android 蓝牙4.0开发

写博客，整理下自己学的零散的知识。说得好不如做得好，开始！

android使用蓝牙4.0的条件：Android API Level 要在18及以上，即android 4.3以上。

一、蓝牙的几个参数：

 1.1 BluetoothGatt

 继承BluetoothProfile，通过BluetoothGatt可以连接设备（connect）,发现服务（discoverServices），并把相应地属性返回到BluetoothGattCallback 

 1.2 BluetoothGattCharacteristic

 相当于一个数据类型，它包括一个value和0~n个value的描述（BluetoothGattDescriptor）

 1.3 BluetoothGattDescriptor

 描述符，对Characteristic的描述，包括范围、计量单位等

 1.4 BluetoothGattService

 服务，Characteristic的集合。

 1.5 BluetoothProfile

  一个通用的规范，按照这个规范来收发数据。

 1.6 BluetoothManager

  通过BluetoothManager来获取BluetoothAdapter

BluetoothManager bluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);

1.7 BluetoothAdapter 

一个Android系统只有一个BluetoothAdapter ，通过BluetoothManager 获取 

BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter();

1.8 BluetoothGattCallback

 已经连接上设备，对设备的某些操作后返回的结果。这里必须提醒下，已经连接上设备后的才可以返回，没有返回的认真看看有没有连接上设备。

private BluetoothGattCallback GattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() {

    // 这里有9个要实现的方法，看情况要实现那些，用到那些就实现那些

    public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status, int newState){};

    public void onCharacteristicWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status){};

};

BluetoothDevice device = mBluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(address);

BluetoothGatt gatt = device.connectGatt(this, false, mGattCallback);

1.8.1:notification对应onCharacteristicChanged； 

gatt.setCharacteristicNotification(characteristic, true);

1.8.2:readCharacteristic对应onCharacteristicRead； 

gatt.readCharacteristic(characteristic);

1.8.3: writeCharacteristic对应onCharacteristicWrite； 

gatt.wirteCharacteristic(mCurrentcharacteristic);

1.8.4:连接蓝牙或者断开蓝牙 对应 onConnectionStateChange； 

1.8.5: readDescriptor对应onDescriptorRead； 

1.8.6:writeDescriptor对应onDescriptorWrite；  

gatt.writeDescriptor(descriptor);

1.8.7:readRemoteRssi对应onReadRemoteRssi；  

gatt.readRemoteRssi()

1.8.8:executeReliableWrite对应onReliableWriteCompleted； 

1.8.9:discoverServices对应onServicesDiscovered。 

gatt.discoverServices()

1.9 BluetoothDevice 

扫描后发现可连接的设备，获取已经连接的设备

二、蓝牙权限与是否支持蓝牙4.0

1.使用蓝牙要打开相关权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le" android:required="true"/>

其中，如果android.hardware.bluetooth_le设置为false,可以安装在不支持的设备上使用。

2.判断是否支持蓝牙4.0

方法1：

<span style="font-family:SimSun;font-size:12px;">if (!mContext.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE)) {Toast.makeText(mContext, R.string.ble_not_supported,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();return;}</span>

方法2：

<span style="font-family:SimSun;">BluetoothManager bluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager)getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);BluetoothManager BmBluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter();if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {Toast.makeText(mContext, R.string.ble_not_supported,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();}</span>

三.蓝牙打开与关闭

1.强制打开，不提示用户

<span style="font-family:SimSun;">//true为强制打开成功，false为失败public static boolean turnOnBluetooth(){BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();if (bluetoothAdapter != null){return bluetoothAdapter.enable();}return false;}</span>

2.调用系统弹出框提示用户打开

<span style="font-family:SimSun;"><pre name="code" class="java">public class MainActivity extends Activity{//自定义的打开 Bluetooth 的请求码，与 onActivityResult 中返回的 requestCode 匹配。private static final int REQUEST_CODE_BLUETOOTH_ON = 999;//Bluetooth 设备可见时间，单位：秒。private static final int BLUETOOTH_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION = 300;@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);this.setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);if ((BluetoothManager.isBluetoothSupported())&& (!BluetoothManager.isBluetoothEnabled())){this.turnOnBluetooth();}}//弹出系统弹框提示用户打开 Bluetoothprivate void turnOnBluetooth(){// 请求打开 BluetoothIntent requestBluetoothOn = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);// 设置 Bluetooth 设备可以被其它 Bluetooth 设备扫描到requestBluetoothOn.setAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);// 设置 Bluetooth 设备可见时间requestBluetoothOn.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION,BLUETOOTH_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION);// 请求开启 Bluetooththis.startActivityForResult(requestBluetoothOn,REQUEST_CODE_BLUETOOTH_ON);}@Overrideprotected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data){// requestCode 与请求开启 Bluetooth 传入的 requestCode 相对应if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE_BLUETOOTH_ON){switch (resultCode){// 点击确认按钮case Activity.RESULT_OK://  用户选择开启 Bluetooth，Bluetooth 会被开启break;// 点击取消按钮或点击返回键case Activity.RESULT_CANCELED:       // TODO 用户拒绝打开 Bluetooth, Bluetooth 不会被开启break;default:break;}}}}</span>

3.跳转到系统设置中让用户手动打开

<span style="font-family:SimSun;">this.startActivity(new Intent(Settings.ACTION_BLUETOOTH_SETTINGS));</span>

4.强制关闭蓝牙

<span style="font-family:SimSun;">   //强制关闭 Bluetooth　成功　false：强制关闭 Bluetooth 失败public static boolean turnOffBluetooth(){BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();if (bluetoothAdapter != null){return bluetoothAdapter.disable();}return false;}</span>

5.跳转到系统设置中让用户手动关闭

<span style="font-family:SimSun;">this.startActivity(new Intent(Settings.ACTION_BLUETOOTH_SETTINGS));</span>

四、扫描设备并连接设备

1.通过startLeScan查找LE设备，并实现LeScanCallback作为参数

注意点：

a、一旦找到所查找的设备，立即停止扫描；

b、要么搜索经典蓝牙，要么搜索BLE，两者不能同时搜索

<span style="font-family:SimSun;"> private static final long SCAN_PERIOD = 10000; private void scanLeDevice(final boolean enable) {        if (enable) {            // Stops scanning after a pre-defined scan period.            mHandler.postDelayed(new Runnable() {                @Override                public void run() {                    mScanning = false;                    mBluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(mLeScanCallback);                    invalidateOptionsMenu();                }            }, SCAN_PERIOD);            mScanning = true;            mBluetoothAdapter.startLeScan(mLeScanCallback);        } else {            mScanning = false;            mBluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(mLeScanCallback);        }    }</span>

2.设备扫描的回调（此时将获得设备信息）

<span style="font-family:SimSun;">private BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback mLeScanCallback =            new BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback() {        @Override        public void onLeScan(final BluetoothDevice device, int rssi, byte[] scanRecord) {            runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {                @Override                public void run() {//通过这个device获取设备的name、address、uuid等信息                    mLeDeviceListAdapter.addDevice(device);                    mLeDeviceListAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();                    }            });        }    };</span>

3.建立BluetoothGattService服务

主要用来管理连接服务和数据托管在一个给定的蓝牙LE设备GATT服务器通信。

<span style="font-family:SimSun;">import java.util.List;import java.util.UUID;import android.app.Service;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCallback;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCharacteristic;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattDescriptor;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattService;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothManager;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothProfile;import android.content.Context;import android.content.Intent;import android.os.Binder;import android.os.IBinder;import android.util.Log;/** * 用来管理连接服务和数据托管在一个给定的蓝牙LE设备GATT服务器通信 */public class BluetoothLeService extends Service {private final boolean D = false;private final static String TAG = BluetoothLeService.class.getSimpleName();private BluetoothManager mBluetoothManager;private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;private BluetoothGatt mBluetoothGatt;private String mBluetoothDeviceAddress;private int mConnectionState = STATE_DISCONNECTED;public int m_rssi;private static final int STATE_DISCONNECTED = 0;private static final int STATE_CONNECTING = 1;private static final int STATE_CONNECTED = 2;public final static String ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED = "com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED";public final static String ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED = "com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED";public final static String ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED = "com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED";public final static String ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE = "com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE";public final static String EXTRA_DATA = "com.example.bluetooth.le.EXTRA_DATA";public final static UUID UUID_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT = UUID.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT);public final static UUID UUID_ISSC_RX = UUID.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.ISSC_CHAR_RX_UUID);// 实现GATT的事件回调接口，例如：连接更改和服务发现private final BluetoothGattCallback mGattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() {@Overridepublic void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status,int newState) {String intentAction;if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) {intentAction = ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED;mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTED;broadcastUpdate(intentAction);if (D)Log.i(TAG, "Connected to GATT server.");// Attempts to discover services after successful connection.boolean result = mBluetoothGatt.discoverServices();if (D)Log.i(TAG, "Attempting to start service discovery:"+ result);} else if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {intentAction = ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED;mConnectionState = STATE_DISCONNECTED;if (D)Log.i(TAG, "Disconnected from GATT server.");broadcastUpdate(intentAction);}}@Overridepublic void onServicesDiscovered(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) {if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {broadcastUpdate(ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED);} else {if (D)Log.e(TAG, "onServicesDiscovered received: " + status);}}@Overridepublic void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt,BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);}}@Overridepublic void onCharacteristicChanged(BluetoothGatt gatt,BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);}@Overridepublic void onCharacteristicWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt,BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {super.onCharacteristicWrite(gatt, characteristic, status);}@Overridepublic void onReliableWriteCompleted(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) {super.onReliableWriteCompleted(gatt, status);}@Overridepublic void onReadRemoteRssi(BluetoothGatt gatt, int rssi, int status) {m_rssi = rssi;// Log.e("RSSI", "rssi: " + m_rssi);// super.onReadRemoteRssi(gatt, rssi, status);}};private void broadcastUpdate(final String action) {final Intent intent = new Intent(action);sendBroadcast(intent);}private void broadcastUpdate(final String action,final BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {final Intent intent = new Intent(action);// This is special handling for the Heart Rate Measurement profile. Data// parsing is// carried out as per profile specifications:// http://developer.bluetooth.org/gatt/characteristics/Pages/CharacteristicViewer.aspx?u=org.bluetooth.characteristic.heart_rate_measurement.xmlif (UUID_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT.equals(characteristic.getUuid())) {int flag = characteristic.getProperties();int format = -1;if ((flag & 0x01) != 0) {format = BluetoothGattCharacteristic.FORMAT_UINT16;if (D)Log.d(TAG, "Heart rate format UINT16.");} else {format = BluetoothGattCharacteristic.FORMAT_UINT8;if (D)Log.d(TAG, "Heart rate format UINT8.");}final int heartRate = characteristic.getIntValue(format, 1);if (D)Log.d(TAG, String.format("Received heart rate: %d", heartRate));// intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, String.valueOf(heartRate));intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, String.valueOf(heartRate));} else {// For all other profiles, writes the data formatted in HEX.final byte[] data = characteristic.getValue();if (data != null && data.length > 0) {if (Public.b_ascii_mode) {intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, new String(data) + "\n");} else {final StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(data.length);for (byte byteChar : data) {stringBuilder.append(String.format("%02X ", byteChar));}intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, stringBuilder.toString() + "\n");}}}sendBroadcast(intent);}public class LocalBinder extends Binder {BluetoothLeService getService() {return BluetoothLeService.this;}}@Overridepublic IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {return mBinder;}@Overridepublic boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {// 使用一个给定的设备之后，你应该确保 BluetoothGatt.close()在资源被完全清理后执行的，在这个特定的示例中，// close() 应该是UI和服务已经断开的时候被调用close();return super.onUnbind(intent);}private final IBinder mBinder = new LocalBinder();// 初始化蓝牙适配器public boolean initialize() {// API 18及以上，就可以通过bluetoothmanager管理蓝牙适配器.if (mBluetoothManager == null) {mBluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);if (mBluetoothManager == null) {if (D)Log.e(TAG, "Unable to initialize BluetoothManager.");return false;}}mBluetoothAdapter = mBluetoothManager.getAdapter();if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {if (D)Log.e(TAG, "Unable to obtain a BluetoothAdapter.");return false;}return true;}/** * 连接到托管在BLE设备的GATT服务器。 *  * @param adress *  * @return 如果连接成功启动，则返回true。通过回调异步报告连接结果。 */public boolean connect(final String address) {if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || address == null) {if (D)Log.w(TAG,"BluetoothAdapter not initialized or unspecified address.");return false;}if (mBluetoothDeviceAddress != null&& address.equals(mBluetoothDeviceAddress)&& mBluetoothGatt != null) {if (D)Log.d(TAG,"Trying to use an existing mBluetoothGatt for connection.");if (mBluetoothGatt.connect()) {mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTING;return true;} else {return false;}}final BluetoothDevice device = mBluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(address);if (device == null) {if (D)Log.w(TAG, "Device not found.  Unable to connect.");return false;}// 直接连接到设备，所以我们设置自动连接参数为false。mBluetoothGatt = device.connectGatt(this, false, mGattCallback);if (D)Log.d(TAG, "Trying to create a new connection.");mBluetoothDeviceAddress = address;mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTING;return true;}public void update_rssi() {if (mBluetoothGatt != null) {mBluetoothGatt.readRemoteRssi();}}public int get_rssi() {return m_rssi;}/** * Disconnects an existing connection or cancel a pending connection. The * disconnection result is reported asynchronously through the callback. * {@code BluetoothGattCallback#onConnectionStateChange(android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt, int, int)} *  */public void disconnect() {if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {if (D)Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");return;}mBluetoothGatt.disconnect();}/** * After using a given BLE device, the app must call this method to ensure * resources are released properly. */public void close() {if (mBluetoothGatt == null) {return;}mBluetoothGatt.close();mBluetoothGatt = null;}/** * Request a read on a given {@code BluetoothGattCharacteristic}. The read * result is reported asynchronously through the * {@code BluetoothGattCallback#onCharacteristicRead(android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt, android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCharacteristic, int)} * callback. *  * @param characteristic *            The characteristic to read from. */public void readCharacteristic(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {if (D)Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");return;}mBluetoothGatt.readCharacteristic(characteristic);}public void writeCharacteristic(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic,byte[] value) {if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");}final int charaProp = characteristic.getProperties();if ((charaProp | BluetoothGattCharacteristic.PROPERTY_WRITE_NO_RESPONSE) > 0) {characteristic.setWriteType(BluetoothGattCharacteristic.WRITE_TYPE_NO_RESPONSE);} else {characteristic.setWriteType(BluetoothGattCharacteristic.WRITE_TYPE_DEFAULT);}characteristic.setValue(value);mBluetoothGatt.writeCharacteristic(characteristic);// mBluetoothGatt.beginReliableWrite();// mBluetoothGatt.executeReliableWrite();}/** * Enables or disables notification on a give characteristic. *  * @param characteristic *            Characteristic to act on. * @param enabled *            If true, enable notification. False otherwise. */public void setCharacteristicNotification(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, boolean enabled) {if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {if (D)Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");return;}mBluetoothGatt.setCharacteristicNotification(characteristic, enabled);// This is specific to Heart Rate Measurement.if (UUID_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT.equals(characteristic.getUuid())) {BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor = characteristic.getDescriptor(UUID.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIG));descriptor.setValue(BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE);mBluetoothGatt.writeDescriptor(descriptor);}if (UUID_ISSC_RX.equals(characteristic.getUuid())) {BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor = characteristic.getDescriptor(UUID.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIG));if (descriptor != null) {descriptor.setValue(BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE);mBluetoothGatt.writeDescriptor(descriptor);}}}/** * Retrieves a list of supported GATT services on the connected device. This * should be invoked only after {@code BluetoothGatt#discoverServices()} * completes successfully. *  * @return A {@code List} of supported services. */public List<BluetoothGattService> getSupportedGattServices() {if (mBluetoothGatt == null)return null;return mBluetoothGatt.getServices();}}</span>

4.绑定service，创建ServiceConnection建立连接，注册BroadcastReceiver来接受蓝牙传回的数据

<span style="font-family:SimSun;">Intent gattServiceIntent = new Intent(this,BicycleBluetoothService.class);bindService(gattServiceIntent, mBicycleServiceConnection,BIND_AUTO_CREATE);Public.bicycle_ascii_mode = false;mHandler = new Handler();registerReceiver(mBicycleGattUpdateReceiverBicycle,makeBicycleGattUpdateIntentFilter());</span>

ServiceConnection和BroadcastReceiver不在此列出来

最后销毁Activity的时候不要忘记解绑service、注销广播。

最后希望我的博客能够给你一点帮助。

参考1：http://www.android-doc.com/guide/topics/connectivity/bluetooth.html

参考2：http://www.2cto.com/kf/201411/349575.html