mongodb常用操作

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转自 http://www.cnblogs.com/libingql/archive/2011/06/09/2076440.html

查看全部数据表

> useChatRoom

switched to dbChatRoom

> showcollections

Account

Chat

system.indexes

system.users

创建数据表

>db.createCollection("Account")

{"ok":1}

>db.createCollection("Test",{capped:true, size:10000}) {"ok" : 1 }

{"ok":1}

-- 说明

capped:true，表示该集合的结构不能被修改；

size:在建表之初就指定一定的空间大小，接下来的插入操作会不断地按顺序APPEND数据在这个预分配好空间的文件中，如果已经超出空间大小，则回到文件头覆盖原来的数据继续插入。这种结构保证了插入和查询的高效性，它不允许删除单个记录，更新的也有限制：不能超过原有记录的大小。这种表效率很高，它适用于一些暂时保存数据的场合，比如网站中登录用户的session信息，又比如一些程序的监控日志，都是属于过了一定的时间就可以被覆盖的数据。

修改数据表名

>db.Account.renameCollection("Account1")

{ "ok": 1 }

数据表帮助主题help

>db.Account.help()

DBCollectionhelp

db.Account.find().help() - showDBCursor help

db.Account.count()

db.Account.dataSize()

db.Account.distinct( key ) - eg.db.Account.distinct( 'x' )

db.Account.drop() drop the collection

db.Account.dropIndex(name)

db.Account.dropIndexes()

db.Account.ensureIndex(keypattern[,options]) - options is an object withthese possible fields: name, unique, dropDups

db.Account.reIndex()

db.Account.find([query],[fields]) -query is an optional query filter. fields is optional set of fields to return.

e.g. db.Account.find( {x:77} , {name:1, x:1} )

db.Account.find(...).count()

db.Account.find(...).limit(n)

db.Account.find(...).skip(n)

db.Account.find(...).sort(...)

db.Account.findOne([query])

db.Account.findAndModify( { update :... , remove : bool [, query: {}, sort: {}, 'new': false] } )

db.Account.getDB() get DB objectassociated with collection

db.Account.getIndexes()

db.Account.group( { key : ..., initial:..., reduce : ...[, cond: ...] } )

db.Account.mapReduce( mapFunction ,reduceFunction , <optional params> )

db.Account.remove(query)

db.Account.renameCollection( newName ,<dropTarget> ) renames the collection.

db.Account.runCommand( name ,<options> ) runs a db command with the given name where the first paramis the collection name

db.Account.save(obj)

db.Account.stats()

db.Account.storageSize() - includesfree space allocated to this collection

db.Account.totalIndexSize() - size inbytes of all the indexes

db.Account.totalSize() - storageallocated for all data and indexes

db.Account.update(query, object[,upsert_bool, multi_bool])

db.Account.validate() - SLOW

db.Account.getShardVersion() - only foruse with sharding

查看全部表记录

>db.Account.find()

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df08553188e444d001a763a"),"AccountID" : 1, "UserName" : "libing","Password" : "1", "Age" : 26, "Email" :"libing@126.com", "RegisterDate" : "2011-06-0916:31:25" }

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df08586188e444d001a763b"),"AccountID" : 2, "UserName" : "lb","Password" : "1", "Age" : 25, "Email" :"libing@163.com", "RegisterDate" : "2011-06-0916:36:95" }

--SELECT * FROMAccount

说明：

默认每页显示20条记录，当显示不下的情况下，可以用it迭代命令查询下一页数据。

可以通过DBQuery.shellBatchSize设置每页显示数据的大小。如：DBQuery.shellBatchSize = 5，这样每页就显示5条记录了。

>db.Test.find()

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d55407444568af61cfea"),"TestID" : 1 }

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d55907444568af61cfeb"),"TestID" : 2 }

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d55b07444568af61cfec"),"TestID" : 3 }

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d55e07444568af61cfed"),"TestID" : 4 }

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d56207444568af61cfee"),"TestID" : 5 }

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d56507444568af61cfef"),"TestID" : 6 }

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d56807444568af61cff0"),"TestID" : 7 }

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d56b07444568af61cff1"),"TestID" : 8 }

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d56e07444568af61cff2"),"TestID" : 9 }

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d57a07444568af61cff3"),"TestID" : 10 }

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d57d07444568af61cff4"),"TestID" : 11 }

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d58007444568af61cff5"),"TestID" : 12 }

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d58307444568af61cff6"),"TestID" : 13 }

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d58e07444568af61cff7"),"TestID" : 14 }

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d59207444568af61cff8"),"TestID" : 15 }

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d59607444568af61cff9"),"TestID" : 16 }

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d59c07444568af61cffa"),"TestID" : 17 }

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d5a307444568af61cffb"),"TestID" : 18 }

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d5a607444568af61cffc"),"TestID" : 19 }

>DBQuery.shellBatchSize

>DBQuery.shellBatchSize = 5

>db.Test.find()

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d55407444568af61cfea"),"TestID" : 1 }

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d55907444568af61cfeb"),"TestID" : 2 }

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d55b07444568af61cfec"),"TestID" : 3 }

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d55e07444568af61cfed"),"TestID" : 4 }

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d56207444568af61cfee"),"TestID" : 5 }

has more

> it

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d56507444568af61cfef"), "TestID": 6 }

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d56807444568af61cff0"),"TestID" : 7 }

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d56b07444568af61cff1"),"TestID" : 8 }

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d56e07444568af61cff2"),"TestID" : 9 }

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d57a07444568af61cff3"),"TestID" : 10 }

has more

> it

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d57d07444568af61cff4"),"TestID" : 11 }

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d58007444568af61cff5"),"TestID" : 12 }

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d58307444568af61cff6"),"TestID" : 13 }

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d58e07444568af61cff7"),"TestID" : 14 }

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d59207444568af61cff8"),"TestID" : 15 }

has more

> it

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d59607444568af61cff9"),"TestID" : 16 }

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d59c07444568af61cffa"),"TestID" : 17 }

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d5a307444568af61cffb"),"TestID" : 18 }

{"_id" : ObjectId("4df6d5a607444568af61cffc"),"TestID" : 19 }

> it

no cursor

查询一条记录

>db.Account.findOne()

{

"_id" :ObjectId("4ded95c3b7780a774a099b7c"),

"UserName" :"libing",

"Password" : "1",

"Email" :"libing@126.cn",

"RegisterDate" :"2011-06-07 11:06:25"

}

--SELECT TOP 1 *FROM Account

查询聚集中字段的不同记录

>db.Account.distinct("UserName")

--SELECTDISTINCT("UserName") FROMAccount

查询聚集中UserName包含“keyword”关键字的记录

db.Account.find({"UserName":/keyword/})

--SELECT * FROM Account WHERE UserName LIKE'%keyword%'

查询聚集中UserName以"keyword" 开头的记录

>db.Account.find({"UserName":/^keyword/})

--SELECT * FROMAccount WHERE UserName LIKE 'keyword%'

查询聚集中UserName以“keyword”结尾的记录

>db.Account.find({"UserName":/keyword$/})

--SELECT * FROMAccount WHERE UserName LIKE '%keyword'

查询聚集中指定列

>db.Account.find({},{"UserName":1,"Email":1}) --1:true

--SELECTUserName,Email FROM Account

查询聚集中排除指定列

>db.Account.find({},{"UserName":0}) --0:false

查询聚集中指定列，且Age > 20

>db.Account.find({"Age":{"$gt":20}},{"UserName":1,"Email":1})

--SELECTUserName,Email FROM Account WHERE Age > 20

聚集中字段排序

>db.Account.find().sort({"UserName":1}) -- 升序

>db.Account.find().sort({"UserName":-1}) --降序

--SELECT * FROMAccount ORDER BY UserName ASC

--SELECT * FROMAccount ORDER BY UserName DESC

统计聚集中记录条数

>db.Account.find().count()

--SELECTCOUNT(*) FROM Account

统计聚集中符合条件的记录条数

>db.Account.find({"Age":{"$gt":20}}).count()

-- SELECTCOUNT(*) FROM Account WHERE Age > 20

统计聚集中字段符合条件的记录条数

>db.Account.find({"UserName":{"$exists":true}}).count()

--SELECTCOUNT(UserName) FROM Account

查询聚集中前5条记录

>db.Account.find().limit(5)

--SELECT TOP 5 *FROM Account

查询聚集中第10条以后的记录

>db.Account.find().skip(10)

--SELECT * FROMAccount WHERE AccountID NOT IN (SELECT TOP 10 AccountID FROM Account)

查询聚集中第10条记录以后的5条记录

>db.Account.find().skip(10).limit(5)

--SELECT TOP 5 *FROM Account WHERE AccountID NOT IN (SELECT TOP 10 AccountID FROM Account)

or查询

>db.Account.find({"$or":[{"UserName":/keyword/},{"Email":/keyword/}]},{"UserName":true,"Email":true})

--SELECTUserName,Email FROM Account WHERE UserName LIKE '%keyword%' OR Email LIKE'%keyword%'

添加新记录

>db.Account.insert({AccountID:2,UserName:"lb",Password:"1",Age:25,Email:"libing@163.com",RegisterDate:"2011-06-0916:36:95"})

修改记录

>db.Account.update({"AccountID":1},{"$set":{"Age":27,"Email":"libingql@163.com"}})

>db.Account.find({"AccountID":1})

{"AccountID" : 1, "Age" : 27, "Email" :"libingql@163.com", "Password" : "1","RegisterDate" : "2011-06-09 16:31:25","UserName" : "libing", "_id" : ObjectId("4df08553188e444d001a763a")}

>db.Account.update({"AccountID":1},{"$inc":{"Age":1}})

>db.Account.find({"AccountID":1})

{"AccountID" : 1, "Age" : 28, "Email" :"libingql@163.com", "Password" : "1","RegisterDate" : "2011-06-09 16:31:25", "UserName": "libing", "_id" :ObjectId("4df08553188e444d001a763a") }

删除记录

>db.Account.remove({"AccountID":1}) --DELETE FROM Account WHEREAccountID = 1

>db.Account.remove({"UserName":"libing"}) --DELETE FROMAccount WHERE UserName = 'libing'

>db.Account.remove({"Age":{$lt:20}}) --DELETE FROM Account WHERE Age< 20

>db.Account.remove({"Age":{$lte:20}}) --DELETE FROM Account WHERE Age<= 20

>db.Account.remove({"Age":{$gt:20}}) --DELETE FROM Account WHERE Age> 20

>db.Account.remove({"Age":{$gte:20}}) --DELETE FROM Account WHERE Age>= 20

>db.Account.remove({"Age":{$ne:20}}) --DELETE FROM Account WHERE Age!= 20

>db.Account.remove() --全部删除

>db.Account.remove({}) --全部删除

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