整合之道--Spring4整合Ehcache2.10

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1 写在前面的话

整合思路

Spring与其他框架的整合一般的思路就是将其他框架当作Spring的Bean管理起来,一般会由Spring提供该bean的基本实现,用户只需配置即可。

配置中主要告诉Spring需要整合的是什么东西,怎么实现,有些Spring有对应的实现,Spring没有实现的只需实现Spring的相应接口,然后配置一下就OK了,需要加载配置文件的再告诉Spring配置文件的路径即可。

spring与hibernate的整合就是将hibernate的sessionFactory当作一个bean由spring配置起来,其具体对应实现为org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.LocalSessionFactoryBean(Hibernate5的Spring实现

关于hibernate的整合参见

spring整合hibernate

Spring整合Ehcache也就是将Ehcache中最核心的CacheManager和Cache交由Spring来管理,在Spring看来也就是两个Bean

2 Ehcache安装

首先看一下如何单独的使用Ehcache

Ehcache请参考官方

http://www.ehcache.org/generated/2.10.1/html/ehc-all/

从官方的介绍可知,Ehcache的安装步骤如下

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1. 下载Ehcache(依赖SLF4J,所以也要下载SLF4J),并将其放在classpath中
2. 配置ehcache.xml文件,并将其放在classpath中

本文选择的版本为Ehcache2.10.0

mavan依赖如下

    <!--ehcache -->    <dependency>        <groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId>        <artifactId>ehcache</artifactId>        <version>2.10.0</version>    </dependency>    <!--ehcache-->    <!--ehcache依赖slf4j-->    <dependency>        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>        <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>        <version>1.7.18</version>    </dependency>    <!--ehcache依赖slf4j-->    <!--slf4j需要log4j-->    <dependency>        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>        <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>        <version>1.7.18</version>    </dependency>    <!--slf4j需要log4j-->    <!--log4j-->    <dependency>        <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>        <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>        <version>2.5</version>    </dependency>    <!--log4j-->

日志配置如下
log4j.properties

#---------------------------------------------------------# Log4J Settings for log4j 1.2.x (via jakarta-commons-logging)## The five logging levels used by Log are (in order):##   1. DEBUG (the least serious)#   2. INFO#   3. WARN#   4. ERROR#   5. FATAL (the most serious)##---------------------------------------------------------# 日志输出级别#---------------------------------------------------------log4j.rootLogger=debug, stdout, info_log, error_log#---------------------------------------------------------# 输出到控制台#---------------------------------------------------------log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppenderlog4j.appender.stdout.Target=System.out#log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayoutlog4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.TTCCLayout#---------------------------------------------------------# info_log#---------------------------------------------------------log4j.appender.info_log=org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppenderlog4j.appender.info_log.File=/usr/logs/SpringCache/info.loglog4j.appender.info_log.Append=truelog4j.appender.info_log.Threshold=INFOlog4j.appender.info_log.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayoutlog4j.appender.info_log.DatePattern='.'yyyy-MM-ddlog4j.appender.info_log.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss:SSS} %p [%M] %c %L %m%n#---------------------------------------------------------# error_log#---------------------------------------------------------log4j.appender.error_log=org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppenderlog4j.appender.error_log.File=/usr/logs/SpringCache/error.loglog4j.appender.error_log.Append=truelog4j.appender.error_log.Threshold=ERRORlog4j.appender.error_log.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayoutlog4j.appender.error_log.DatePattern='.'yyyy-MM-ddlog4j.appender.error_log.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss:SSS} %p [%M] %c %L %m%n

Ehcache的配置文件如下

ehcache.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><ehcache>    <diskStore path="java.io.tmpdir"/>    <defaultCache            maxEntriesLocalHeap="10000"            eternal="false"            timeToIdleSeconds="120"            timeToLiveSeconds="120"            diskSpoolBufferSizeMB="30"            maxEntriesLocalDisk="10000000"            diskExpiryThreadIntervalSeconds="120"            memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU">        <persistence strategy="localTempSwap"/>    </defaultCache>    <cache name="sampleCache1"           maxEntriesLocalHeap="10000"           maxEntriesLocalDisk="1000"           eternal="false"           diskSpoolBufferSizeMB="20"           timeToIdleSeconds="300"           timeToLiveSeconds="600"           memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LFU"           transactionalMode="off">        <persistence strategy="localTempSwap"/>    </cache></ehcache>

ehcache.xml中的配置来自Ehcache官方下载包中的exchache.xml片段。

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按照官方说明运行Ehcache示例

Ehcache测试程序

package com.gwc.springlearn;import net.sf.ehcache.Cache;import net.sf.ehcache.CacheManager;import net.sf.ehcache.Element;import org.junit.Test;/** * Created by GWCheng on 2016/3/4. */public class TestEhcache {    @Test    public void testEhcache() {        // Creating a CacheManager based on a specified configuration file.        CacheManager manager = CacheManager.newInstance("src/main/resources/ehcache.xml");        // obtains a Cache called sampleCache1, which has been preconfigured in the configuration file        Cache cache = manager.getCache("sampleCache1");        // puts an element into a cache        Element element = new Element("key1", "哈哈");        cache.put(element);        //The following gets a NonSerializable value from an element with a key of key1.        Object value = element.getObjectValue();        System.out.println(value.toString());        manager.shutdown();    }}

运行结果

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本文并不是要详细讲解Ehcache的用法,本文只是通过Ehcache的使用了解其用法,以方便与Spring整合。

3 与Spring整合

Ehcache核心类

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从官方的介绍来看,Ehcache的核心包括CacheManager、Cache和Element

CacheManager

The CacheManager class is used to manage caches. Creation of, access to, and removal of caches is controlled by a named CacheManager.

CacheManager是Ehcache的核心,CacheManager来管理对cache的创建,访问和移除操作。

Cache

A Cache is a thread-safe logical representation of a set of data elements, analogous to a cache region in many caching systems.

Cache是一个线程安全的数据集合的逻辑表示,是它就是缓存。

Element

An element is an atomic entry in a cache.

可以理解为缓存中的key-value形式的元素。在程序中通常将需要缓存的对象放在Element中,整合的时候不会用到。

回顾一下Spring中的抽象缓存

参考Spring抽象缓存

http://blog.csdn.net/frankcheng5143/article/details/50791757

我们发现Spring对缓存的整合,主要是将CacheManager和Cache分别用Bean配置

通过上面的分析我们知道Ehcache的核心也是CacheManagerCache

回顾一下Spring对JDK ConcurrentMap-based Cach的配置

<!-- simple cache manager --><bean id="cacheManager" class="org.springframework.cache.support.SimpleCacheManager">    <property name="caches">        <set>            <!-- 默认的缓存 -->            <bean class="org.springframework.cache.concurrent.ConcurrentMapCacheFactoryBean" p:name="default"/>            <!-- 例子中一直使用的"books",也就是那个cacheNames="books" -->            <bean class="org.springframework.cache.concurrent.ConcurrentMapCacheFactoryBean" p:name="books"/>        </set>    </property></bean>

那么Spring对Ehcache的整合也就非常简单了,将Ehcache的CacheManage和Cache分别交给Spring管理就ok了。

Spring整合Ehcache的配置文件

核心配置如下

<bean id="cacheManager"          class="org.springframework.cache.ehcache.EhCacheCacheManager" p:cacheManager-ref="ehcache"/>    <!-- EhCache library setup -->    <bean id="ehcache"          class="org.springframework.cache.ehcache.EhCacheManagerFactoryBean" p:configLocation="ehcache.xml"/>

ehcache.xml仍然采用上面的配置

完整的缓存配置spring-ehcache.xml如下

spring-ehcache.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"       xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache"       xsi:schemaLocation="        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache        http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-4.2.xsd">    <context:component-scan base-package="com.gwc.springlearn"/>    <cache:annotation-driven/>    <bean id="cacheManager"          class="org.springframework.cache.ehcache.EhCacheCacheManager" p:cacheManager-ref="ehcache"/>    <!-- EhCache library setup -->    <bean id="ehcache"          class="org.springframework.cache.ehcache.EhCacheManagerFactoryBean" p:configLocation="ehcache.xml"/></beans>

4 测试

为了测试的一致性,采用和 Spring文档学习–缓存(Cache Abstraction)
相同的测试用例

项目结构

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整合之后的maven依赖

     <dependencies>        <!--spring -->        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>            <version>${spring-framework.version}</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>            <version>${spring-framework.version}</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>            <version>${spring-framework.version}</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>            <version>${spring-framework.version}</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>            <version>${spring-framework.version}</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>            <version>${spring-framework.version}</version>        </dependency>        <!--spring -->        <!--ehcache -->        <dependency>            <groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId>            <artifactId>ehcache</artifactId>            <version>2.10.0</version>        </dependency>        <!--ehcache-->        <!--ehcache依赖slf4j-->        <dependency>            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>            <version>1.7.18</version>        </dependency>        <!--ehcache依赖slf4j-->        <!--slf4j需要log4j-->        <dependency>            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>            <version>1.7.18</version>        </dependency>        <!--slf4j需要log4j-->        <!--log4j-->        <dependency>            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>            <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>            <version>2.5</version>        </dependency>        <!--log4j-->        <!--junit-->        <dependency>            <groupId>junit</groupId>            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>            <version>4.12</version>        </dependency>        <!--junit-->    </dependencies>

因为Spring文档学习–缓存(Cache Abstraction)中的缓存名字为“books”,所以修改ehcache.xml的name为“books”

如下

 <cache name="books"           maxEntriesLocalHeap="10000"           maxEntriesLocalDisk="1000"           eternal="false"           diskSpoolBufferSizeMB="20"           timeToIdleSeconds="300"           timeToLiveSeconds="600"           memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LFU"           transactionalMode="off">        <persistence strategy="localTempSwap"/>    </cache>

运行测试用例,测试用例参考Spring文档学习–缓存(Cache Abstraction)

因为启动或者关闭程序缓存并没有关闭,所以为了测试,在运行之前需要清空缓存。而且这次需要加载spring-ehcache.xml

@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:spring-ehcache.xml"})

在测试用例中添加如下代码

    @Before    public void init(){        cacheService.loadBooks();    }

被测试的CacheService不变,CacheService参考Spring文档学习–缓存(Cache Abstraction)

测试@Cacheable

 @Test    public void testCacheable() throws BookNotFoundException {        Book book = null;        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {            book = cacheService.findBook("123");        }        cacheService.findBook("456");        cacheService.findBook("456");        cacheService.findBook("456");    }

运行报错如下

ERROR net.sf.ehcache.store.disk.DiskStorageFactory - Disk Write of 456 failed: java.io.NotSerializableException: com.gwc.springlearn.Book

Ehcache被缓存的对象需要实现Serializable接口

修改Book.java

public class Book implements Serializable{    //省略,参考http://blog.csdn.net/frankcheng5143/article/details/50791757}

继续执行

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说明已经讲Ehcache整合到了Spring中。

关于其他方法的测试参考

http://blog.csdn.net/frankcheng5143/article/details/50791757

参考文献

http://www.ehcache.org/generated/2.9.0/pdf/Ehcache_API_Developer_Guide.pdf
http://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/current/spring-framework-reference/htmlsingle/
http://blog.csdn.net/frankcheng5143/article/details/50791757

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