linux grep基本用法

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1.查找文件中是否存在指定的信息:

grep <查找信息> <文件名>

-bash-4.1$ grep exception error-2015-12-29.log17:49:13.869 [http-/192.168.0.80:8080-12] ERROR c.e.p.f.w.i.SystemHanlderExceptionResolver[37] - system has exception-bash-4.1$ vi error-2015-12-29.log -bash-4.1$

2.在多个文件中查找:

grep <查找信息> <文件名> <文件名> ....

-bash-4.1$ grep ERROR error-2015-12-29.log error-2015-12-22.log error-2015-12-29.log:17:49:13.869 [http-/192.168.0.80:8080-12] ERROR c.e.p.f.w.i.SystemHanlderExceptionResolver[37] - system has exceptionerror-2015-12-22.log:10:05:31.824 [http-/192.168.0.80:8080-10] ERROR c.e.p.f.fastdfs.FastDFSClientImpl[97] - recv package size -1 != 10error-2015-12-22.log:15:54:26.458 [http-/192.168.0.80:8080-6] ERROR c.e.p.f.fastdfs.FastDFSClientImpl[97] - recv package size -1 != 10-bash-4.1$

3.使用 -l 查找包含指定信息的文件名

grep -l <查找信息> <文件名> <文件名> ....

-bash-4.1$ grep -l ERROR error-2015-12-29.log error-2015-12-22.log error-2015-12-29.logerror-2015-12-22.log

4.使用 -n 查找包含指定信息的文件名和行号

grep -l <查找信息> <文件名> <文件名> ....

-bash-4.1$ grep -n ERROR error-2015-12-29.log error-2015-12-22.log error-2015-12-29.log:1:17:49:13.869 [http-/192.168.0.80:8080-12] ERROR c.e.p.f.w.i.SystemHanlderExceptionResolver[37] - system has exceptionerror-2015-12-22.log:1:10:05:31.824 [http-/192.168.0.80:8080-10] ERROR c.e.p.f.fastdfs.FastDFSClientImpl[97] - recv package size -1 != 10error-2015-12-22.log:2:15:54:26.458 [http-/192.168.0.80:8080-6] ERROR c.e.p.f.fastdfs.FastDFSClientImpl[97] - recv package size -1 != 10

5.使用 -v 查找不包含包含指定信息的文件名和行号

grep -V <查找信息> <文件名> <文件名> ....

-bash-4.1$ grep -v  ERROR error-2015-12-29.log error-2015-12-22.log error-2015-12-29.log:com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.RpcException: Failed to invoke the method getLinkEffectivenessByEmail in the service com.exiao.platform.core.supplier.service.LinkEffectivenessService. Tried 1 times of the providers [192.168.0.91:20880] (1/1) from the registry zk1.exiao.me:2181 on the consumer 192.168.0.80 using the dubbo version 2.5.3. Last error is: Invoke remote method timeout. method: getLinkEffectivenessByEmail, provider: dubbo://192.168.0.91:20880/com.exiao.platform.core.supplier.service.LinkEffectivenessService?anyhost=true&application=api-supplier-dubbo&check=false&default.check=false&default.retries=0&default.timeout=5000&dubbo=2.5.3&interface=com.exiao.platform.core.supplier.service.LinkEffectivenessService&methods=update,delete,getLinkEffectivenessByEmail,getLinkEffectivenessByEmailCode,create,findList,getByPK&pid=24014&revision=0.0.1-SNAPSHOT&side=consumer×tamp=1450841202565, cause: Waiting server-side response timeout by scan timer. start time: 2015-12-29 17:49:08.844, end time: 2015-12-29 17:49:13.866, client elapsed: 0 ms, server elapsed: 5022 ms, timeout: 5000 ms, request: Request [id=2948, version=2.0.0, twoway=true, event=false, broken=false, data=RpcInvocation [methodName=getLinkEffectivenessByEmail, parameterTypes=[class com.exiao.platform.core.supplier.model.LinkEffectivenessVO], arguments=[LinkEffectivenessVO [url=null, email=yixiaoqatest6@sina.com, effectiveTime=null,used=0,code=null,function=validate]], attachments={path=com.exiao.platform.core.supplier.service.LinkEffectivenessService, interface=com.exiao.platform.core.supplier.service.LinkEffectivenessService, timeout=5000, version=0.0.0}]], channel: /192.168.0.80:48178 -> /192.168.0.91:20880error-2015-12-29.log:at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.cluster.support.FailoverClusterInvoker.doInvoke(FailoverClusterInvoker.java:101) ~[dubbo-2.5.3.jar:2.5.3]error-2015-12-29.log:at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.cluster.support.AbstractClusterInvoker.invoke(AbstractClusterInvoker.java:227) ~[dubbo-2.5.3.jar:2.5.3]error-2015-12-29.log:at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.cluster.support.wrapper.MockClusterInvoker.invoke(MockClusterInvoker.java:72) ~[dubbo-2.5.3.jar:2.5.3]error-2015-12-29.log:at com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.proxy.InvokerInvocationHandler.invoke(InvokerInvocationHandler.java:52) ~[dubbo-2.5.3.jar:2.5.3]error-2015-12-29.log:at com.alibaba.dubbo.common.bytecode.proxy4.getLinkEffectivenessByEmail(proxy4.java) ~[na:2.5.3]error-2015-12-29.log:at com.exiao.platform.api.supplier.controller.LinkEffectivenessController.reSending(LinkEffectivenessController.java:42) ~[classes:na]error-2015-12-29.log:at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor1051.invoke(Unknown Source) ~[na:na]error-2015-12-29.log:at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:1.7.0_79]error-2015-12-29.log:at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) ~[na:1.7.0_79]

6 使用 -R 在目标路径下递归查找指定信息:

grep -V <查找信息> <目标路径>

-bash-4.1$ grep -r  ERROR ./ ./default-2015-12-29.log:17:49:13.869 [http-/192.168.0.80:8080-12] ERROR c.e.p.f.w.i.SystemHanlderExceptionResolver[37] - system has exception./error-2015-12-22.log:10:05:31.824 [http-/192.168.0.80:8080-10] ERROR c.e.p.f.fastdfs.FastDFSClientImpl[97] - recv package size -1 != 10./error-2015-12-22.log:15:54:26.458 [http-/192.168.0.80:8080-6] ERROR c.e.p.f.fastdfs.FastDFSClientImpl[97] - recv package size -1 != 10./error-2015-12-24.log:09:57:24.202 [http-/192.168.0.80:8080-2] ERROR c.e.p.f.fastdfs.FastDFSClientImpl[97] - recv package size -1 != 10./error-2015-12-23.log:10:08:06.604 [http-/192.168.0.80:8080-11] ERROR c.e.p.f.fastdfs.FastDFSClientImpl[97] - recv package size -1 != 10./error-2015-12-29.log:17:49:13.869 [http-/192.168.0.80:8080-12] ERROR c.e.p.f.w.i.SystemHanlderExceptionResolver[37] - system has exception<span style="font-size:18px;"><strong></strong></span>

7 使用 -i 查找信息时忽略大小写:

grep -i <查找信息> <文件名> <文件名> ....

-bash-4.1$ grep -i  error  error-2015-12-29.log error-2015-12-22.log error-2015-12-29.log:17:49:13.869 [http-/192.168.0.80:8080-12] ERROR c.e.p.f.w.i.SystemHanlderExceptionResolver[37] - system has exception<span style="font-size:18px;"><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;"></span></strong></span>

8.使用 -e 同时查找多个信息:

grep -e <查找信息> -e <查找信息> ... <文件名> <文件名> ....

-bash-4.1$ grep -e  "ERROR" -e "Exception"  error-2015-12-29.log error-2015-12-22.log error-2015-12-29.log:17:49:13.869 [http-/192.168.0.80:8080-12] ERROR c.e.p.f.w.i.SystemHanlderExceptionResolver[37] - system has exceptionerror-2015-12-29.log:com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.RpcException: Failed to invoke the method getLinkEffectivenessByEmail in the service com.exiao.platform.core.supplier.service.LinkEffectivenessService. Tried 1 times of the providers [192.168.0.91:20880] (1/1) from the registry zk1.exiao.me:2181 on the consumer 192.168.0.80 using the dubbo version 2.5.3. Last error is: Invoke remote method timeout. method: getLinkEffectivenessByEmail, provider: dubbo://192.168.0.91:20880/com.exiao.platform.core.supplier.service.LinkEffectivenessService?anyhost=true&application=api-supplier-dubbo&check=false&default.check=false&default.retries=0&default.timeout=5000&dubbo=2.5.3&interface=com.exiao.platform.core.supplier.service.LinkEffectivenessService&methods=update,delete,getLinkEffectivenessByEmail,getLinkEffectivenessByEmailCode,create,findList,getByPK&pid=24014&revision=0.0.1-SNAPSHOT&side=consumer×tamp=1450841202565, cause: Waiting server-side response timeout by scan timer. start time: 2015-12-29 17:49:08.844, end time: 2015-12-29 17:49:13.866, client elapsed: 0 ms, server elapsed: 5022 ms, timeout: 5000 ms, request: Request [id=2948, version=2.0.0, twoway=true, event=false, broken=false, data=RpcInvocation [methodName=getLinkEffectivenessByEmail, parameterTypes=[class com.exiao.platform.core.supplier.model.LinkEffectivenessVO], arguments=[LinkEffectivenessVO [url=null, email=yixiaoqatest6@sina.com, effectiveTime=null,used=0,code=null,function=validate]], attachments={path=com.exiao.platform.core.supplier.service.LinkEffectivenessService, interface=com.exiao.platform.core.supplier.service.LinkEffectivenessService, timeout=5000, version=0.0.0}]], channel: /192.168.0.80:48178 -> /192.168.0.91:20880error-2015-12-29.log:Caused by: com.alibaba.dubbo.remoting.TimeoutException: Waiting server-side response timeout by scan timer. start time: 2015-12-29 17:49:08.844, end time: 2015-12-29 17:49:13.866, client elapsed: 0 ms, server elapsed: 5022 ms, timeout: 5000 ms, request: Request [id=2948, version=2.0.0, twoway=true, event=false, broken=false, data=RpcInvocation [methodName=getLinkEffectivenessByEmail, parameterTypes=[class com.exiao.platform.core.supplier.model.LinkEffectivenessVO], arguments=[LinkEffectivenessVO [url=null, email=yixiaoqatest6@sina.com, effectiveTime=null,used=0,code=null,function=validate]], attachments={path=com.exiao.platform.core.supplier.service.LinkEffectivenessService, interface=com.exiao.platform.core.supplier.service.LinkEffectivenessService, timeout=5000, version=0.0.0}]], channel: /192.168.0.80:48178 -> /192.168.0.91:20880error-2015-12-22.log:10:05:31.824 [http-/192.168.0.80:8080-10] ERROR c.e.p.f.fastdfs.FastDFSClientImpl[97] - recv package size -1 != 10error-2015-12-22.log:15:54:26.458 [http-/192.168.0.80:8080-6] ERROR c.e.p.f.fastdfs.FastDFSClientImpl[97] - recv package size -1 != 10<span style="font-size:18px;"><strong></strong></span>

9 使用 -c 参数计算查找到的结果数量:

grep -c <查找信息> <文件名> <文件名> ....

-bash-4.1$ grep -c ERROR  error-2015-12-29.log error-2015-12-22.log error-2015-12-29.log:1error-2015-12-22.log:2

其他一些用法:

使用管道将结果使用grep 过滤,输入包含指定信息的行

命令 | grep <匹配信息>

bash-4.1$ cat error-2015-12-22.log  | grep ERROR10:05:31.824 [http-/192.168.0.80:8080-10] ERROR c.e.p.f.fastdfs.FastDFSClientImpl[97] - recv package size -1 != 1015:54:26.458 [http-/192.168.0.80:8080-6] ERROR c.e.p.f.fastdfs.FastDFSClientImpl[97] - recv package size -1 != 10<span style="font-size:18px;"><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;"></span></strong></span>

还有其他一些参数如 -f , ^$,-A,-B,-C等可自行查询用法.

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