用C++的string::size()和string::length()返回值做比较

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楼主今天在自己实现kmp算法的c++代码时,发现了一个问题。我先把代码贴上来。

//kmp search#include <iostream>#include <vector>using namespace std;vector<int> GetNext(string pattern){    vector<int> next(pattern.size(), -1);    int i = 0;    int j = -1;    while(i < pattern.size())    {        if(j == -1 || pattern[i] == pattern[j])        {            i++;            j++;            if(pattern[i] != pattern[j])                next[i] = j;            else                next[i] = next[j];        }        else        {            j = next[j];        }    }    return next;}int KmpSearch(string text, string pattern){    if(text.size() <= 0 || pattern.size() <= 0)        return -1;    vector<int> next = GetNext(pattern);    int i = 0;    int j = 0;    int slen = text.size();    int plen = pattern.size();    while(i < slen && j < plen)//while(i < text.size() && j < pattern.size())    {        if(j == -1 || text[i] == pattern[j])        {            i++;            j++;        }        else        {            j = next[j];        }    }    if(j == pattern.size())        return i-j;    return -1;}int main(int argc, char const *argv[]){    string txt = "BBCAAAAB ABCDAB ABCDABCDABDE";    string pat = "ABCDABD";    cout << "index = " << KmpSearch(txt, pat) << endl;    return 0;}

请注意第39行,我原来写的循环条件是如注释一样的。后来发现无论如何循环都只跑一遍,然后就退出了,不能得到正确的结果,思前想后都不知道到底是哪里出了问题。然后才将text.size()替换成了一个signed int型的数字,这才解决了问题。
这个时候我就猜可能是string::size()的返回值的问题,跑去cpp reference string::size()查看,赫然发现这样一句话:

The number of bytes in the string.
size_t is an unsigned integral type (the same as member type string::size_type).

瞬间明白了:string::size()返回的是一个无符号的整数。
并由此推导出:当它的返回值和一个有符号数比较时,有符号数会被隐式转换成无符号数。(不是取绝对值,而是对将最高为(MSB)当成数字处理,不再表示符号)

KMP算法里,游标j可能为-1,因此当判断条件j < text.size()中的j为-1时,它的二进制补码为0xFFFFFFFF,而作为无符号数它被转化为了4294967295,因此没有按我本来的意思执行。
我做的实验如下:

//test for string::size() and string::length()#include <iostream>int main(int argc, char const *argv[]){    string test("abcd");    int slen = test.size();    int llen = test.length();    signed int i = -1;    unsigned int K = 4294967295;    int minus_one = 0xFFFFFFFF;    cout << minus_one << endl;    cout << 0xFFFFFFFF << endl;    if(K >= i)        cout << "K > i true" << endl;    else        cout << "K > i false" << endl;    if(test.size() > i)        cout << "test.size() > i true" << endl;    else        cout << "test.size() > i false" << endl;    if(slen > 0)        cout << "slen > 0 true" << endl;    else        cout << "slen > 0 false" << endl;    if(llen > 0)        cout << "llen > 0 true" << endl;    else        cout << "llen > 0 false" << endl;    if(slen > -1)        cout << "slen > -1 true" << endl;    else        cout << "slen > -1 false" << endl;    if(llen > -1)        cout << "llen > -1 true" << endl;    else        cout << "llen > -1 false" << endl;    if(test.size() > 0)        cout << "test.size() > 0 true" << endl;    else        cout << "test.size() > 0 false" << endl;    if(test.length() > 0)        cout << "test.length() > 0 true" << endl;    else        cout << "test.length() > 0 false" << endl;    //pay attention to the following lines    if(test.size() > -1)        cout << "test.size() > -1 true" << endl;    else        cout << "test.size() > -1 false" << endl;    if(test.length() > -1)        cout << "test.length() > -1 true" << endl;    else        cout << "test.length() > -1 false" << endl;    return 0;}

打印的内容也充分地说明了这一点,同时还说明了string::length()的行为与string::size()是完全相同的。

-1
4294967295
K > i true
test.size() > i false
slen > 0 true
llen > 0 true
slen > -1 true
llen > -1 true
test.size() > 0 true
test.length() > 0 true
test.size() > -1 false
test.length() > -1 false

提醒自己:不要将string类型的size()和length()方法的返回值直接用来比较,可能会产生预计之外的情况

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