caffe学习笔记8-- Python solving with LeNet
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这是caffe官方文档Notebook Examples中的第二个例子,链接地址:http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/BVLC/caffe/blob/master/examples/01-learning-lenet.ipynb
这个例子使用LeNet对手写数字分类。LeNet的结构可以参考:http://blog.csdn.net/thystar/article/details/50470325
1. 改变工作目录:
import oscaffe_root = '/home/sindyz/caffe-master/'os.chdir(caffe_root)
2. 导入相应的包
import syssys.path.insert(0, './python')import caffefrom pylab import *%matplotlib inline
3. 获取数据
如果已经下载过,这步可以不要
# Download and prepare data!data/mnist/get_mnist.sh!examples/mnist/create_mnist.sh
4. 写LeNet网络结构,分别命名为lenet_auto_train.prototxt和lenet_auto_test.prototxt
from caffe import layers as Lfrom caffe import params as Pdef lenet(lmdb, batch_size): # our version of LeNet: a series of linear and simple nonlinear transformations n = caffe.NetSpec() n.data, n.label = L.Data(batch_size=batch_size, backend=P.Data.LMDB, source=lmdb, transform_param=dict(scale=1./255), ntop=2) n.conv1 = L.Convolution(n.data, kernel_size=5, num_output=20, weight_filler=dict(type='xavier')) n.pool1 = L.Pooling(n.conv1, kernel_size=2, stride=2, pool=P.Pooling.MAX) n.conv2 = L.Convolution(n.pool1, kernel_size=5, num_output=50, weight_filler=dict(type='xavier')) n.pool2 = L.Pooling(n.conv2, kernel_size=2, stride=2, pool=P.Pooling.MAX) n.ip1 = L.InnerProduct(n.pool2, num_output=500, weight_filler=dict(type='xavier')) n.relu1 = L.ReLU(n.ip1, in_place=True) n.ip2 = L.InnerProduct(n.relu1, num_output=10, weight_filler=dict(type='xavier')) n.loss = L.SoftmaxWithLoss(n.ip2, n.label) return n.to_proto()with open('examples/mnist/lenet_auto_train.prototxt', 'w') as f: f.write(str(lenet('examples/mnist/mnist_train_lmdb', 64)))with open('examples/mnist/lenet_auto_test.prototxt', 'w') as f: f.write(str(lenet('examples/mnist/mnist_test_lmdb', 100)))
5. 查看网络结构
!cat examples/mnist/lenet_auto_train.prototxt
输出:
layer { name: "data" type: "Data" top: "data" top: "label" transform_param { scale: 0.00392156862745 } data_param { source: "examples/mnist/mnist_train_lmdb" batch_size: 64 backend: LMDB }}layer { name: "conv1" type: "Convolution" bottom: "data" top: "conv1" convolution_param { num_output: 20 kernel_size: 5 weight_filler { type: "xavier" } }}layer { name: "pool1" type: "Pooling" bottom: "conv1" top: "pool1" pooling_param { pool: MAX kernel_size: 2 stride: 2 }}layer { name: "conv2" type: "Convolution" bottom: "pool1" top: "conv2" convolution_param { num_output: 50 kernel_size: 5 weight_filler { type: "xavier" } }}layer { name: "pool2" type: "Pooling" bottom: "conv2" top: "pool2" pooling_param { pool: MAX kernel_size: 2 stride: 2 }}layer { name: "ip1" type: "InnerProduct" bottom: "pool2" top: "ip1" inner_product_param { num_output: 500 weight_filler { type: "xavier" } }}layer { name: "relu1" type: "ReLU" bottom: "ip1" top: "ip1"}layer { name: "ip2" type: "InnerProduct" bottom: "ip1" top: "ip2" inner_product_param { num_output: 10 weight_filler { type: "xavier" } }}layer { name: "loss" type: "SoftmaxWithLoss" bottom: "ip2" bottom: "label" top: "loss"}
6. 查看参数文件,同样是prototxt文件,用带动量的SGD(随机梯度下降),权重衰减,以及特定的学习率:
!cat examples/mnist/lenet_auto_solver.prototxt输出:
# The train/test net protocol buffer definitiontrain_net: "examples/mnist/lenet_auto_train.prototxt"test_net: "examples/mnist/lenet_auto_test.prototxt"# test_iter specifies how many forward passes the test should carry out.# In the case of MNIST, we have test batch size 100 and 100 test iterations,# covering the full 10,000 testing images.test_iter: 100# Carry out testing every 500 training iterations.test_interval: 500# The base learning rate, momentum and the weight decay of the network.base_lr: 0.01momentum: 0.9weight_decay: 0.0005# The learning rate policylr_policy: "inv"gamma: 0.0001power: 0.75# Display every 100 iterationsdisplay: 100# The maximum number of iterationsmax_iter: 10000# snapshot intermediate resultssnapshot: 5000snapshot_prefix: "examples/mnist/lenet"
7. 使用GPU,载入solver,这里用SGD,Adagrad和Nesterov加速梯度也是可行的:
这里需要说明一下,caffe的优化函数是非凸的,没有解析解,需要通过优化方法来求解,
caffe封装了三种优化方法:
- Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), 随机梯度下降
- AdaptiveGradient (ADAGRAD), 自适应梯度下降
- Nesterov’s Accelerated Gradient (NAG)。Nesterov加速梯度下降法
caffe.set_device(0)caffe.set_mode_gpu()solver = caffe.SGDSolver(caffe_root+'/examples/mnist/lenet_auto_solver.prototxt')
8. 查看中间特征(blobs)和参数(params)的维数:
[(k,v.data.shape) for k,v in solver.net.blobs.items()]输出
[('data', (64, 1, 28, 28)), ('label', (64,)), ('conv1', (64, 20, 24, 24)), ('pool1', (64, 20, 12, 12)), ('conv2', (64, 50, 8, 8)), ('pool2', (64, 50, 4, 4)), ('ip1', (64, 500)), ('ip2', (64, 10)), ('loss', ())]
[(k,v[0].data.shape) for k,v in solver.net.params.items()]输出:
[('conv1', (20, 1, 5, 5)), ('conv2', (50, 20, 5, 5)), ('ip1', (500, 800)), ('ip2', (10, 500))]
9. 在测试集和训练集上执行一个前向的过程
solver.net.forward()solver.test_nets[0].forward()输出:
{'loss': array(2.2941734790802, dtype=float32)}
10. 显示训练集8个数据的图像和他们的标签,
imshow(solver.net.blobs['data'].data[:8, 0].transpose(1, 0, 2).reshape(28, 8*28), cmap='gray')print solver.net.blobs['label'].data[:8]
[ 5. 0. 4. 1. 9. 2. 1. 3.]
11. 显示测试集中的8个图像和他们的标签
imshow(solver.test_nets[0].blobs['data'].data[:8, 0].transpose(1, 0, 2).reshape(28, 8*28), cmap='gray')print solver.test_nets[0].blobs['label'].data[:8]
[ 7. 2. 1. 0. 4. 1. 4. 9.]
11. 执行无误,则执行一步SGB, 查看权值的变化:
第一层权值的变化如下图:20个5x5规模的滤波器
solver.step(1) imshow(solver.net.params['conv1'][0].diff[:, 0].reshape(4, 5, 5, 5) ...: .transpose(0, 2, 1, 3).reshape(4*5, 5*5), cmap='gray')
运行网络,这个过程和通过caffe的binary训练是一样的,
12. 控制循环
因为可以控制python中的循环,因此可以做一些其他的事情,例如自定义停止的标准,通过循环更新网络来改变求解过程:
%%timeniter = 200test_interval = 25 # losses will also be stored in the logtrain_loss = zeros(niter)test_acc = zeros(int(np.ceil(niter / test_interval)))output = zeros((niter, 8, 10)) # the main solver loopfor it in range(niter): solver.step(1) # SGD by Caffe # store the train loss train_loss[it] = solver.net.blobs['loss'].data # store the output on the first test batch # (start the forward pass at conv1 to avoid loading new data) solver.test_nets[0].forward(start='conv1') output[it] = solver.test_nets[0].blobs['ip2'].data[:8] # run a full test every so often # (Caffe can also do this for us and write to a log, but we show here # how to do it directly in Python, where more complicated things are easier.) if it % test_interval == 0: print 'Iteration', it, 'testing...' correct = 0 for test_it in range(100): solver.test_nets[0].forward() correct += sum(solver.test_nets[0].blobs['ip2'].data.argmax(1) == solver.test_nets[0].blobs['label'].data) test_acc[it // test_interval] = correct / 1e4
Iteration 0 testing...
Iteration 25 testing...
Iteration 50 testing...
Iteration 75 testing...
Iteration 100 testing...
Iteration 125 testing...
Iteration 150 testing...
Iteration 175 testing...
CPU times: user 19 s, sys: 6.2 s, total: 25.2 s
Wall time: 24.4 s
13. 画出训练样本损失和测试样本正确率
_, ax1 = subplots()ax2 = ax1.twinx()ax1.plot(arange(niter), train_loss)ax2.plot(test_interval * arange(len(test_acc)), test_acc, 'r')ax1.set_xlabel('iteration')ax1.set_ylabel('train loss')ax2.set_ylabel('test accuracy')
14. 画出分类结果:
for i in range(8): figure(figsize=(2, 2)) imshow(solver.test_nets[0].blobs['data'].data[i, 0], cmap='gray') figure(figsize=(10, 2)) imshow(output[:50, i].T, interpolation='nearest', cmap='gray') xlabel('iteration') ylabel('label')
图像省略,在网站上有的
15. 使用softmax分类
for i in range(8): figure(figsize=(2, 2)) imshow(solver.test_nets[0].blobs['data'].data[i, 0], cmap='gray') figure(figsize=(10, 2)) imshow(exp(output[:50, i].T) / exp(output[:50, i].T).sum(0), interpolation='nearest', cmap='gray') xlabel('iteration') ylabel('label')
参考网站:
http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/BVLC/caffe/blob/master/examples/01-learning-lenet.ipynb
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