* extras: mirrors.163.com
* updates: mirrors.163.com
addons | 1.9 kB 00:00
base | 1.1 kB 00:00
extras | 2.1 kB 00:00
updates | 1.9 kB 00:00
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package php.i386 0:5.1.6-45.el5_11 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: php-cli = 5.1.6-45.el5_11 for package: php
--> Running transaction check
---> Package php-cli.i386 0:5.1.6-45.el5_11 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
php i386 5.1.6-45.el5_11 updates 2.3 M
Installing for dependencies:
php-cli i386 5.1.6-45.el5_11 updates 2.1 M
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 2 Package(s)
Upgrade 0 Package(s)
Total download size: 4.4 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/2): php-cli-5.1.6-45.el5_11.i386.rpm | 2.1 MB 00:03
(2/2): php-5.1.6-45.el5_11.i386.rpm | 2.3 MB 00:02
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 97 kB/s | 4.4 MB 00:46
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : php-cli 1/2
Installing : php 2/2
Installed:
php.i386 0:5.1.6-45.el5_11
Dependency Installed:
php-cli.i386 0:5.1.6-45.el5_11
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]# yum install php-devel
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* addons: mirrors.skyshe.cn
* base: mirrors.skyshe.cn
* extras: mirrors.163.com
* updates: mirrors.163.com
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package php-devel.i386 0:5.1.6-45.el5_11 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
php-devel i386 5.1.6-45.el5_11 updates 505 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 1 Package(s)
Upgrade 0 Package(s)
Total download size: 505 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
php-devel-5.1.6-45.el5_11.i386.rpm | 505 kB 00:01
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : php-devel 1/1
Installed:
php-devel.i386 0:5.1.6-45.el5_11
Complete!
#查看php设置文件
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d
[root@localhost conf.d]# ll *.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 771 Nov 6 2014 php.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 566 Apr 4 2010 proxy_ajp.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 299 Apr 4 2010 welcome.conf
#启动Apache
[root@localhost /]# /etc/init.d/httpd start
Starting httpd: [ OK ]
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd stop
Stopping httpd: [ OK ]
#配置apache
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
配置文件目录：/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
修改一下配置：
ExtendedStatus On
<Location /server-status>
SetHandler server-status
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from .example.com
Allow from 192.168.3.0/24
Allow from 127.0.0.1
Allow from 192.168.3.150
</Location>
#查看主机的目前状态回复网页
http://192.168.3.150/server-status
网页内容：
Apache Server Status for 192.168.3.150Server Version: Apache/2.2.3 (CentOS)
Server Built: Apr 4 2010 17:19:54
。。。。。后面省略
#编辑/etc/logrotate.d/httpd文件，启用备份日志压缩
/var/log/httpd/*log {
missingok
notifempty
sharedscripts
postrotate
/sbin/service httpd reload > /dev/null 2>/dev/null || true
endscript
compress //压缩备份日志
}
#用户端正常要求的记录日志
[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/log/httpd/access_log
#用户错误要求的数据，包括主机设置错误的信息等
[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/log/httpd/error_log
#重启apache
[root@localhost ~]# apachectl restart
#测试php
[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/www/html/phpinfo.php
<html>
<head>
<title>PHP ??</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php echo '<p>Hello World</p>'; ?>
</body>
</html>
#测试成功。就不上图了。
#关闭防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# service iptables stop
Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ]
Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ]
Unloading iptables modules: [ OK ]
#apache 监听
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -tnl | grep 80
tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN
#启动mysql
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]
#查看mysql监听端口
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -tnl | grep 3306
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
#登录mysql，查询用户，修改用户密码
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u rootWelcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.0.95 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| test |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.04 sec)
mysql>
mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;
+------+-----------------------+----------+
| user | host | password |
+------+-----------------------+----------+
| root | localhost | |
| root | localhost.localdomain | |
| root | 127.0.0.1 | |
| | localhost | |
| | localhost.localdomain | |
+------+-----------------------+----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> set password for root@localhost=password('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set password for root@127.0.0.1=password('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set password for root@localhost.localdomain=password('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;
+------+-----------------------+------------------+
| user | host | password |
+------+-----------------------+------------------+
| root | localhost | 565491d704013245 |
| root | localhost.localdomain | 565491d704013245 |
| root | 127.0.0.1 | 565491d704013245 |
| | localhost | |
| | localhost.localdomain | |
+------+-----------------------+------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
#用空密码登录失败
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
#通过密码登录
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.0.95 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+-----------------------+
| user | host |
+------+-----------------------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| | localhost |
| root | localhost |
| | localhost.localdomain |
| root | localhost.localdomain |
+------+-----------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#删除匿名用户
mysql> delete from mysql.user where user='';
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+-----------------------+
| user | host |
+------+-----------------------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | localhost |
| root | localhost.localdomain |
+------+-----------------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
#刷新，使以上操作生效
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
//-------------------------------------//
#发现主机连不上虚拟机的mysql数据库
注意需要在防火墙中开放3306的端口。
参考内容：
mysql远程连接 Host * is not allowed to connect to this MySQL server
http://www.111cn.net/database/mysql/45230.htm
解决此问题有以下2个方法：
localhost改成%
进入mysql的BIN目录
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root';
ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '%-root' for key 1
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+-----------------------+
| user | host |
+------+-----------------------+
| root | % |
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | localhost.localdomain |
+------+-----------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select host,user from user where user='root';
+-----------------------+------+
| host | user |
+-----------------------+------+
| % | root |
| 127.0.0.1 | root |
| localhost.localdomain | root |
+-----------------------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
参考内容：
查询mysql版本信息
http://www.dreaminto.com/2011/0106/358.html
#查询mysql版本
mysql> status;
--------------
mysql Ver 14.12 Distrib 5.0.95, for redhat-linux-gnu (i386) using readline 5.1
Connection id: 7
Current database: mysql
Current user: root@localhost
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.0.95 Source distribution
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset: latin1
Db characterset: latin1
Client characterset: latin1
Conn. characterset: latin1
UNIX socket: /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Uptime: 26 min 58 sec
Threads: 3 Questions: 93 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 23 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 17
Queries per second avg: 0.057
--------------
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.0.95 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql> exit
Bye
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -V
mysql Ver 14.12 Distrib 5.0.95, for redhat-linux-gnu (i386) using readline 5.1
#查看mysql日志
[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log
#查看端口
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -tupln
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
6120/mysqld
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
3466/portmap
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:721 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
3507/rpc.statd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
3714/cupsd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
3814/sendmail: acce
tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN
5061/httpd
tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN
...........
#测试php连接mysql数据库
#创建测试脚本
[root@localhost ~]# vi /var/www/html/testdb.php
<?php
$con = mysql_connect("localhost","root","123456");
if (!$con)
{
die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
// some code
$result = mysql_query("SHOW databases");
while($row = mysql_fetch_array($result))
{
echo $row[0].",";
}
mysql_free_result($result);
"/var/www/html/testdb.php" 24L, 304C written
#重启apache服务
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start
Starting mysqld:
[ OK ]
[root@localhost ~]#
网页显示：
information_schema,mysql,test,
#关机
[root@localhost ~]# halt
测试结束。
总结：
1. 手动启动服务：
#启动mysql数据库
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start
#启动Apache
[root@localhost /]# /etc/init.d/httpd start
#重启apache
[root@localhost ~]# apachectl restart
2.配置apache
#配置apache
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
配置文件目录：/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
3. 防火墙
#关闭防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# service iptables stop
[root@localhost ~]# service iptables start
4. mysql
#用空密码登录失败
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root
#通过密码登录
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p
//--------------------------------------------------------------//
Apache的配置其实比较复杂，本文只是搭建了一个基础平台，实践工作中需要根据需求进行进一步的配置。
Apache配置目录下的httpd.conf比较重要，认真研究的话，里面有许多参数需要进行调整的，这个等以后有机会再去研究了。
以下摘抄了一份资料，以备日后查阅。
http://www.woaidiannao.com/html/ITjs/fwqjs/6724.html
apache主要目录结构及主要配置文件
本文主要讲述apache主要目录结构及主要配置文件
1.apache目录结构
[root@test apache]# tree -L 1
.
|-- bin 程序命令目录
|-- build
|-- cgi-bin
|-- conf 配置文件目录
|-- error
|-- htdocs 编译安装时站点目录
|-- icons
|-- include
|-- lib
|-- logs 默认日志文件存放包括错误日志(error_log)和访问日志（access_log） tail -f access_log可以随时看访问记录， 里面httpd.pid还会记录主进程号
|-- man
|-- manual
`-- modules 模块目录 例如PHP MEMCACHE编译后的模块在这里面
bin目录
[root@test bin]# tree
.
|-- ab apache http服务器性能压力测试工具，类似的jmeter loadrunner webbench
|-- apachectl apache的启动命令
|-- apr-1-config
|-- apu-1-config
|-- apxs apache服务器编译和安装扩展的工具，在进行DSO方式模块编译时会用到例如编译PHP时就用到：--with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs
|-- checkgid
|-- dbmmanage
|-- envvars
|-- envvars-std
|-- htcacheclean 清理磁盘缓存区的命令，一般少用
|-- htdbm
|-- htdigest
|-- htpasswd 建立更新基本认证文件 例如配置nagio监控时候会用到
|-- httpd 为apache的控制命令程序，apachectl执行的时候会调用到httpd
|-- httxt2dbm
|-- logresolve
`-- rotatelogs apache自带日志轮换工具 ，也可以用到cronolog代替。
（本文来自 http://www.woaidiannao.com/html/ITjs/fwqjs/6724.html）
conf目录
[root@test conf]# tree
.
|-- extra 辅助apache配置文件
| |-- httpd-autoindex.conf
| |-- httpd-dav.conf dav支持配置
| |-- httpd-default.conf apache相关服务配置 如超时时间 保持连接时间
| |-- httpd-info.conf
| |-- httpd-languages.conf 语言支持
| |-- httpd-manual.conf
| |-- httpd-mpm.conf 服务器池管理，如apache模式配置 连接等
| |-- httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf
| |-- httpd-ssl.conf 支持SSL加密配置
| |-- httpd-userdir.conf
| `-- httpd-vhosts.conf 虚拟机配置文件
|-- httpd.conf 主配置文件
|-- magic
|-- mime.types
`-- original
2 httpd.conf主配置文件
[root@test apache]# egrep -v "#.*|^$" /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
ServerRoot "/usr/local/apache2.2.22" apache安装目录
Listen 80 apache端口
<IfModule !mpm_netware_module>
<IfModule !mpm_winnt_module>
User daemon apache运行用户
Group daemon apache运行组
</IfModule>
</IfModule>
ServerAdmin you@example.com 管理员邮箱
DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache2.2.22/htdocs" 站点目录，注意最后不要加/线
<Directory /> 根目录权限
Options FollowSymLinks 可以使用符号链接
AllowOverride None
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
</Directory>
<Directory "/usr/local/apache2.2.22/htdocs"> 目录权限 注意Indexes的作用是允许浏览目录
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None 禁止用户对目录配置文件.htaccess修改，一般为none
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>
<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.html 站点目录首页文件多个文件用空格隔开
</IfModule>
<FilesMatch "^\.ht"> 防止WEB用户查看以.ht开头的隐藏文件
Order allow,deny
Deny from all
Satisfy All
</FilesMatch>
ErrorLog "logs/error_log" 错误日志
LogLevel warn 警告级别
<IfModule log_config_module>
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined 复合日志格式
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common 常规日志格式
<IfModule logio_module>
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio 复合日志格式
</IfModule>
CustomLog "logs/access_log" common 默认访问日志格式
</IfModule>
<IfModule alias_module>
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/usr/local/apache2.2.22/cgi-bin/" CGI别名配置
</IfModule>
<IfModule cgid_module>
</IfModule>
<Directory "/usr/local/apache2.2.22/cgi-bin"> CGI权限访问路径
AllowOverride None
Options None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>
DefaultType text/plain 定义不能确定MIME类型时候使用默认MIME类型，如果服务主要包含text或HTML ,text/plain是一个好选择
<IfModule mime_module>
TypesConfig conf/mime.types
AddType application/x-compress .Z 允许信息在传输中使用mosaic/x 2.1+解压信息 但不是所有浏览器都支持
AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
</IfModule>
<IfModule ssl_module>
SSLRandomSeed startup builtin
SSLRandomSeed connect builtin
</IfModule>
（桌面图标有蓝底怎么去掉:电脑桌面图标有蓝色阴影http://www.woaidiannao.com/html/xwzx/6590.html ）
3.虚拟主机http_vhost.conf配置文件
NameVirtuaHost *:80
表示基于名称的虚拟主机 *:80表示监听本机所有IP的80端口上提供HTTP服务，*可以设置为具体IP
<VirtualHost *:80>
serveradmin 管理员邮箱
servername 域名
serveralias 别名 可以设置多个域名指向同一个站点
errorlog 错误日志
customlog 访问日志
</VirtualHost>
虚拟主机的配置是局部优先原则，也就是http_vhost.conf配置了，那么就不会从主配置文件http.conf中读取了
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