LNMP架构搭建（Linux+Nginx+MySQL+PHP）

来源：互联网发布：mac电源适配器编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/05/16 06:30

源码编译安装方式

这次实验的环境是CentOS 5.9 x86_64，最小化安装的系统。

1.安装依赖库

#yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers

2.下载软件包：

nginx-0.8.46.tar.gz，php-5.2.14.tar.gz，php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz，

libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz，libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz，mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz，memcache-2.2.5.tgz，

mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz，pcre-8.10.tar.gz，eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2，

PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz，ImageMagick.tar.gz，imagick-2.3.0.tgz

3.编译安装php所需库（FastCGI模式）

#tar -zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz

#cd cd libiconv-1.13.1/

#./configure --prefix=/usr/local

#make && make install

#tar -zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
#cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
#./configure

#make && make install

#/sbin/ldconfig

#cd libltdl/

#./configure --enable-ltdl-install

#make && make install

#tar -zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz

#cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
#./configure
#make && make install

#ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
#ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
#ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
#ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
#ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
#ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
#ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
#ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
#ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
#ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config

这里后面的文件是要创建的~~所有不存在，用ln命令创建到新文件的链接~~

#tar -zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
#cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
#/sbin/ldconfig
#./configure
#make && make install

4.编译安装MySQL

下载安装包，安装依赖库：

#yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ zlib-devel libtool ncurses-devel libxml2-devel

创建mysql用户及用户组：

#groupadd mysql

#useradd -g mysql mysql

安装mysql：

源码包都放在了/usr/local/src

#tar -zxvf mysql-5.1.47.tar.gz

#cd mysql-5.1.47/

#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --with-charset=utf8 --with-extra-charsets=all --enable-thread-safe-client --enable-assembler --with-readline --with-big-tables --with-plugins=all --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static --with-client-ldflags=-all-static

#make && make install

对mysql进行权限配置，将mysql的数据文件存放路径设为/data/mysql，并配置成mysql为服务启动状态，步骤如下：

#cd /usr/local/mysql

#cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf （这里是配置文件）

#cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

#chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

#chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql

#mkdir -p /data/mysql （创建数据文件存放路径）

修改/etc/my.cnf中的[mysqld]下的项，[mysqld]下添加一项：

datadir=/data/mysql

运行命令，在/data/mysql下生成MySQL的初始化文件和初始库等等，命令如下所示：

#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql

再启动服务：

#service mysqld start

设置开机启动：

#chkconfig mysqld on （level3,5默认启动）

#chkconfig --list on (查看启动状况)

5.安装php（FastCGI模式）

#tar -zxvf php-5.2.14.tar.gz
#gzip -cd php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.14 -p1
#cd php-5.2.14/
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap
#make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
#make install
#cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

6.编译安装php扩展模块：

#tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
#cd memcache-2.2.5/
#/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
#./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
#make && make install

#tar -jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
#cd eaccelerator-0.9.6.1/
#/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
#./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
#make && make install

#tar -zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
#cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
#/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
#./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
#make && make install

#tar -zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
#cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
#./configure
#make && make install

#tar -zxvf imagick-2.3.0.tgz
#cd imagick-2.3.0/
#/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
#./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
#make && make install

　修改php.ini文件
　　手工修改：查找/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
　　修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
　　并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：
　　extension = "memcache.so"
　　extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
　　extension = "imagick.so"

　　再查找output_buffering = Off
　　修改为output_buffering = On

　　再查找; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0，去掉前面的分号；
　　修改为cgi.fix_pathinfo=0，防止Nginx文件类型错误解析漏洞。

　配置eAccelerator加速PHP：

#mkdir -p /usr/local/eaccelerator_cache
#vim /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：

[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="64"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"

创建www用户和组，以及其日志目录：

#groupadd www
#useradd -g www www

#mkdir -p /var/www/html
#mkdir -p /data/logs

#chown -R www:www /var/www/html

#chown -R www:www /data/logs

创建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi），在/usr/local/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件：

#rm -f /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
#vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

输入以下内容（如果您安装 Nginx + PHP 用于程序调试，请将以下的<value name="display_errors">0</value>改为<value name="display_errors">1</value>，以便显示PHP错误信息，否则，Nginx 会报状态为500的空白错误页）：

链接：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4438ac090101owf1.html

7.安装Nginx:

#tar -zxvf pcre-8.10.tar.gz
#cd pcre-8.10/
#./configure
#make && make install

#tar -zxvf nginx-0.8.46.tar.gz
#cd nginx-0.8.46/
#./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
#make && make install

创建Nginx配置文件：

链接：.http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4438ac090101owf6.html

在/usr/local/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件：

#vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf

fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE    nginx;

fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;

fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME    /var/www/html$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        /var/www/html$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT        $server_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME        $server_name;

# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param  REDIRECT_STATUS    200;

启动Nginx：

#ulimit -SHn 65535
#/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

配置Nginx+PHP开机启动：

vim /etc/rc.local

末尾加入：

ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

优化内核参数：

# Add
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768
net.core.somaxconn = 32768

net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800

#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535

使配置生效：

#/sbin/sysctl -p

对于Nginx 0.8.x版本，现在平滑重启Nginx配置非常简单，执行以下命令即可：

#/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

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