延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换

动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。

一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait,watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,如：for 2 years，for a long time; since从句,如：since he came here; since+时间点名词,如：since last year, since 5 days ago; howlong等。
请看例句1.He has lived herefor 6 years.

请看例句2.You can keep the book for 5 days.

请看例句3.I stayed there for 2 weeks last year.

请看例句4.How long did you stay there last year?

请看例句5.My brother has joined the army for twoyears．（误）

My brother has been a soldier for two years .（正）

我哥哥自1999年就参军了。

请看例句6.My brother has joined the army since1999．（误）

My brother has been a soldier since1999    (正)
你哥哥参军多久了？

请看例句7.How long has your brother joined thearmy？（误）

How long has your brother been a soldier？（正）

二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词或点动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open, die, close, begin(start), finish, come, go, move,borrow, lend, buy等。
    非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock;
请看例句He died 5 yearsago.

否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。

请看例句1.I haven't left here for 3 years.

请看例句2.I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.

三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：

leave → be away离开;borrow → keep借;buy → have买;begin/start → be on开始/上演;die → bedead;finish／end／stop→ be over结束/完成;join → be in+组织机构或be a member of+组织机构；open/close sth → keep sth open/closed；fall ill → be ill；get up → be up；catch／get a cold → have a cold感冒；come here → be here；go there → be there；become → be成为；come back → be back；fall asleep → be asleep睡着；get to/ arrive/reach → be (in)；leave → be away from；get to know → know；go (get) out → be out；put on → wear；catch a cold →have a cold; go to school→ be in school／be a student上学; go abroad → be abroad去国外; marry → be married（to）结婚; wake up → be awake醒; make friends with → be friends with成为/交朋友; lose → be lost／be missing／be gone丢失; lose one's job／work → be out of work／a job等。

请看例句1.The old man died 4 years ago.

→ The old man has been dead for 4 years.

→ It is 4 years since the old man died.

→ Four years has passed since the old man died.

请看例句2.Hejoined the Party 2 years ago.

→ He has been in the Party for 2 years.

→He has been a Party member for 2 years.

请看例句3. Hejoined the army 5 years ago.

→ He has been in the army for 5 years.

→ He has served in the army for 5 years.

→He has been a soldier for 5 years.

请看例句4.I bought the book 5 days ago.

→ I have had the book for 5 days.
练习：
1.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes.
A. has left   B. had left   C. has been away   D. had been away
2.I ______ the League for 5 years so far.
A. joined   B. have joined   C. have been in
3.The factory ________ since the February of 1988.
A. has been open   B. has opened   C. was open  D. opened
4.Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000.
A. have made   B. have been   C. made  D. have become
5.You mustn't ________ until he comes back.
A. be away   B. leave   C. be left
6.The meeting _______ for a week now.
A. has finished   B. has ended   C. has been over
7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years. 
A. has been in   B. has come to   C. has taught
8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .
A. has been   B. has become   C. was  D. became
9. I ______ home for a week.
A. have returned   B. have been back   C. returned
10. How long _______ he ________ ?
A. died    B. has, died    C. has, been dead
11. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.
A. slept   B. was sleeping   C. has sleep   D. had slept
12.He ________ the car for a week.
A. bought   B. has bought   C. has had
13.-----How long _____ you _____ ill ?  -----Two weeks.
A. did fall   B. have, fell   C. have, been
14.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown.
A. has left   B. has moved away   C. has been away from
15.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days.
A. borrow   B. keep   C. take
16.The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far.
A. has stopped   B. stopped   C. has been
17.Are you _____ the jacket these days?
A. wearing   B. putting on   C. dressing  D. on
18.He ________ foe 2 hours.
A. got up   B.   has got up  C. has been up
19. Tom is ill in hospital. He _______ a cold for several days.
A. is   B. catches   C. has caught   D. has had
20.----- How long can I ______ the book?  ------ Two weeks.
A. borrow   B. lend   C. get  D. keep

21.---How long haveyou ________ the book?  ---Two weeks.

A. bought   B. lent  C. had   D. borrowed

22. ---Do you knowhim well?

---Sure, we________friends for ten years.

A. were   B. have been   C. have become    D. have made

 

Key:
1---5 D C A B B; 6-- -10 C A A B C; 11---15 B C C C B; 16---20 C A C D D;21---22C B