Spring3系列9- Spring AOP——Advice

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Spring3系列9- Spring AOP——Advice

Spring3系列9- Spring AOP——Advice

 

  Spring AOP即Aspect-oriented programming,面向切面编程,是作为面向对象编程的一种补充,专门用于处理系统中分布于各个模块(不同方法)中的交叉关注点的问题。简单地说,就是一个拦截器(interceptor)拦截一些处理过程。例如,当一个method被执行,Spring AOP能够劫持正在运行的method,在method执行前或者后加入一些额外的功能。

 

在Spring AOP中,支持4中类型的通知(Advice)

Before advice      ——method执行前通知

After returning advice ——method返回一个结果后通知

After throwing advice – method抛出异常后通知

Around advice – 环绕通知,结合了以上三种

 

下边这个例子解释Spring AOP怎样工作。

首先一个简单的不使用AOP的例子。

先创建一个简单的Service,为了稍后演示,这个类中加了几个简单的打印method。

CustomerService.java如下:

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package com.lei.demo.aop.advice;public class CustomerService {    private String name;    private String url;     public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }     public void setUrl(String url) {        this.url = url;    }     public void printName() {        System.out.println("Customer name : " + this.name);    }     public void printURL() {        System.out.println("Customer website : " + this.url);    }     public void printThrowException() {        throw new IllegalArgumentException();    }}
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Xml配置文件Apring-AOP-Advice.xml如下:

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<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">     <bean id="customerService" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.CustomerService">        <property name="name" value="LeiOOLei" />        <property name="url" value="http://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/" />    </bean> </beans>
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 运行以下代码App.java:

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package com.lei.demo.aop.advice;import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;public class App {    public static void main(String[] args) {        ApplicationContext appContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(                new String[] { "Spring-AOP-Advice.xml" });         CustomerService cust = (CustomerService) appContext.getBean("customerService");         System.out.println("*************************");        cust.printName();        System.out.println("*************************");        cust.printURL();        System.out.println("*************************");        try {            cust.printThrowException();        } catch (Exception e) {         }     }}
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运行结果:

*************************

Customer name : LeiOOLei

*************************

Customer website : http://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/

*************************

 

1.      Before Advice

创建一个实现了接口MethodBeforeAdvice的class,method运行前,将运行下边的代码

HijackBeforeMethod.java如下:

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package com.lei.demo.aop.advice;import java.lang.reflect.Method;import org.springframework.aop.MethodBeforeAdvice;public class HijackBeforeMethod implements MethodBeforeAdvice {    public void before(Method arg0, Object[] args, Object target)            throws Throwable {        System.out.println("HijackBeforeMethod : Before method hijacked!");            }}
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 在配置文件中加入新的bean配置HijackBeforeMethod,然后创建一个新的代理(proxy),命名为customerServiceProxy

“target”定义你想劫持哪个bean;

“interceptorNames”定义你想用哪个class(advice)劫持target。

Apring-AOP-Advice.xml如下:

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<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">     <bean id="customerService" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.CustomerService">        <property name="name" value="LeiOOLei" />        <property name="url" value="http://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/" />    </bean>        <bean id="hijackBeforeMethodBean" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.HijackBeforeMethod" />     <bean id="customerServiceProxy" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">        <property name="target" ref="customerService" />        <property name="interceptorNames">            <list>                <value>hijackBeforeMethodBean</value>            </list>        </property>    </bean> </beans>
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注意:

用Spring proxy之前,必须添加CGLIB2类库,,以下是pom.xml依赖

  <dependency>        <groupId>cglib</groupId>        <artifactId>cglib</artifactId>        <version>2.2.2</version>    </dependency>

 

运行如下代码,注意代理

App.java如下

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package com.lei.demo.aop.advice;import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;public class App {    public static void main(String[] args) {        ApplicationContext appContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(                new String[] { "Spring-AOP-Advice.xml" });         CustomerService cust = (CustomerService) appContext.getBean("customerServiceProxy");         System.out.println("使用Spring AOP 如下");        System.out.println("*************************");        cust.printName();        System.out.println("*************************");        cust.printURL();        System.out.println("*************************");                try {            cust.printThrowException();        } catch (Exception e) {         }     }}
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输出结果:

使用Spring AOP 如下

*************************

HijackBeforeMethod : Before method hijacked!

Customer name : LeiOOLei

*************************

HijackBeforeMethod : Before method hijacked!

Customer website : http://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/

*************************

HijackBeforeMethod : Before method hijacked!

 

每一个customerService的method运行前,都将先执行HijackBeforeMethod的before方法。

 

2.      After Returning Advice

创建一个实现了接口AfterReturningAdvice的class,method运行后,直到返回结果后,才运行下边的代码,如果没有返回结果,将不运行切入的代码。

HijackAfterMethod.java如下:

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package com.lei.demo.aop.advice;import java.lang.reflect.Method;import org.springframework.aop.AfterReturningAdvice;public class HijackAfterMethod implements AfterReturningAdvice {    public void afterReturning(Object returnValue, Method method, Object[] args,            Object target) throws Throwable {        System.out.println("HijackAfterMethod : After method hijacked!");    }}
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修改bean配置文件,加入hijackAfterMethodBean配置,Apring-AOP-Advice.xml如下:

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<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">     <bean id="customerService" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.CustomerService">        <property name="name" value="LeiOOLei" />        <property name="url" value="http://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/" />    </bean>        <bean id="hijackBeforeMethodBean" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.HijackBeforeMethod" />    <bean id="hijackAfterMethodBean" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.HijackAfterMethod" />     <bean id="customerServiceProxy" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">        <property name="target" ref="customerService" />        <property name="interceptorNames">            <list>                <value>hijackAfterMethodBean</value>            </list>        </property>    </bean> </beans>
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现在再运行App.java后输出如下:

使用Spring AOP 如下

*************************

Customer name : LeiOOLei

HijackAfterMethod : After method hijacked!

*************************

Customer website : http://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/

HijackAfterMethod : After method hijacked!

*************************

 

可以看到输出结果,每一个customerService的method运行返回结果后,都将再执行HijackAfterMethodafterReturning方法。但是执行到cust.printThrowException()后,直接抛出异常,方法没有正常执行完毕(或者说没有返回结果),所以不运行切入的afterReturning方法。

 

3.      Afetr Throwing Advice

创建一个实现了ThrowsAdvice接口的class,劫持IllegalArgumentException异常,目标method运行时,抛出IllegalArgumentException异常后,运行切入的方法。

HijackThrowException.java如下:

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package com.lei.demo.aop.advice;import org.springframework.aop.ThrowsAdvice;import sun.awt.SunToolkit.IllegalThreadException;public class HijackThrowException implements ThrowsAdvice {    public void afterThrowing(IllegalArgumentException e) throws Throwable {        System.out.println("HijackThrowException : Throw exception hijacked!");    }}
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修改bean配置文件,加入了hijackThrowExceptionBean,Apring-AOP-Advice.xml如下:

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<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">     <bean id="customerService" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.CustomerService">        <property name="name" value="LeiOOLei" />        <property name="url" value="http://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/" />    </bean>        <bean id="hijackBeforeMethodBean" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.HijackBeforeMethod" />    <bean id="hijackAfterMethodBean" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.HijackAfterMethod" />    <bean id="hijackThrowExceptionBean" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.HijackThrowException" />     <bean id="customerServiceProxy" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">        <property name="target" ref="customerService" />        <property name="interceptorNames">            <list>                <value>hijackThrowExceptionBean</value>            </list>        </property>    </bean> </beans>
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运行结果如下:

使用Spring AOP 如下

*************************

Customer name : LeiOOLei

*************************

Customer website : http://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/

*************************

HijackThrowException : Throw exception hijacked!

 

当运行CustomerService中的printThrowException方法时,认为的抛出IllegalArgumentException异常,被HijackThrowException截获,运行其中的afterThrowing方法。注意,如果抛出异常不是IllegalArgumentException,则不能被截获。

 

4.      Around Advice

结合了以上3种形式的Advice,创建一个实现了接口MethodInterceptor的class,你必须通过methodInvocation.proceed()来调用原来的方法,即通过调用methodInvocation.proceed()来调用CustomerService中的每一个方法,当然也可以不调用原方法。

HijackAroundMethod.java如下:

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package com.lei.demo.aop.advice;import java.util.Arrays;import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor;import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation;public class HijackAroundMethod implements MethodInterceptor {    public Object invoke(MethodInvocation methodInvocation) throws Throwable {        System.out.println("Method name : "                + methodInvocation.getMethod().getName());        System.out.println("Method arguments : "                + Arrays.toString(methodInvocation.getArguments()));         // 相当于  MethodBeforeAdvice        System.out.println("HijackAroundMethod : Before method hijacked!");         try {            // 调用原方法,即调用CustomerService中的方法            Object result = methodInvocation.proceed();             // 相当于 AfterReturningAdvice            System.out.println("HijackAroundMethod : After method hijacked!");             return result;         } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {            // 相当于 ThrowsAdvice            System.out.println("HijackAroundMethod : Throw exception hijacked!");            throw e;        }    }}
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修改bean配置文件,加入了hijackAroundMethodBean,Apring-AOP-Advice.xml如下:

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<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">     <bean id="customerService" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.CustomerService">        <property name="name" value="LeiOOLei" />        <property name="url" value="http://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/" />    </bean>        <bean id="hijackBeforeMethodBean" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.HijackBeforeMethod" />    <bean id="hijackAfterMethodBean" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.HijackAfterMethod" />    <bean id="hijackThrowExceptionBean" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.HijackThrowException" />    <bean id="hijackAroundMethodBean" class="com.lei.demo.aop.advice.HijackAroundMethod" />     <bean id="customerServiceProxy" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">        <property name="target" ref="customerService" />        <property name="interceptorNames">            <list>                <value>hijackAroundMethodBean</value>            </list>        </property>    </bean> </beans>
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执行App.java,输出结果:

使用Spring AOP 如下

*************************

Method name : printName

Method arguments : []

HijackAroundMethod : Before method hijacked!

Customer name : LeiOOLei

HijackAroundMethod : After method hijacked!

*************************

Method name : printURL

Method arguments : []

HijackAroundMethod : Before method hijacked!

Customer website : http://www.cnblogs.com/leiOOlei/

HijackAroundMethod : After method hijacked!

*************************

Method name : printThrowException

Method arguments : []

HijackAroundMethod : Before method hijacked!

HijackAroundMethod : Throw exception hijacked!

 

CustomerService中每一个方法的调用,都会执行HijackAroundMethod中的invoke方法,可以看到整个切入点将目标around。

 

大多数的Spring开发者只用Around Advice,因为它能够实现所有类型的Advice。在实际的项目开发中,我们还是要尽量选择适合的Advice。

       在以上的例子中,CustomerService中的所有方法都被自动拦截,但是大多数情况下,我们不需要拦截一个class中的所有方法,而是拦截符合条件的方法。这时,我们就需要用到Pointcut and Advice,即切入点和通知,以后的章节中会逐渐介绍。


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