Android网络编程常用的三种方法

来源：互联网发布：做读书笔记的软件编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/06/07 07:20

最近看了看以前的代码，发现很多东西不看不写慢慢忘记了，所以想总结下，首先想到的就是android下的网络编程。慢慢总结，慢慢完善。
首先android常用的有三种网络通信方式，socket编程、HttpClient、HttpURLConnection。网络下编程必须添加权限：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />

socket编程

socket编程，最初接触java用socket写过简单的聊天小软件。socket翻译过来是‘插座’的意思，计算机专业术语则称之为‘套接字’，用于描述IP地址和端口（可以从socket的初始化语句理解），是一个通信链的句柄，可以用来实现不同虚拟机或不同计算机之间的通信。android中暂时没用到过，用到了再更新。

HttpClient

HttpClient是Apache对java中的HttpURLClient接口的封装，主要引用org.apache.http.**。Google在2.3版本之前推荐使用HttpClient，因为这个封装包安全性高，bug较少。

使用方法：

import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStreamReader;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;public class HttpClientUtils {    private static HttpClient httpClient;    private static HttpClientUtils instance = null;    public static synchronized HttpClientUtils getInstance() {        if (instance == null) {            instance = new HttpClientUtils();        }        return instance;    }    private HttpClientUtils() {        // 学习volley请求队列，HttpClient使用单例模式        if (httpClient == null) {            httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();        }    }    /**     * 以get方式发送请求，访问接口     * @param uri链接地址     * @return 响应数据     */    private static String doHttpGet(String uri) {        BufferedReader reader = null;        StringBuffer sb = null;        String result = "";        HttpGet request = new HttpGet(uri);        try {            // 发送请求，得到响应            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(request);            // 请求成功，statuscode返回200            if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {                reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(response.getEntity().getContent()));                sb = new StringBuffer();                String line = "";                while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {                    sb.append(line);                }            }        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        } catch (IOException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        } finally {            try {                if (null != reader) {                    reader.close();                    reader = null;                }            } catch (IOException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }        }        if (null != sb) {            result = sb.toString();        }        return result;    }    /**     * 以post方式发送请求，访问接口     * @param uri链接地址     * @return 响应数据     */    private static String doHttpPost(String uri) {        BufferedReader reader = null;        StringBuffer sb = null;        String result = "";        HttpPost request = new HttpPost(uri);        // 保存要传递的参数        List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();        // 添加参数        params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("parameter", "以Post方式发送请求"));        try {            // 设置字符集            HttpEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, "utf-8");            // 请求对象            request.setEntity(entity);            // 发送请求            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(request);            // 请求成功            if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {                System.out.println("post success");                reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(response.getEntity().getContent()));                sb = new StringBuffer();                String line = "";                while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {                    sb.append(line);                }            }        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        } catch (IOException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        } finally {            try {                // 关闭流                if (null != reader) {                    reader.close();                    reader = null;                }            } catch (IOException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }        }        if (null != sb) {            result = sb.toString();        }        return result;    }}

HttpURLConnection

HttpURLConnection在java.net下，继承自URLConnection类，相对于HttpClient具有扩展性高、灵活性高，更轻量级的优点，所以Google在2.3版本之后推荐大家使用HttpURLConnection来操作网络请求。

使用方法：

import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStreamReader;import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;import java.io.OutputStream;import java.net.HttpURLConnection;import java.net.URL;import java.net.URLEncoder;public class HttpURLConnectUtils {    private static HttpURLConnectUtils instance = null;    public static synchronized HttpURLConnectUtils getInstance() {        if (instance == null) {            instance = new HttpURLConnectUtils();        }        return instance;    }    private HttpURLConnectUtils() {    }    // post    public String dohttppost(String mUrl) throws IOException {        URL url = new URL(mUrl);        HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();//初始化创建HttpURLConnection实例        httpURLConnection.setConnectTimeout(5000);//推荐设置网络延时        httpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true);        httpURLConnection.setDoInput(true);        httpURLConnection.setUseCaches(false);        httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-type", "application/x-java-serialized-object");        httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");        //设置参数        OutputStream outputStream = httpURLConnection.getOutputStream();        ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(outputStream);        String params = new String();//这里简单设置参数        params = "name=" + URLEncoder.encode("高冉", "GBK");        objectOutputStream.writeBytes(params);        objectOutputStream.flush();        objectOutputStream.close();        //接收返回值        //String msg = httpURLConnection.getResponseMessage();// 接收简单string        InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(httpURLConnection.getInputStream());        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();        for (String s = bufferedReader.readLine(); s != null; s = bufferedReader.readLine()) {            builder.append(s);        }        return builder.toString();    }    // get    public String dohttpget(String mUrl) throws IOException {        URL url = new URL(mUrl);        HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();        httpURLConnection.setConnectTimeout(5000);//推荐设置网络延时        httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("GET");        httpURLConnection.connect();        // String msg = httpURLConnection.getResponseMessage();        InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(httpURLConnection.getInputStream());        BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();        for (String s = bufferedReader.readLine(); s != null; s = bufferedReader.readLine()) {            builder.append(s);        }        return builder.toString();    }}

还需要注意一些细节：

1、post与get区别在于post将参数置于请求数据中，get则跟在url链接后面。
2、大文件下载操作要置于sd卡中，不要放在手机内存中操作，而且需要边读边写，不要使用Buffered做缓存。

到此android网络操作常用方法暂时总结完毕。

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