arm平台函数传递参数,反汇编实例分析

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测试前,需要了解下sysv的传参方式:
1、输入参数通过r0-r3传递,多余的放入堆栈中;返回值放入r0,不够的话放入{r0,r1}或者{r0,r1,r2,r3},比如:
int foo(int a, int b, int c, int d), 输入:r0 = a, r1 = b, r2 = c, r3 = d,返回:r0 = 类型为int的retvalue
int *foo(char a, double b, int c, char d), 输入:r0 = a, r1用于对齐(double 要求8字节对齐), b = {r2, r3},c放在堆栈的sp[0]位置,d放在堆栈的sp[4]位置,这里的sp是指进入函数时的sp;返回:r0 = 类型为int *的retvalue
2、注意如果返回值是结构体,情况有些特殊:
struct client foo(int a, char b, float c), 输入:r0 = 一个strcut client *变量,由调用者给出, r1 = a, r2 = b, r3 = c;返回:strcut client *变量,和调用者给的一样


为了测试arm平台函数参数如何对齐,多余参数如何传递,以及如何返回一个结构体类型的变量,编写如下代码:

#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>typedef struct _Foo{    int a;    char b;    double c;    float d;}Foo;Foo test(int a, char b, double c, float d){    Foo *f = (Foo *)malloc(sizeof(Foo));    f->a = a;    f->b = b;    f->c = c;    f->d = d;    return *f;}int main(void){    Foo retvalue;     retvalue = test(1,2,3,4);    return retvalue.a;}
malloc会有内存溢出,这样写是为了反汇编更简单些,编译时不开优化,使用-marm参数指定使用arm指令集,然后反汇编得到:

00000000 <test>:   0:   e92d4810    push    {r4, fp, lr}   4:   e28db008    add fp, sp, #8  //fp = sp + 8   8:   e24dd01c    sub sp, sp, #28 //sp = sp -28   c:   e50b0018    str r0, [fp, #-24]  ; 0xffffffe8 //fp[-24] = r0 = Foo * temp  10:   e50b101c    str r1, [fp, #-28]  ; 0xffffffe4 //fp[-28] = r1 = int a  14:   e1a03002    mov r3, r2                       //fp[-29] = r2 = char b, r3 not used  18:   e54b301d    strb    r3, [fp, #-29]  ; 0xffffffe3  1c:   e3a00018    mov r0, #24  20:   ebfffffe    bl  0 <malloc>          //malloc(24)  24:   e1a03000    mov r3, r0              //r3 = f  28:   e50b3010    str r3, [fp, #-16]      //fp[-16] = f  2c:   e51b3010    ldr r3, [fp, #-16]      //r3 = f  30:   e51b201c    ldr r2, [fp, #-28]  ; 0xffffffe4 //r2 = fp[-28] = int a  34:   e5832000    str r2, [r3]                     //f->a = r2 = a  38:   e51b3010    ldr r3, [fp, #-16]  3c:   e55b201d    ldrb    r2, [fp, #-29]  ; 0xffffffe3 //r2 = fp[-29] = char b  40:   e5c32004    strb    r2, [r3, #4]                 //f->b = r2 = b  44:   e51b2010    ldr r2, [fp, #-16]                   //r2 = f  48:   e99b0018    ldmib   fp, {r3, r4}                //double c = {r3, r4}  4c:   e5823008    str r3, [r2, #8]                    //f[8] = r3  50:   e582400c    str r4, [r2, #12]                   //f[12] = r4, f->c = c  54:   e51b3010    ldr r3, [fp, #-16]                  //r3 = f  58:   e59b200c    ldr r2, [fp, #12]                   //r2 = float d  5c:   e5832010    str r2, [r3, #16]                   //f->d = float d  60:   e51b2018    ldr r2, [fp, #-24]  ; 0xffffffe8    //r2 = r0 = Foo *temp  64:   e51b3010    ldr r3, [fp, #-16]                  //r3 = f  68:   e1a0c002    mov ip, r2                          //ip = r0 = Foo *temp  6c:   e1a0e003    mov lr, r3                          //lr = f  70:   e8be000f    ldm lr!, {r0, r1, r2, r3}           //拷贝f指向的前16个字节到Foo *temp指向的  74:   e8ac000f    stmia   ip!, {r0, r1, r2, r3}  78:   e89e0003    ldm lr, {r0, r1}                    //拷贝后面8个字节,加起来=24=sizeof(Foo)  7c:   e88c0003    stm ip, {r0, r1}  80:   e51b0018    ldr r0, [fp, #-24]  ; 0xffffffe8    //返回r0 = Foo *temp  84:   e24bd008    sub sp, fp, #8  88:   e8bd8810    pop {r4, fp, pc}0000008c <main>:  8c:   e92d4810        push    {r4, fp, lr}  90:   e28db008        add     fp, sp, #8                  //fp = sp + 8  94:   e24dd02c        sub     sp, sp, #44     ; 0x2c      //sp = sp - 44  98:   e24b0024        sub     r0, fp, #36     ; 0x24      //r0 = fp - 36 = &retvalue = Foo *temp  9c:   e59f3028        ldr     r3, [pc, #40]   ; cc <main+0x40>  a0:   e58d3008        str     r3, [sp, #8]                //float d, 放入堆栈  a4:   e3a03000        mov     r3, #0  a8:   e59f4020        ldr     r4, [pc, #32]   ; d0 <main+0x44>  ac:   e88d0018        stm     sp, {r3, r4}                //double c, 放入堆栈  b0:   e3a02002        mov     r2, #2                      //b = 2  b4:   e3a01001        mov     r1, #1                      //a = 1  b8:   ebfffffe        bl      0 <test>  bc:   e51b3024        ldr     r3, [fp, #-36]  ; 0xffffffdc //r3 = retvalue.a  c0:   e1a00003        mov     r0, r3                      //r0 = r3 = retvalue.a,main返回值  c4:   e24bd008        sub     sp, fp, #8  c8:   e8bd8810        pop     {r4, fp, pc}  cc:   40800000        .word   0x40800000  d0:   40080000        .word   0x40080000

重点分析test函数,它的参数为:

r0: struct Foo *temp,通过main函数传递过来的,用于存放struct Foo结构体r1: int ar2: char b, 即使是char,也独立占一个寄存器,不与其他参数共用寄存器r3: for alignment,下一个参数是double,要求对齐为8c: sp[0-7],多余的参数放在堆栈上,这里是double cd: sp[8-11],float d
test函数的堆栈结构为:


下面,逐行分析test的汇编代码,来验证上述内容。

1、进入test函数时,sp指向double c的低四字节,然后push {r4, fp, lr}之后,sp指向保存r4的位置:

   0:   e92d4810    push    {r4, fp, lr}

2、fp=sp+8, sp=sp-28:

   4:   e28db008    add fp, sp, #8  //fp = sp + 8   8:   e24dd01c    sub sp, sp, #28 //sp = sp -28

3、把struct Foo *temp,也就是r0,存到fp-24的位置上:

   c:   e50b0018    str r0, [fp, #-24]  ; 0xffffffe8 //fp[-24] = r0 = Foo *temp

4、把int a,也就是r1,存到fp-28的位置上:

  10:   e50b101c    str r1, [fp, #-28]  ; 0xffffffe4 //fp[-28] = r1 = int a

5、把char b,也就是r2,存到fp-29的位置上,注意只放了一个字节,还剩下三个字节没有使用;注意r3没有有效值,只是为了对齐的,所以可以直接覆盖:

  14:   e1a03002    mov r3, r2                       //fp[-29] = r2 = char b, r3 not used  18:   e54b301d    strb    r3, [fp, #-29]  ; 0xffffffe3

6、至此,输入参数已全部保存在堆栈上(double c, float d, 一开始就在堆栈高地址上)

7、调用malloc(24)函数,因为sizeof(Foo)=24,返回值r0赋值给r3,保存在fp-16位置,也就是变量Foo *f:

  1c:   e3a00018    mov r0, #24  20:   ebfffffe    bl  0 <malloc>          //malloc(24)  24:   e1a03000    mov r3, r0              //r3 = f  28:   e50b3010    str r3, [fp, #-16]      //fp[-16] = f  2c:   e51b3010    ldr r3, [fp, #-16]      //r3 = f

8、从fp-28取出int a,保存到f+0位置上,也就是f->a=a:

  30:   e51b201c    ldr r2, [fp, #-28]  ; 0xffffffe4 //r2 = fp[-28] = int a  34:   e5832000    str r2, [r3]                     //f->a = r2 = a

9、从fp-29取出char b,保存到f+4位置上,也就是f->b=b:

  38:   e51b3010    ldr r3, [fp, #-16]  3c:   e55b201d    ldrb    r2, [fp, #-29]  ; 0xffffffe3 //r2 = fp[-29] = char b  40:   e5c32004    strb    r2, [r3, #4]                 //f->b = r2 = b

10、ldmib fp, {r3, r4},地址先增加4,然后取值保存到r3,地址再增加4,取值保存到r4,地址值不回写,也就是取出double c,放入r3,r4,然后保存到f+8地址和f+12地址上,也就是f->c=c:

  44:   e51b2010    ldr r2, [fp, #-16]                   //r2 = f  48:   e99b0018    ldmib   fp, {r3, r4}                //double c = {r3, r4}  4c:   e5823008    str r3, [r2, #8]                    //f[8] = r3  50:   e582400c    str r4, [r2, #12]                   //f[12] = r4, f->c = c

11、取fp+12位置的float d,保存到f+16地址,也就是f->d=d:

  54:   e51b3010    ldr r3, [fp, #-16]                  //r3 = f  58:   e59b200c    ldr r2, [fp, #12]                   //r2 = float d  5c:   e5832010    str r2, [r3, #16]                   //f->d = float d

12、ip = Foo * temp = [fp - 24] = r0@entry,lr = f = [fp - 16],从f指向的地址取16字节,保存到ip指向的地址,然后再取8字节,保存到ip指向的地址,也就是按值拷贝f指向的结构体到Foo *temp = r0指向的结构体:

  60:   e51b2018    ldr r2, [fp, #-24]  ; 0xffffffe8    //r2 = r0 = Foo *temp  64:   e51b3010    ldr r3, [fp, #-16]                  //r3 = f  68:   e1a0c002    mov ip, r2                          //ip = r0 = Foo *temp  6c:   e1a0e003    mov lr, r3                          //lr = f  70:   e8be000f    ldm lr!, {r0, r1, r2, r3}           //拷贝f指向的前16个字节到r0 = Foo *temp指向的  74:   e8ac000f    stmia   ip!, {r0, r1, r2, r3}  78:   e89e0003    ldm lr, {r0, r1}                    //拷贝后面8个字节,加起来=24=sizeof(Foo)  7c:   e88c0003    stm ip, {r0, r1}

13、设置返回值r0,为Foo *temp,返回:

  80:   e51b0018    ldr r0, [fp, #-24]  ; 0xffffffe8    //返回r0 = Foo *temp  84:   e24bd008    sub sp, fp, #8  88:   e8bd8810    pop {r4, fp, pc}


然后分析main函数

main的堆栈为:


这里的SP=SP-44也就是test函数堆栈的SP@entry

main的汇编代码为:

1、进入函数后,push{r4, fp, lr},sp指向存放r4的位置:

  8c:   e92d4810        push    {r4, fp, lr}
2、fp=sp+8, sp=sp-44:

  90:   e28db008        add     fp, sp, #8                  //fp = sp + 8  94:   e24dd02c        sub     sp, sp, #44     ; 0x2c      //sp = sp - 44
3、为临时变量Foo retvalue申请内存,&retvalue为r0 = fp-36,也就是传递给test函数的那个Foo *temp:

  98:   e24b0024        sub     r0, fp, #36     ; 0x24      //r0 = fp - 36 = &retvalue = Foo *temp
4、取fload d的输入值,放入sp+8位置:

  9c:   e59f3028        ldr     r3, [pc, #40]   ; cc <main+0x40>  a0:   e58d3008        str     r3, [sp, #8]                //float d, 放入堆栈

5、取double c的输入值,放入sp+0位置:

  a4:   e3a03000        mov     r3, #0  a8:   e59f4020        ldr     r4, [pc, #32]   ; d0 <main+0x44>  ac:   e88d0018        stm     sp, {r3, r4}                //double c, 放入堆栈
6、设置r1 = int a = 1, r2 = char b = 2,注意到r0 = Foo * temp = &retvalue,r3用于对齐,double c 和float d已放入堆栈sp0-sp12的位置上,调用test函数:

  b0:   e3a02002        mov     r2, #2                      //b = 2  b4:   e3a01001        mov     r1, #1                      //a = 1  b8:   ebfffffe        bl      0 <test>
7、取retvalue.a的值到r3,然后赋值给r0,为函数main的返回值:

  bc:   e51b3024        ldr     r3, [fp, #-36]  ; 0xffffffdc //r3 = retvalue.a  c0:   e1a00003        mov     r0, r3                      //r0 = r3 = retvalue.a,main返回值

8、main函数返回:

  c4:   e24bd008        sub     sp, fp, #8  c8:   e8bd8810        pop     {r4, fp, pc}  cc:   40800000        .word   0x40800000  d0:   40080000        .word   0x40080000









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