谈谈TCP和UDP的一些简单应用

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导读:
  网络编程中最重要的就是SOCKET,它其实也就是监听端口的原理。和我们用手机发短信的原理应该是大致无二(我是这样理解的),而JAVA最出色的一点也就是“无痛苦连网”。
  网络最基本的精神就是让两台机器连接起来,“被呼叫的一方”也就是服务器,而“找人的一方”则叫做客户机,所以说在连接中服务器、客户机也就是一个相对的概念了。而我们对机器的标识主要是通过IP地址和端口来区分的。
  “传输控制协议”TCP和“用户数据报协议”是两种不同的协议,JAVA对这两种协议的支持基本是一致的,而它们本身最大的区别也就是发送的可靠性和速率,前者相比后者是可靠协议,后者当然是速度快得多了,下面我们分别用两个SOCKET下演示:
  eg1:
  //Clients.java
  import java.io.*;
  import java.net.*;
  public class Clients
  {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
  {
  InetAddress addr = InetAddress.getByName(null);
  Socket socket = new Socket(addr,2000);
  PrintWriter out =
  new PrintWriter(
  new BufferedWriter(
  new OutputStreamWriter(
  socket.getOutputStream())),true);
  byte[] b = new byte[2048];
  String msg = new String(b,0,System.in.read(b));
  out.println(msg);
  socket.close();
  }
  }
  //Servers.java
  import java.io.*;
  import java.net.*;
  public class Servers
  {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
  {
  ServerSocket s = new ServerSocket(2000);
  try{
  while(true){
  Socket socket = s.accept();
  try{
  BufferedReader in =
  new BufferedReader(
  new InputStreamReader(
  socket.getInputStream()));
  StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
  int c;
  while( (c = in.read()) != -1 ){
  char ch = (char)c;
  sb.append(ch);
  }
  System.out.println(sb.toString());
  }catch(IOException e){
  socket.close();
  }finally{
  socket.close();
  }
  }//while
  }finally{
  s.close();
  }//try
  }//main
  }
  此程式主要用Servers来进行无限监听,而Clients是客户机发送程式,他们的端口全采用2000。
  eg2:
  //UDPsend.java
  import java.io.*;
  import java.net.*;
  /**
  * This class sends the specified text or file as a datagram to the
  * specified port of the specified host.
  **/
  public class UDPSend {
  public static final String usage =
  "Usage: java UDPSend .../n" +
  " or: java UDPSend -f ";
  public static void main(String args[]) {
  try {
  // Check the number of arguments
  if (args.length <3)
  throw new IllegalArgumentException("Wrong number of args");
  
  // Parse the arguments
  String host = args[0];
  int port = Integer.parseInt(args[1]);
  
  // Figure out the message to send.
  // If the third argument is -f, then send the contents of the file
  // specified as the fourth argument. Otherwise, concatenate the
  // third and all remaining arguments and send that.
  byte[] message;
  if (args[2].equals("-f")) {
  File f = new File(args[3]);
  int len = (int)f.length(); // figure out how big the file is
  message = new byte[len]; // create a buffer big enough
  FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(f);
  int bytes_read = 0, n;
  do { // loop until we've read it all
  n = in.read(message, bytes_read, len-bytes_read);
  bytes_read += n;
  } while((bytes_read   }
  else { // Otherwise, just combine all the remaining arguments.
  String msg = args[2];
  for (int i = 3; i   message = msg.getBytes();
  }
  
  // Get the internet address of the specified host
  InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName(host);
  
  // Initialize a datagram packet with data and address
  DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(message, message.length,
  address, port);
  
  // Create a datagram socket, send the packet through it, close it.
  DatagramSocket dsocket = new DatagramSocket();
  dsocket.send(packet);
  dsocket.close();
  }
  catch (Exception e) {
  System.err.println(e);
  System.err.println(usage);
  }
  }
  }
  //UDPreceive.java
  import java.io.*;
  import java.net.*;
  /**
  * This program waits to receive datagrams sent the specified port.
  * When it receives one, it displays the sending host and prints the
  * contents of the datagram as a string. Then it loops and waits again.
  **/
  public class UDPReceive {
  public static final String usage = "Usage: java UDPReceive   public static void main(String args[]) {
  try {
  if (args.length != 1)
  throw new IllegalArgumentException("Wrong number of args");
  
  // Get the port from the command line
  int port = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
  
  // Create a socket to listen on the port.
  DatagramSocket dsocket = new DatagramSocket(port);
  
  // Create a buffer to read datagrams into. If anyone sends us a
  // packet containing more than will fit into this buffer, the
  // excess will simply be discarded!
  byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];
  
  // Create a packet to receive data into the buffer
  DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, buffer.length);
  // Now loop forever, waiting to receive packets and printing them.
  for(;;) {
  // Wait to receive a datagram
  dsocket.receive(packet);
  // Convert the contents to a string, and display them
  String msg = new String(buffer, 0, packet.getLength());
  System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostName() +
  ": " + msg);
  // Reset the length of the packet before reusing it.
  // Prior to Java 1.1, we'd just create a new packet each time.
  packet.setLength(buffer.length);
  }
  }
  catch (Exception e) {
  System.err.println(e);
  System.err.println(usage);
  }
  }
  }
  在UDP中主要的类是DatagramSocket()和DatagramPacket(),而在UDPreceive中,被接受的字节是受限制,这些感觉不是太好,既然buf是一个字节数组,我们实在是很奇怪为什么构建器自己不能调查出数组的长度呢?唯一能猜测的原因就是C风格的编程使然,那里的数组不能自己告诉我们它有多大。
  而我们实际使用的过程中,当然不仅仅限于这些,其中要考虑有多台客户机来连接服务器,所以要考虑到线程Thread的使用,如果再加上SWING,就可以做一个类似于QQ的SOCKET功能了,这仅仅限于我在学习SOCKET时的一些领悟。供大家参考。
  -
  主页: http://www.fls-cts.com/kkjvk/
  网络编程中最重要的就是SOCKET,它其实也就是监听端口的原理。和我们用手机发短信的原理应该是大致无二(我是这样理解的),而JAVA最出色的一点也就是“无痛苦连网”。网络最基本的精神就是让两台机器连接起来,“被呼叫的一方”也就是服务器,而“找人的一方”则叫做客户机,所以说在连接中服务器、客户机也就是一个相对的概念了。而我们对机器的标识主要是通过IP地址和端口来区分的。“传输控制协议”TCP和“用户数据报协议”是两种不同的协议,JAVA对这两种协议的支持基本是一致的,而它们本身最大的区别也就是发送的可靠性和速率,前者相比后者是可靠协议,后者当然是速度快得多了,下面我们分别用两个SOCKET下演示: eg1://Clients.java import java.io.*; import java.net.*; public class Clients{ public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { InetAddress addr = InetAddress.getByName(null); Socket socket = new Socket(addr,2000); PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter( new BufferedWriter( new OutputStreamWriter( socket.getOutputStream())),true); byte[] b = new byte[2048]; String msg = new String(b,0,System.in.read(b)); out.println(msg); socket.close(); }}//Servers.java import java.io.*; import java.net.*; public class Servers{ public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ServerSocket s = new ServerSocket(2000); try{ while(true){ Socket socket = s.accept(); try{ BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader( socket.getInputStream())); StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); int c; while( (c = in.read()) != -1 ){ char ch = (char)c; sb.append(ch); } System.out.println(sb.toString()); }catch(IOException e){ socket.close(); }finally{ socket.close(); } }//while }finally{ s.close(); }//try }//main}此程式主要用Servers来进行无限监听,而Clients是客户机发送程式,他们的端口全采用2000。 eg2://UDPsend.java import java.io.*; import java.net.*;/** * This class sends the specified text or file as a datagram to the * specified port of the specified host. **/ public class UDPSend { public static final String usage = "Usage: java UDPSend .../n" + " or: java UDPSend -f "; public static void main(String args[]) { try { // Check the number of arguments if (args.length <3) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Wrong number of args"); // Parse the arguments String host = args[0]; int port = Integer.parseInt(args[1]); // Figure out the message to send. // If the third argument is -f, then send the contents of the file // specified as the fourth argument. Otherwise, concatenate the // third and all remaining arguments and send that. byte[] message; if (args[2].equals("-f")) { File f = new File(args[3]); int len = (int)f.length(); // figure out how big the file is message = new byte[len]; // create a buffer big enough FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(f); int bytes_read = 0, n; do { // loop until we've read it all n = in.read(message, bytes_read, len-bytes_read); bytes_read += n; } while((bytes_read 本文转自
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