iOS事件分发机制(一) hit-Testing

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http://suenblog.duapp.com/blog/100031/iOS%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E5%88%86%E5%8F%91%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%80%EF%BC%89%20hit-Testing

iOS事件分发机制(一) hit-Testing

iOS中的事件大概分为三种,分别是 Milti-Touch Events, Motion Events 和Remote Control Events(events for controlling multimedia)。

本文将主要针对TouchEvents的分发,做一个详细的介绍。先抛出一个问题,文章的后续部分会对问题进行解答:iOS7原生的自带NavigationController可以实现从最左侧拖动PopViewController(大约13pt),不管当前可见的ViewController有没有其他的滑动手势或者事件,这是为什么?如何实现。

我们已经处理过太多触摸事件了,比如按钮的点击事件,一些View的手势等等。那到底我们点一下屏幕,当前的View是如何知道他被点击了呢,这个就要通过HitTest来确定了

每当我们点击了一下iOS设备的屏幕,UIKit就会生成一个事件对象UIEvent,然后会把这个Event分发给当前active的app(官方原文说:Then it places the event object in the active app’s event queue.)

告知当前活动的app有事件之后,UIApplication 单例就会从事件队列中去取最新的事件,然后分发给能够处理该事件的对象。UIApplication 获取到Event之后,Application就纠结于到底要把这个事件传递给谁,这时候就要依靠HitTest来决定了。

iOS中,hit-Testing的作用就是找出这个触摸点下面的View是什么,HitTest会检测这个点击的点是不是发生在这个View上,如果是的话,就会去遍历这个View的subviews,直到找到最小的能够处理事件的view,如果整了一圈没找到能够处理的view,则返回自身。来一个简单的图说明一下

HitTest示意图

假设我们现在点击到了图中的E,hit-testing将进行如下步骤的检测(不包含重写hit-test并且返回非默认View的情况)

1、触摸点在ViewA内,所以检查ViewA的Subview B、C

2、触摸点不在ViewB内,触摸点在ViewC内部,所以检查ViewC的Subview D、E

3、触摸点不在ViewD内,触摸点发生在ViewE内部,并且ViewE没有subview,所以ViewE属于ViewA中包含这个点的最小单位,所以ViewE变成了该次触摸事件的hit-TestView

PS.

1、默认的hit-testing顺序是按照UIView中Subviews的逆顺序

2、如果View的同级别Subview中有重叠的部分,则优先检查顶部的Subview,如果顶部的Subview返回nil, 再检查底部的Subview

3、Hit-Test也是比较聪明的,检测过程中有这么一点,就是说如果点击没有发生在某View中,那么该事件就不可能发生在View的Subview中,所以检测过程中发现该事件不在ViewB内,也直接就不会检测在不在ViewF内。也就是说,如果你的Subview设置了clipsToBounds=NO,实际显示区域可能超出了superView的frame,你点击超出的部分,是不会处理你的事件的,就是这么任性!

Hit-Test的检查机制如上所示,当确定了Hit-TestView时,如果当前的application没有忽略触摸事件 (UIApplication:isIgnoringInteractionEvents),则application就会去分发事件(sendEvent:->keywindow:sendEvent:)

UIView中提供两个方法用来确定hit-testing View,如下所示 - (UIView *)hitTest:(CGPoint)point withEvent:(UIEvent *)event; // recursively calls -pointInside:withEvent:. point is in the receiver's coordinate system

- (BOOL)pointInside:(CGPoint)point withEvent:(UIEvent *)event; // default returns YES if point is in bounds

当一个View收到hitTest消息时,会调用自己的pointInside:withEvent:方法,如果pointInside返回YES,则表明触摸事件发生在我自己内部,则会遍历自己的所有Subview去寻找最小单位(没有任何子view)的UIView,如果当前View.userInteractionEnabled = NO,enabled=NO(UIControl),或者alpha<=0.01, hidden等情况的时候,hitTest就不会调用自己的pointInside了,直接返回nil,然后系统就回去遍历兄弟节点。简而言之,可以写成这样

[st_hitTest:withEvent:]
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- (UIView *)hitTest:(CGPoint)point withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {    if (self.alpha <= 0.01 || !self.userInteractionEnabled || self.hidden) {        return nil;    }    BOOL inside = [self pointInside:point withEvent:event];    UIView *hitView = nil;    if (inside) {        NSEnumerator *enumerator = [self.subviews reverseObjectEnumerator];        for (UIView *subview in enumerator) {            hitView = [subview hitTest:point withEvent:event];            if (hitView) {                break;            }        }        if (!hitView) {            hitView = self;        }        return hitView;    } else {        return nil;    }}

hit-Test 是事件分发的第一步,就算你的app忽略了事件,也会发生hit-Test。确定了hit-TestView之后,才会开始进行下一步的事件分发。

我们可以利用hit-Test做一些事情,比如我们点击了ViewA,我们想让ViewB响应,这个时候,我们只需要重写View's hitTest方法,返回ViewB就可以了,虽然可能用不到,但是偶尔还是会用到的。大概代码如下:

[STPView]
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@interface STPView : UIView@end@implementation STPView- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame {    self = [super initWithFrame:frame];    if (self) {        UIButton *button = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];        button.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, CGRectGetWidth(frame), CGRectGetHeight(frame) / 2);        button.tag = 10001;        button.backgroundColor = [UIColor grayColor];        [button setTitle:@"Button1" forState:UIControlStateNormal];        [self addSubview:button];        [button addTarget:self action:@selector(_buttonActionFired:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchDown];                UIButton *button2 = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];        button2.frame = CGRectMake(0, CGRectGetHeight(frame) / 2, CGRectGetWidth(frame), CGRectGetHeight(frame) / 2);        button2.tag = 10002;        button2.backgroundColor = [UIColor darkGrayColor];        [button2 setTitle:@"Button2" forState:UIControlStateNormal];        [self addSubview:button2];        [button2 addTarget:self action:@selector(_buttonActionFired:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchDown];    }    return self;}- (void)_buttonActionFired:(UIButton *)button {    NSLog(@"=====Button Titled %@ ActionFired ", [button titleForState:UIControlStateNormal]);}- (UIView *)hitTest:(CGPoint)point withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {    UIView *hitView = [super hitTest:point withEvent:event];    if (hitView == [self viewWithTag:10001]) {        return [self viewWithTag:10002];    }    return hitView;}@end

大家可以试一试,上述代码在点击上面的按钮的时候,实际会触发下面按钮的事件,不是经常用到,但是也算是涨姿势了,这里给大家提供一个Category,来自STKit,这个category的目的就是方便的编写hitTest方法,由于hitTest方法是override,而不是delegate,所以使用默认的实现方式就比较麻烦。Category如下

[UIView+HitTest.h]
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/** * @abstract hitTestBlock * * @param 其余参数 参考UIView hitTest:withEvent: * @param returnSuper 是否返回Super的值。如果*returnSuper=YES,则代表会返回 super hitTest:withEvent:, 否则则按照block的返回值(即使是nil) *  * @discussion 切记,千万不要在这个block中调用self hitTest:withPoint,否则则会造成递归调用。这个方法就是hitTest:withEvent的一个代替。 */typedef UIView * (^STHitTestViewBlock)(CGPoint point, UIEvent *event, BOOL *returnSuper);typedef BOOL (^STPointInsideBlock)(CGPoint point, UIEvent *event, BOOL *returnSuper);@interface UIView (STHitTest)/// althought this is strong ,but i deal it with copy@property(nonatomic, strong) STHitTestViewBlock hitTestBlock;@property(nonatomic, strong) STPointInsideBlock pointInsideBlock;@end
[UIView+HitTest.m]
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@implementation UIView (STHitTest)const static NSString *STHitTestViewBlockKey = @"STHitTestViewBlockKey";const static NSString *STPointInsideBlockKey = @"STPointInsideBlockKey";+ (void)load {    method_exchangeImplementations(class_getInstanceMethod(self, @selector(hitTest:withEvent:)),                                   class_getInstanceMethod(self, @selector(st_hitTest:withEvent:)));    method_exchangeImplementations(class_getInstanceMethod(self, @selector(pointInside:withEvent:)),                                   class_getInstanceMethod(self, @selector(st_pointInside:withEvent:)));}- (UIView *)st_hitTest:(CGPoint)point withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {    NSMutableString *spaces = [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:20];    UIView *superView = self.superview;    while (superView) {        [spaces appendString:@"----"];        superView = superView.superview;    }    NSLog(@"%@%@:[hitTest:withEvent:]", spaces, NSStringFromClass(self.class));    UIView *deliveredView = nil;    // 如果有hitTestBlock的实现,则调用block    if (self.hitTestBlock) {        BOOL returnSuper = NO;        deliveredView = self.hitTestBlock(point, event, &returnSuper);        if (returnSuper) {            deliveredView = [self st_hitTest:point withEvent:event];        }    } else {        deliveredView = [self st_hitTest:point withEvent:event];    }//    NSLog(@"%@%@:[hitTest:withEvent:] Result:%@", spaces, NSStringFromClass(self.class), NSStringFromClass(deliveredView.class));    return deliveredView;}- (BOOL)st_pointInside:(CGPoint)point withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {    NSMutableString *spaces = [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:20];    UIView *superView = self.superview;    while (superView) {        [spaces appendString:@"----"];        superView = superView.superview;    }    NSLog(@"%@%@:[pointInside:withEvent:]", spaces, NSStringFromClass(self.class));    BOOL pointInside = NO;    if (self.pointInsideBlock) {        BOOL returnSuper = NO;        pointInside =  self.pointInsideBlock(point, event, &returnSuper);        if (returnSuper) {            pointInside = [self st_pointInside:point withEvent:event];        }    } else {        pointInside = [self st_pointInside:point withEvent:event];    }    return pointInside;}- (void)setHitTestBlock:(STHitTestViewBlock)hitTestBlock {    objc_setAssociatedObject(self, (__bridge const void *)(STHitTestViewBlockKey), hitTestBlock, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_COPY);}- (STHitTestViewBlock)hitTestBlock {    return objc_getAssociatedObject(self, (__bridge const void *)(STHitTestViewBlockKey));}- (void)setPointInsideBlock:(STPointInsideBlock)pointInsideBlock {    objc_setAssociatedObject(self, (__bridge const void *)(STPointInsideBlockKey), pointInsideBlock, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_COPY);}- (STPointInsideBlock)pointInsideBlock {    return objc_getAssociatedObject(self, (__bridge const void *)(STPointInsideBlockKey));}@end

代码很简单,就是利用iOS的runtime能力,在hitTest执行之前,插入了一个方法。如果有看不懂的,可以参考我以前的博客 iOS面向切面编程

现在回到我们开始提出的题目,其实题目很简单,就是简单的可以把题目转换为

如果我们触摸点的坐标 point.x < 13, 我们就让hit-Test 返回NavigationController.view, 把所有的事件入口交给他,否则就返回super,该怎么处理怎么处理

这样就能满足我们的条件,即使当前的VC上面有ScrollView,但是由于点击特定区域的时候,ScrollView根本得不到事件,所以系统会专心处理NavigationController的拖拽手势,而不是ScrollView的事件,当没有点击特定区域的时候,NavigationController的手势不会触发,系统会专心处理ScrollView的事件,互不影响,大家可以尝试实现,代码量不多。

虽然iOS8新增了UIScreenEdgePanGestureRecognizer 手势,但是单纯的用这个手势无法解决当前VC上面有ScrollView的问题,有关手势方面的事件分发,之后的文章会对此进行说明,这里就不多说了。

当我们确定了HitTestView之后,我们的事件分发就正式开始了,如果hitTestView可以直接处理的,就处理,不能处理的,则交给 The Responder Chain/ GestureRecognizer。后续文章会对分发进行进一步说明。

附上一些测试查找hitTestView过程中打印的日志,可以观察一下:

None
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STPWindow:[hitTest:withEvent:]----UIView:[hitTest:withEvent:]--------STPView:[hitTest:withEvent:]--------UICollectionView:[hitTest:withEvent:]------------UIImageView:[hitTest:withEvent:]------------UIImageView:[hitTest:withEvent:]------------STDefaultRefreshControl:[hitTest:withEvent:]------------STPFeedCell:[hitTest:withEvent:]------------STPFeedCell:[hitTest:withEvent:]----------------UIView:[hitTest:withEvent:]--------------------UIImageView:[hitTest:withEvent:]------------------------UIImageView:[hitTest:withEvent:]------------------------UIView:[hitTest:withEvent:]------------------------STImageView:[hitTest:withEvent:]

其中----表示View的层次结构


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