CMMI for DEV v1.2 Chapter 4(结束)

支持

      支持过程域包含了支持产品开发和维护的全部活动。支持过程域所包含的过程经常在其他过程的上下文中执行。总之，支持过程域所包含的过程目标在于项目并且可能在组织中的应用会更加普遍。举例来说，过程和产品质量保证能够与所有过程域一起用于提供对过程以及在过程域中所描述工作产品的有效性估算。

CMMI中定义的支持过程域包括：

l         配置管理

l         过程和产品质量保证

l         检测和分析

l         结果分析和决策

l         原因分析和决策

基本支持过程域

基本支持过程域包含了所有过程域用到的基本支持功能。尽管所有支持过程域都依赖于其他过程域作为输入，基本支持过程域也提供了帮助完成重要的通用实践的支持功能。

图4.6给出了关于基本支持过程域之间以及与其他过程域之间关系的鸟瞰图。

检测和分析过程域通过提供特殊的实践来支持所有的过程域，这些实践通过能提供客观结果的检测方法在安排检测需求和目标方面指导项目和组织。这些检测结果能用来作出广泛的决定并采取可行和正确的行动。

过程和产品质量保证过程域通过提供特殊实践来支持所有的过程域，这些特殊实践客观的评估执行的过程、工作产品、针对可用过程描述、标准和过程的服务并确保能定位由这些方面引起的任何问题。过程和产品质量保证为项目组和各级管理人员提供适当的可见度和反馈，从而支持高质量产品和服务的发布。过程和相关的工作产品贯穿于项目的生命期。

配置管理过程域支持所有的过程域。他建立并使用配置识别、配置控制、配置状态识别和配置审核来维护产品完整性。配置管理涉及的工作产品包括向客户发布的产品，内部指派的工作产品，已获得的产品，工具和用于制造和描述这些产品的其他项目。举例来说，配置管理涉及的产品可能是需求，设计数据，图纸，产品规格说明，代码，编译器，产品数据文件和产品技术出版物。

高级支持过程域

高级支持过程域为项目和组织提供一种不断改进的支持能力。过程域的每一项都依赖于来自其他过程域的特定输入和实践。

图4.7给出了高级支持过程域和其他过程域之间关系的鸟瞰图。

应用原因分析和决策过程域，项目成员可以识别选定缺陷以及其他问题出现的原因，并采取行动以纺织它们在以后再次出现。而项目定义过程是识别缺陷原因的基本目标，它们为组织的一系标准过程创建过程改进建议，这些建议防止在组织内的再次出现。

       结果分析和决策过程域通过对问题应该服从一项正式的评估过程做出决断并在之后应用它来支持所有的过程域。

SupportSupport

Support process areas cover the activities that support product development and maintenance. The Support process areas address processes that are used in the context of performing other processes. In general, the Support process areas address processes that are targeted toward the project and may address processes that apply more generally to the organization. For example, Process and Product Quality Assurance can be used with all the process areas to provide an objective evaluation of the processes and work products described in all the process areas.

The Support process areas of CMMI are as follows:

·         Configuration Management

·         Process and Product Quality Assurance

·         Measurement and Analysis

·         Decision Analysis and Resolution

·         Causal Analysis and Resolution

Basic Support Process AreasBasic Support Process Areas

The Basic Support process areas address fundamental support functions that are used by all process areas. Although all Support process areas rely on the other process areas for input, the Basic Support process areas provide support functions that also help implement several generic practices.

Figure 4.6 provides a bird’s-eye view of the interactions among the Basic Support process areas and with all other process areas.

Figure 4.6: Basic Support Process Areas

 

The Measurement and Analysis process area supports all process areas by providing specific practices that guide projects and organizations in aligning measurement needs and objectives with a measurement approach that will provide objective results. These results can be used in making informed decisions and taking appropriate corrective actions.

The Process and Product Quality Assurance process area supports all process areas by providing specific practices for objectively evaluating performed processes, work products, and services against the applicable process descriptions, standards, and procedures, and ensuring that any issues arising from these reviews are addressed. Process and Product Quality Assurance supports the delivery of high-quality products and services by providing the project staff and all levels of managers with appropriate visibility into, and feedback on, the processes and associated work products throughout the life of the project.

The Configuration Management process area supports all process areas by establishing and maintaining the integrity of work products using configuration identification, configuration control, configuration status accounting, and configuration audits. The work products placed under configuration management include the products that are delivered to the customer, designated internal work products, acquired products, tools, and other items that are used in creating and describing these work products. Examples of work products that may be placed under configuration management include plans, process descriptions, requirements, design data, drawings, product specifications, code, compilers, product data files, and product technical publications.

Advanced Support Process AreasAdvanced Support Process

The Advanced Support process areas provide the projects and organization with an improved support capability. Each of these process areas relies on specific inputs or practices from other process areas.

Figure 4.7 provides a bird’s-eye view of the interactions among the Advanced Support process areas and with all other process areas.

Figure 4.7: Advanced Support Process Areas

Using the Causal Analysis and Resolution process area, project members identify causes of selected defects and other problems and take action to prevent them from occurring in the future. While the project’s defined processes are the principal targets for identifying the cause of the defect, the process improvement proposals they create target the organization’s set of standard processes, which will prevent recurrence of the defect across the organization.

The Decision Analysis and Resolution process area supports all the process areas by determining which issues should be subjected to a formal evaluation process and then applying a formal evaluation process to them.